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Documents authored by Skambath, Malte

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19
On the Parallel Parameterized Complexity of MaxSAT Variants

Authors: Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 236, 25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022)

Abstract
In the maximum satisfiability problem (max-sat) we are given a propositional formula in conjunctive normal form and have to find an assignment that satisfies as many clauses as possible. We study the parallel parameterized complexity of various versions of max-sat and provide the first constant-time algorithms parameterized either by the solution size or by the allowed excess relative to some guarantee ("above guarantee" versions). For the dual parameterized version where the parameter is the number of clauses we are allowed to leave unsatisfied, we present the first parallel algorithm for max-2sat (known as almost-2sat). The difficulty in solving almost-2sat in parallel comes from the fact that the iterative compression method, originally developed to prove that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable at all, is inherently sequential. We observe that a graph flow whose value is a parameter can be computed in parallel and use this fact to develop a parallel algorithm for the vertex cover problem parameterized above the size of a given matching. Finally, we study the parallel complexity of max-sat parameterized by the vertex cover number, the treedepth, the feedback vertex set number, and the treewidth of the input’s incidence graph. While max-sat is fixed-parameter tractable for all of these parameters, we show that they allow different degrees of possible parallelization. For all four we develop dedicated parallel algorithms that are constructive, meaning that they output an optimal assignment - in contrast to results that can be obtained by parallel meta-theorems, which often only solve the decision version.
Cite as

Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau. On the Parallel Parameterized Complexity of MaxSAT Variants. In 25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 236, pp. 19:1-19:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Skambath, Malte and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{On the Parallel Parameterized Complexity of MaxSAT Variants}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-242-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{236},
  editor =	{Meel, Kuldeep S. and Strichman, Ofer},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-166934},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: max-sat, almost-sat, parallel algorithms, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.12
MaxSAT with Absolute Value Functions: A Parameterized Perspective

Authors: Max Bannach, Pamela Fleischmann, and Malte Skambath

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 227, 18th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2022)

Abstract
The natural generalization of the Boolean satisfiability problem to optimization problems is the task of determining the maximum number of clauses that can simultaneously be satisfied in a propositional formula in conjunctive normal form. In the weighted maximum satisfiability problem each clause has a positive weight and one seeks an assignment of maximum weight. The literature almost solely considers the case of positive weights. While the general case of the problem is only restricted slightly by this constraint, many special cases become trivial in the absence of negative weights. In this work we study the problem with negative weights and observe that the problem becomes computationally harder - which we formalize from a parameterized perspective in the sense that various variations of the problem become W[1]-hard if negative weights are present. Allowing negative weights also introduces new variants of the problem: Instead of maximizing the sum of weights of satisfied clauses, we can maximize the absolute value of that sum. This turns out to be surprisingly expressive even restricted to monotone formulas in disjunctive normal form with at most two literals per clause. In contrast to the versions without the absolute value, however, we prove that these variants are fixed-parameter tractable. As technical contribution we present a kernelization for an auxiliary problem on hypergraphs in which we seek, given an edge-weighted hypergraph, an induced subgraph that maximizes the absolute value of the sum of edge-weights.
Cite as

Max Bannach, Pamela Fleischmann, and Malte Skambath. MaxSAT with Absolute Value Functions: A Parameterized Perspective. In 18th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 227, pp. 12:1-12:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.12,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Fleischmann, Pamela and Skambath, Malte},
  title =	{{MaxSAT with Absolute Value Functions: A Parameterized Perspective}},
  booktitle =	{18th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2022)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-236-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{227},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Xin, Qin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-161728},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: parameterized complexity, kernelization, weighted maximum satisfiability, absolute value maximization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.11
Solving Packing Problems with Few Small Items Using Rainbow Matchings

Authors: Max Bannach, Sebastian Berndt, Marten Maack, Matthias Mnich, Alexandra Lassota, Malin Rau, and Malte Skambath

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 170, 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)

Abstract
An important area of combinatorial optimization is the study of packing and covering problems, such as Bin Packing, Multiple Knapsack, and Bin Covering. Those problems have been studied extensively from the viewpoint of approximation algorithms, but their parameterized complexity has only been investigated barely. For problem instances containing no "small" items, classical matching algorithms yield optimal solutions in polynomial time. In this paper we approach them by their distance from triviality, measuring the problem complexity by the number k of small items. Our main results are fixed-parameter algorithms for vector versions of Bin Packing, Multiple Knapsack, and Bin Covering parameterized by k. The algorithms are randomized with one-sided error and run in time 4^k⋅ k!⋅ n^{O(1)}. To achieve this, we introduce a colored matching problem to which we reduce all these packing problems. The colored matching problem is natural in itself and we expect it to be useful for other applications. We also present a deterministic fixed-parameter algorithm for Bin Covering with run time O((k!)² ⋅ k ⋅ 2^k ⋅ n log(n)).
Cite as

Max Bannach, Sebastian Berndt, Marten Maack, Matthias Mnich, Alexandra Lassota, Malin Rau, and Malte Skambath. Solving Packing Problems with Few Small Items Using Rainbow Matchings. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 170, pp. 11:1-11:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.11,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Berndt, Sebastian and Maack, Marten and Mnich, Matthias and Lassota, Alexandra and Rau, Malin and Skambath, Malte},
  title =	{{Solving Packing Problems with Few Small Items Using Rainbow Matchings}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-159-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{170},
  editor =	{Esparza, Javier and Kr\'{a}l', Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126816},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Bin Packing, Knapsack, matching, fixed-parameter tractable}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9
Kernelizing the Hitting Set Problem in Linear Sequential and Constant Parallel Time

Authors: Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 162, 17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020)

Abstract
We analyze a reduction rule for computing kernels for the hitting set problem: In a hypergraph, the link of a set c of vertices consists of all edges that are supersets of c. We call such a set critical if its link has certain easy-to-check size properties. The rule states that the link of a critical c can be replaced by c. It is known that a simple linear-time algorithm for computing hitting set kernels (number of edges) at most k^d (k is the hitting set size, d is the maximum edge size) can be derived from this rule. We parallelize this algorithm and obtain the first AC⁰ kernel algorithm that outputs polynomial-size kernels. Previously, such algorithms were not even known for artificial problems. An interesting application of our methods lies in traditional, non-parameterized approximation theory: Our results imply that uniform AC⁰-circuits can compute a hitting set whose size is polynomial in the size of an optimal hitting set.
Cite as

Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau. Kernelizing the Hitting Set Problem in Linear Sequential and Constant Parallel Time. In 17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 162, pp. 9:1-9:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Skambath, Malte and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{Kernelizing the Hitting Set Problem in Linear Sequential and Constant Parallel Time}},
  booktitle =	{17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-150-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{162},
  editor =	{Albers, Susanne},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-122566},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Kernelization, Approximation, Hitting Set, Constant-Depth Circuits}
}
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