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Documents authored by Zhang, Lichen

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.93
Training Multi-Layer Over-Parametrized Neural Network in Subquadratic Time

Authors: Zhao Song, Lichen Zhang, and Ruizhe Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 287, 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)

Abstract
We consider the problem of training a multi-layer over-parametrized neural network to minimize the empirical risk induced by a loss function. In the typical setting of over-parametrization, the network width m is much larger than the data dimension d and the number of training samples n (m = poly(n,d)), which induces a prohibitive large weight matrix W ∈ ℝ^{m× m} per layer. Naively, one has to pay O(m²) time to read the weight matrix and evaluate the neural network function in both forward and backward computation. In this work, we show how to reduce the training cost per iteration. Specifically, we propose a framework that uses m² cost only in the initialization phase and achieves a truly subquadratic cost per iteration in terms of m, i.e., m^{2-Ω(1)} per iteration. Our result has implications beyond standard over-parametrization theory, as it can be viewed as designing an efficient data structure on top of a pre-trained large model to further speed up the fine-tuning process, a core procedure to deploy large language models (LLM).
Cite as

Zhao Song, Lichen Zhang, and Ruizhe Zhang. Training Multi-Layer Over-Parametrized Neural Network in Subquadratic Time. In 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 287, pp. 93:1-93:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{song_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.93,
  author =	{Song, Zhao and Zhang, Lichen and Zhang, Ruizhe},
  title =	{{Training Multi-Layer Over-Parametrized Neural Network in Subquadratic Time}},
  booktitle =	{15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)},
  pages =	{93:1--93:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-309-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{287},
  editor =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.93},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-196212},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.93},
  annote =	{Keywords: Deep learning theory, Nonconvex optimization}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.88
Space-Efficient Interior Point Method, with Applications to Linear Programming and Maximum Weight Bipartite Matching

Authors: S. Cliff Liu, Zhao Song, Hengjie Zhang, Lichen Zhang, and Tianyi Zhou

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
We study the problem of solving linear program in the streaming model. Given a constraint matrix A ∈ ℝ^{m×n} and vectors b ∈ ℝ^m, c ∈ ℝ^n, we develop a space-efficient interior point method that optimizes solely on the dual program. To this end, we obtain efficient algorithms for various different problems: - For general linear programs, we can solve them in Õ(√n log(1/ε)) passes and Õ(n²) space for an ε-approximate solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most efficient LP solver in streaming with no polynomial dependence on m for both space and passes. - For bipartite graphs, we can solve the minimum vertex cover and maximum weight matching problem in Õ(√m) passes and Õ(n) space. In addition to our space-efficient IPM, we also give algorithms for solving SDD systems and isolation lemma in Õ(n) spaces, which are the cornerstones for our graph results.
Cite as

S. Cliff Liu, Zhao Song, Hengjie Zhang, Lichen Zhang, and Tianyi Zhou. Space-Efficient Interior Point Method, with Applications to Linear Programming and Maximum Weight Bipartite Matching. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 88:1-88:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{liu_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.88,
  author =	{Liu, S. Cliff and Song, Zhao and Zhang, Hengjie and Zhang, Lichen and Zhou, Tianyi},
  title =	{{Space-Efficient Interior Point Method, with Applications to Linear Programming and Maximum Weight Bipartite Matching}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{88:1--88:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.88},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181408},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.88},
  annote =	{Keywords: Convex optimization, interior point method, streaming algorithm}
}
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