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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2020.13

FM-Index Reveals the Reverse Suffix Array

Authors: Arnab Ganguly, Daniel Gibney, Sahar Hooshmand, M. Oğuzhan Külekci, and Sharma V. Thankachan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 161, 31st Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2020)

Abstract

Given a text T[1,n] over an alphabet Σ of size σ, the suffix array of T stores the lexicographic order of the suffixes of T. The suffix array needs Θ(nlog n) bits of space compared to the n log σ bits needed to store T itself. A major breakthrough [FM - Index, FOCS'00] in the last two decades has been encoding the suffix array in near-optimal number of bits (≈ log σ bits per character). One can decode a suffix array value using the FM-Index in log^{O(1)} n time. We study an extension of the problem in which we have to also decode the suffix array values of the reverse text. This problem has numerous applications such as in approximate pattern matching [Lam et al., BIBM' 09]. Known approaches maintain the FM - Index of both the forward and the reverse text which drives up the space occupancy to 2nlog σ bits (plus lower order terms). This brings in the natural question of whether we can decode the suffix array values of both the forward and the reverse text, but by using nlog σ bits (plus lower order terms). We answer this question positively, and show that given the FM - Index of the forward text, we can decode the suffix array value of the reverse text in near logarithmic average time. Additionally, our experimental results are competitive when compared to the standard approach of maintaining the FM - Index for both the forward and the reverse text. We believe that applications that require both the forward and reverse text will benefit from our approach.

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Arnab Ganguly, Daniel Gibney, Sahar Hooshmand, M. Oğuzhan Külekci, and Sharma V. Thankachan. FM-Index Reveals the Reverse Suffix Array. In 31st Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 161, pp. 13:1-13:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{ganguly_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2020.13,
  author =	{Ganguly, Arnab and Gibney, Daniel and Hooshmand, Sahar and K\"{u}lekci, M. O\u{g}uzhan and Thankachan, Sharma V.},
  title =	{{FM-Index Reveals the Reverse Suffix Array}},
  booktitle =	{31st Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2020)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-149-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{161},
  editor =	{G{\o}rtz, Inge Li and Weimann, Oren},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2020.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-121388},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2020.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Data Structures, Suffix Trees, String Algorithms, Compression, Burrows - Wheeler transform, FM-Index}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2018.8

Non-Overlapping Indexing - Cache Obliviously

Authors: Sahar Hooshmand, Paniz Abedin, M. Oguzhan Külekci, and Sharma V. Thankachan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 105, 29th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2018)

Abstract

The non-overlapping indexing problem is defined as follows: pre-process a given text T[1,n] of length n into a data structure such that whenever a pattern P[1,p] comes as an input, we can efficiently report the largest set of non-overlapping occurrences of P in T. The best known solution is by Cohen and Porat [ISAAC, 2009]. Their index size is O(n) words and query time is optimal O(p+nocc), where nocc is the output size. We study this problem in the cache-oblivious model and present a new data structure of size O(n log n) words. It can answer queries in optimal O(p/(B)+log_B n+nocc/B) I/Os, where B is the block size.

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Sahar Hooshmand, Paniz Abedin, M. Oguzhan Külekci, and Sharma V. Thankachan. Non-Overlapping Indexing - Cache Obliviously. In 29th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 105, pp. 8:1-8:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{hooshmand_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2018.8,
  author =	{Hooshmand, Sahar and Abedin, Paniz and K\"{u}lekci, M. Oguzhan and Thankachan, Sharma V.},
  title =	{{Non-Overlapping Indexing - Cache Obliviously}},
  booktitle =	{29th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2018)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:9},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-074-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{105},
  editor =	{Navarro, Gonzalo and Sankoff, David and Zhu, Binhai},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2018.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-87009},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2018.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Suffix Trees, Cache Oblivious, Data Structure, String Algorithms}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2018.20

The Heaviest Induced Ancestors Problem Revisited

Authors: Paniz Abedin, Sahar Hooshmand, Arnab Ganguly, and Sharma V. Thankachan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 105, 29th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2018)

Abstract

We revisit the heaviest induced ancestors problem, which has several interesting applications in string matching. Let T_1 and T_2 be two weighted trees, where the weight W(u) of a node u in either of the two trees is more than the weight of u's parent. Additionally, the leaves in both trees are labeled and the labeling of the leaves in T_2 is a permutation of those in T_1. A node x in T_1 and a node y in T_2 are induced, iff their subtree have at least one common leaf label. A heaviest induced ancestor query HIA(u_1,u_2) is: given a node u_1 in T_1 and a node u_2 in T_2, output the pair (u_1^*,u_2^*) of induced nodes with the highest combined weight W(u^*_1) + W(u^*_2), such that u_1^* is an ancestor of u_1 and u^*_2 is an ancestor of u_2. Let n be the number of nodes in both trees combined and epsilon >0 be an arbitrarily small constant. Gagie et al. [CCCG' 13] introduced this problem and proposed three solutions with the following space-time trade-offs: - an O(n log^2n)-word data structure with O(log n log log n) query time - an O(n log n)-word data structure with O(log^2 n) query time - an O(n)-word data structure with O(log^{3+epsilon}n) query time. In this paper, we revisit this problem and present new data structures, with improved bounds. Our results are as follows. - an O(n log n)-word data structure with O(log n log log n) query time - an O(n)-word data structure with O(log^2 n/log log n) query time. As a corollary, we also improve the LZ compressed index of Gagie et al. [CCCG' 13] for answering longest common substring (LCS) queries. Additionally, we show that the LCS after one edit problem of size n [Amir et al., SPIRE' 17] can also be reduced to the heaviest induced ancestors problem over two trees of n nodes in total. This yields a straightforward improvement over its current solution of O(n log^3 n) space and O(log^3 n) query time.

Cite as

Paniz Abedin, Sahar Hooshmand, Arnab Ganguly, and Sharma V. Thankachan. The Heaviest Induced Ancestors Problem Revisited. In 29th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 105, pp. 20:1-20:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{abedin_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2018.20,
  author =	{Abedin, Paniz and Hooshmand, Sahar and Ganguly, Arnab and Thankachan, Sharma V.},
  title =	{{The Heaviest Induced Ancestors Problem Revisited}},
  booktitle =	{29th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2018)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-074-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{105},
  editor =	{Navarro, Gonzalo and Sankoff, David and Zhu, Binhai},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2018.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-86898},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2018.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Data Structure, String Algorithms, Orthogonal Range Queries}
}

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FM-Index Reveals the Reverse Suffix Array

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Non-Overlapping Indexing - Cache Obliviously

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The Heaviest Induced Ancestors Problem Revisited

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