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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.57

Randomly Coloring Graphs of Logarithmically Bounded Pathwidth

Authors: Shai Vardi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 116, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)

Abstract

We consider the problem of sampling a proper k-coloring of a graph of maximal degree Delta uniformly at random. We describe a new Markov chain for sampling colorings, and show that it mixes rapidly on graphs of logarithmically bounded pathwidth if k >=(1+epsilon)Delta, for any epsilon>0, using a hybrid paths argument.

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Shai Vardi. Randomly Coloring Graphs of Logarithmically Bounded Pathwidth. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 116, pp. 57:1-57:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{vardi:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.57,
  author =	{Vardi, Shai},
  title =	{{Randomly Coloring Graphs of Logarithmically Bounded Pathwidth}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-085-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{116},
  editor =	{Blais, Eric and Jansen, Klaus and D. P. Rolim, Jos\'{e} and Steurer, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-94618},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: Random coloring, Glauber dynamics, Markov-chain Monte Carlo}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.50

On the Probe Complexity of Local Computation Algorithms

Authors: Uriel Feige, Boaz Patt-Shamir, and Shai Vardi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract

In the Local Computation Algorithms (LCA) model, the algorithm is asked to compute a part of the output by reading as little as possible from the input. For example, an LCA for coloring a graph is given a vertex name (as a "query"), and it should output the color assigned to that vertex after inquiring about some part of the graph topology using "probes"; all outputs must be consistent with the same coloring. LCAs are useful when the input is huge, and the output as a whole is not needed simultaneously. Most previous work on LCAs was limited to bounded-degree graphs, which seems inevitable because probes are of the form "what vertex is at the other end of edge i of vertex v?". In this work we study LCAs for unbounded-degree graphs. In particular, such LCAs are expected to probe the graph a number of times that is significantly smaller than the maximum, average, or even minimum degree. We show that there are problems that have very efficient LCAs on any graph - specifically, we show that there is an LCA for the weak coloring problem (where a coloring is legal if every vertex has a neighbor with a different color) that uses log^* n+O(1) probes to reply to any query. As another way of dealing with large degrees, we propose a more powerful type of probe which we call a strong probe: given a vertex name, it returns a list of its neighbors. Lower bounds for strong probes are stronger than ones in the edge probe model (which we call weak probes). Our main result in this model is that roughly Omega(sqrt{n}) strong probes are required to compute a maximal matching. Our findings include interesting separations between closely related problems. For weak probes, we show that while weak 3-coloring can be done with probe complexity log^* n+O(1), weak 2-coloring has probe complexity Omega(log n/log log n). For strong probes, our negative result for maximal matching is complemented by an LCA for (1-epsilon)-approximate maximum matching on regular graphs that uses O(1) strong probes, for any constant epsilon>0.

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Uriel Feige, Boaz Patt-Shamir, and Shai Vardi. On the Probe Complexity of Local Computation Algorithms. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 50:1-50:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{feige_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.50,
  author =	{Feige, Uriel and Patt-Shamir, Boaz and Vardi, Shai},
  title =	{{On the Probe Complexity of Local Computation Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-90543},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Local computation algorithms, sublinear algorithms}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2015.716

The Returning Secretary

Authors: Shai Vardi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 30, 32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2015)

Abstract

In the online random-arrival model, an algorithm receives a sequence of $n$ requests that arrive in a random order. The algorithm is expected to make an irrevocable decision with regard to each request based only on the observed history. We consider the following natural extension of this model: each request arrives k times, and the arrival order is a random permutation of the kn arrivals; the algorithm is expected to make a decision regarding each request only upon its last arrival. We focus primarily on the case when k=2, which can also be interpreted as each request arriving at, and departing from the system, at a random time. We examine the secretary problem: the problem of selecting the best secretary when the secretaries are presented online according to a random permutation. We show that when each secretary arrives twice, we can achieve a competitive ratio of 0.767974... (compared to 1/e in the classical secretary problem), and that it is optimal. We also show that without any knowledge about the number of secretaries or their arrival times, we can still hire the best secretary with probability at least 2/3, in contrast to the impossibility of achieving a constant success probability in the classical setting. We extend our results to the matroid secretary problem, introduced by Babaioff et al. [3], and show a simple algorithm that achieves a 2-approximation to the maximal weighted basis in the new model (for k=2). We show that this approximation factor can be improved in special cases of the matroid secretary problem; in particular, we give a 16/9-competitive algorithm for the returning edge-weighted bipartite matching problem.

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Shai Vardi. The Returning Secretary. In 32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 30, pp. 716-729, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{vardi:LIPIcs.STACS.2015.716,
  author =	{Vardi, Shai},
  title =	{{The Returning Secretary}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2015)},
  pages =	{716--729},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-78-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{30},
  editor =	{Mayr, Ernst W. and Ollinger, Nicolas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2015.716},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-49539},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2015.716},
  annote =	{Keywords: online algorithms, secretary problem, matroid secretary}
}

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Randomly Coloring Graphs of Logarithmically Bounded Pathwidth

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On the Probe Complexity of Local Computation Algorithms

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The Returning Secretary

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