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Documents authored by Chiarcos, Christian


Document
Crazy New Idea
Get! Mimetypes! Right! (Crazy New Idea)

Authors: Christian Chiarcos

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 93, 3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021)


Abstract
This paper identifies three technical requirements - availability of data, sustainable hosting and resolvable URIs for hosted data - as minimal pre-conditions for Linguistic Linked Open Data technology to develop towards a mature technological ecosystem that third party applications can build upon. While a critical amount of data is available (and it continues to grow), there does not seem to exist a hosting solution that combines the prospects of long-term availability with an unrestricted capability to support resolvable URIs. In particular, data hosting services do currently not allow data to be declared as RDF content by means of their media type (mime type), so that the capability of clients to recognize formats and to resolve URIs on that basis is severely limited.

Cite as

Christian Chiarcos. Get! Mimetypes! Right! (Crazy New Idea). In 3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 93, pp. 5:1-5:4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)


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@InProceedings{chiarcos:OASIcs.LDK.2021.5,
  author =	{Chiarcos, Christian},
  title =	{{Get! Mimetypes! Right!}},
  booktitle =	{3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:4},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-199-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{93},
  editor =	{Gromann, Dagmar and S\'{e}rasset, Gilles and Declerck, Thierry and McCrae, John P. and Gracia, Jorge and Bosque-Gil, Julia and Bobillo, Fernando and Heinisch, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2021.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-145418},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2021.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: data hosting, mimetypes, resolvability, URIs, Linked Data foundations}
}
Document
An Ontology for CoNLL-RDF: Formal Data Structures for TSV Formats in Language Technology

Authors: Christian Chiarcos, Maxim Ionov, Luis Glaser, and Christian Fäth

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 93, 3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021)


Abstract
In language technology and language sciences, tab-separated values (TSV) represent a frequently used formalism to represent linguistically annotated natural language, often addressed as "CoNLL formats". A large number of such formats do exist, but although they share a number of common features, they are not interoperable, as different pieces of information are encoded differently in these dialects. CoNLL-RDF refers to a programming library and the associated data model that has been introduced to facilitate processing and transforming such TSV formats in a serialization-independent way. CoNLL-RDF represents CoNLL data, by means of RDF graphs and SPARQL update operations, but so far, without machine-readable semantics, with annotation properties created dynamically on the basis of a user-defined mapping from columns to labels. Current applications of CoNLL-RDF include linking between corpora and dictionaries [Mambrini and Passarotti, 2019] and knowledge graphs [Tamper et al., 2018], syntactic parsing of historical languages [Chiarcos et al., 2018; Chiarcos et al., 2018], the consolidation of syntactic and semantic annotations [Chiarcos and Fäth, 2019], a bridge between RDF corpora and a traditional corpus query language [Ionov et al., 2020], and language contact studies [Chiarcos et al., 2018]. We describe a novel extension of CoNLL-RDF, introducing a formal data model, formalized as an ontology. The ontology is a basis for linking RDF corpora with other Semantic Web resources, but more importantly, its application for transformation between different TSV formats is a major step for providing interoperability between CoNLL formats.

Cite as

Christian Chiarcos, Maxim Ionov, Luis Glaser, and Christian Fäth. An Ontology for CoNLL-RDF: Formal Data Structures for TSV Formats in Language Technology. In 3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 93, pp. 20:1-20:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)


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@InProceedings{chiarcos_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2021.20,
  author =	{Chiarcos, Christian and Ionov, Maxim and Glaser, Luis and F\"{a}th, Christian},
  title =	{{An Ontology for CoNLL-RDF: Formal Data Structures for TSV Formats in Language Technology}},
  booktitle =	{3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-199-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{93},
  editor =	{Gromann, Dagmar and S\'{e}rasset, Gilles and Declerck, Thierry and McCrae, John P. and Gracia, Jorge and Bosque-Gil, Julia and Bobillo, Fernando and Heinisch, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2021.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-145566},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2021.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: language technology, data models, CoNLL-RDF, ontology}
}
Document
Linking Discourse Marker Inventories

Authors: Christian Chiarcos and Maxim Ionov

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 93, 3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021)


Abstract
The paper describes the first comprehensive edition of machine-readable discourse marker lexicons. Discourse markers such as and, because, but, though or thereafter are essential communicative signals in human conversation, as they indicate how an utterance relates to its communicative context. As much of this information is implicit or expressed differently in different languages, discourse parsing, context-adequate natural language generation and machine translation are considered particularly challenging aspects of Natural Language Processing. Providing this data in machine-readable, standard-compliant form will thus facilitate such technical tasks, and moreover, allow to explore techniques for translation inference to be applied to this particular group of lexical resources that was previously largely neglected in the context of Linguistic Linked (Open) Data.

Cite as

Christian Chiarcos and Maxim Ionov. Linking Discourse Marker Inventories. In 3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 93, pp. 40:1-40:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)


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@InProceedings{chiarcos_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2021.40,
  author =	{Chiarcos, Christian and Ionov, Maxim},
  title =	{{Linking Discourse Marker Inventories}},
  booktitle =	{3rd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2021)},
  pages =	{40:1--40:15},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-199-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{93},
  editor =	{Gromann, Dagmar and S\'{e}rasset, Gilles and Declerck, Thierry and McCrae, John P. and Gracia, Jorge and Bosque-Gil, Julia and Bobillo, Fernando and Heinisch, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2021.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-145769},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2021.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: discourse processing, discourse markers, linked data, OntoLex, OLiA}
}
Document
Complete Volume
OASIcs, Volume 70, LDK'19, Complete Volume

Authors: Maria Eskevich, Gerard de Melo, Christian Fäth, John P. McCrae, Paul Buitelaar, Christian Chiarcos, Bettina Klimek, and Milan Dojchinovski

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 70, 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)


Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 70, LDK'19, Complete Volume

Cite as

2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 70, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Proceedings{eskevich_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2019,
  title =	{{OASIcs, Volume 70, LDK'19, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-105-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{70},
  editor =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-105045},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019},
  annote =	{Keywords: Computing methodologies, Natural language processing, Knowledge representation and reasoning}
}
Document
Front Matter
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Maria Eskevich, Gerard de Melo, Christian Fäth, John P. McCrae, Paul Buitelaar, Christian Chiarcos, Bettina Klimek, and Milan Dojchinovski

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 70, 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)


Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Cite as

2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 70, pp. 0:i-0:xvi, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{eskevich_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2019.0,
  author =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xvi},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-105-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{70},
  editor =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103641},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
Ligt: An LLOD-Native Vocabulary for Representing Interlinear Glossed Text as RDF

Authors: Christian Chiarcos and Maxim Ionov

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 70, 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)


Abstract
The paper introduces Ligt, a native RDF vocabulary for representing linguistic examples as text with interlinear glosses (IGT) in a linked data formalism. Interlinear glossing is a notation used in various fields of linguistics to provide readers with a way to understand linguistic phenomena and to provide corpus data when documenting endangered languages. This data is usually provided with morpheme-by-morpheme correspondence which is not supported by any established vocabularies for representing linguistic corpora or automated annotations. Interlinear Glossed Text can be stored and exchanged in several formats specifically designed for the purpose, but these differ in their designs and concepts, and they are tied to particular tools, so the reusability of the annotated data is limited. To improve interoperability and reusability, we propose to convert such glosses to a tool-independent representation well-suited for the Web of Data, i.e., a representation in RDF. Beyond establishing structural (format) interoperability by means of a common data representation, our approach also allows using shared vocabularies and terminology repositories available from the (Linguistic) Linked Open Data cloud. We describe the core vocabulary and the converters that use this vocabulary to convert IGT in a format of various widely-used tools into RDF. Ultimately, a Linked Data representation will facilitate the accessibility of language data from less-resourced language varieties within the (Linguistic) Linked Open Data cloud, as well as enable novel ways to access and integrate this information with (L)LOD dictionary data and other types of lexical-semantic resources. In a longer perspective, data currently only available through these formats will become more visible and reusable and contribute to the development of a truly multilingual (semantic) web.

Cite as

Christian Chiarcos and Maxim Ionov. Ligt: An LLOD-Native Vocabulary for Representing Interlinear Glossed Text as RDF. In 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 70, pp. 3:1-3:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{chiarcos_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2019.3,
  author =	{Chiarcos, Christian and Ionov, Maxim},
  title =	{{Ligt: An LLOD-Native Vocabulary for Representing Interlinear Glossed Text as RDF}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:15},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-105-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{70},
  editor =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103672},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD), less-resourced languages in the (multilingual) Semantic Web, interlinear glossed text (IGT), data modeling}
}
Document
CoNLL-Merge: Efficient Harmonization of Concurrent Tokenization and Textual Variation

Authors: Christian Chiarcos and Niko Schenk

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 70, 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)


Abstract
The proper detection of tokens in of running text represents the initial processing step in modular NLP pipelines. But strategies for defining these minimal units can differ, and conflicting analyses of the same text seriously limit the integration of subsequent linguistic annotations into a shared representation. As a solution, we introduce CoNLL Merge, a practical tool for harmonizing TSV-related data models, as they occur, e.g., in multi-layer corpora with non-sequential, concurrent tokenizations, but also in ensemble combinations in Natural Language Processing. CoNLL Merge works unsupervised, requires no manual intervention or external data sources, and comes with a flexible API for fully automated merging routines, validity and sanity checks. Users can chose from several merging strategies, and either preserve a reference tokenization (with possible losses of annotation granularity), create a common tokenization layer consisting of minimal shared subtokens (loss-less in terms of annotation granularity, destructive against a reference tokenization), or present tokenization clashes (loss-less and non-destructive, but introducing empty tokens as place-holders for unaligned elements). We demonstrate the applicability of the tool on two use cases from natural language processing and computational philology.

Cite as

Christian Chiarcos and Niko Schenk. CoNLL-Merge: Efficient Harmonization of Concurrent Tokenization and Textual Variation. In 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 70, pp. 7:1-7:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{chiarcos_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2019.7,
  author =	{Chiarcos, Christian and Schenk, Niko},
  title =	{{CoNLL-Merge: Efficient Harmonization of Concurrent Tokenization and Textual Variation}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-105-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{70},
  editor =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103717},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: data heterogeneity, tokenization, tab-separated values (TSV) format, linguistic annotation, merging}
}
Document
Short Paper
Graph-Based Annotation Engineering: Towards a Gold Corpus for Role and Reference Grammar

Authors: Christian Chiarcos and Christian Fäth

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 70, 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)


Abstract
This paper describes the application of annotation engineering techniques for the construction of a corpus for Role and Reference Grammar (RRG). RRG is a semantics-oriented formalism for natural language syntax popular in comparative linguistics and linguistic typology, and predominantly applied for the description of non-European languages which are less-resourced in terms of natural language processing. Because of its cross-linguistic applicability and its conjoint treatment of syntax and semantics, RRG also represents a promising framework for research challenges within natural language processing. At the moment, however, these have not been explored as no RRG corpus data is publicly available. While RRG annotations cannot be easily derived from any single treebank in existence, we suggest that they can be reliably inferred from the intersection of syntactic and semantic annotations as represented by, for example, the Universal Dependencies (UD) and PropBank (PB), and we demonstrate this for the English Web Treebank, a 250,000 token corpus of various genres of English internet text. The resulting corpus is a gold corpus for future experiments in natural language processing in the sense that it is built on existing annotations which have been created manually. A technical challenge in this context is to align UD and PB annotations, to integrate them in a coherent manner, and to distribute and to combine their information on RRG constituent and operator projections. For this purpose, we describe a framework for flexible and scalable annotation engineering based on flexible, unconstrained graph transformations of sentence graphs by means of SPARQL Update.

Cite as

Christian Chiarcos and Christian Fäth. Graph-Based Annotation Engineering: Towards a Gold Corpus for Role and Reference Grammar. In 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 70, pp. 9:1-9:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{chiarcos_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2019.9,
  author =	{Chiarcos, Christian and F\"{a}th, Christian},
  title =	{{Graph-Based Annotation Engineering: Towards a Gold Corpus for Role and Reference Grammar}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-105-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{70},
  editor =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103731},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Role and Reference Grammar, NLP, Corpus, Semantic Web, LLOD, Syntax, Semantics}
}
Document
Short Paper
Automatic Detection of Language and Annotation Model Information in CoNLL Corpora

Authors: Frank Abromeit and Christian Chiarcos

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 70, 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)


Abstract
We introduce AnnoHub, an on-going effort to automatically complement existing language resources with metadata about the languages they cover and the annotation schemes (tagsets) that they apply, to provide a web interface for their curation and evaluation by means of domain experts, and to publish them as a RDF dataset and as part of the (Linguistic) Linked Open Data (LLOD) cloud. In this paper, we focus on tabular formats with tab-separated values (TSV), a de-facto standard for annotated corpora as popularized as part of the CoNLL Shared Tasks. By extension, other formats for which a converter to CoNLL and/or TSV formats does exist, can be processed analoguously. We describe our implementation and its evaluation against a sample of 93 corpora from the Universal Dependencies, v.2.3.

Cite as

Frank Abromeit and Christian Chiarcos. Automatic Detection of Language and Annotation Model Information in CoNLL Corpora. In 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 70, pp. 23:1-23:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{abromeit_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2019.23,
  author =	{Abromeit, Frank and Chiarcos, Christian},
  title =	{{Automatic Detection of Language and Annotation Model Information in CoNLL Corpora}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:9},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-105-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{70},
  editor =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103873},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: LLOD, CoNLL, OLiA}
}
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