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Documents authored by Espírito Santo, José

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.19
The Logical Essence of Compiling with Continuations

Authors: José Espírito Santo and Filipa Mendes

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 260, 8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023)

Abstract
The essence of compiling with continuations is that conversion to continuation-passing style (CPS) is equivalent to a source language transformation converting to administrative normal form (ANF). Taking as source language Moggi’s computational lambda-calculus (λ{𝖢}), we define an alternative to the CPS-translation with target in the sequent calculus LJQ, named value-filling style (VFS) translation, and making use of the ability of the sequent calculus to represent contexts formally. The VFS-translation requires no type translation: indeed, double negations are introduced only when encoding the VFS target language in the CPS target language. This optional encoding, when composed with the VFS-translation reconstructs the original CPS-translation. Going back to direct style, the "essence" of the VFS-translation is that it reveals a new sublanguage of ANF, the value-enclosed style (VES), next to another one, the continuation-enclosing style (CES): such an alternative is due to a dilemma in the syntax of λ{𝖢}, concerning how to expand the application constructor. In the typed scenario, VES and CES correspond to an alternative between two proof systems for call-by-value, LJQ and natural deduction with generalized applications, confirming proof theory as a foundation for intermediate representations.
Cite as

José Espírito Santo and Filipa Mendes. The Logical Essence of Compiling with Continuations. In 8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 260, pp. 19:1-19:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{espiritosanto_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.19,
  author =	{Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e} and Mendes, Filipa},
  title =	{{The Logical Essence of Compiling with Continuations}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-277-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{260},
  editor =	{Gaboardi, Marco and van Raamsdonk, Femke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180036},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Continuation-passing style, Sequent calculus, Generalized applications, Administrative normal form}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2020.4
Coinductive Proof Search for Polarized Logic with Applications to Full Intuitionistic Propositional Logic

Authors: José Espírito Santo, Ralph Matthes, and Luís Pinto

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 188, 26th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2020)

Abstract
The approach to proof search dubbed "coinductive proof search", and previously developed by the authors for implicational intuitionistic logic, is in this paper extended to LJP, a focused sequent-calculus presentation of polarized intuitionistic logic, including an array of positive and negative connectives. As before, this includes developing a coinductive description of the search space generated by a sequent, an equivalent inductive syntax describing the same space, and decision procedures for inhabitation problems in the form of predicates defined by recursion on the inductive syntax. We prove the decidability of existence of focused inhabitants, and of finiteness of the number of focused inhabitants for polarized intuitionistic logic, by means of such recursive procedures. Moreover, the polarized logic can be used as a platform from which proof search for other logics is understood. We illustrate the technique with LJT, a focused sequent calculus for full intuitionistic propositional logic (including disjunction). For that, we have to work out the "negative translation" of LJT into LJP (that sees all intuitionistic types as negative types), and verify that the translation gives a faithful representation of proof search in LJT as proof search in the polarized logic. We therefore inherit decidability of both problems studied for LJP and thus get new proofs of these results for LJT.
Cite as

José Espírito Santo, Ralph Matthes, and Luís Pinto. Coinductive Proof Search for Polarized Logic with Applications to Full Intuitionistic Propositional Logic. In 26th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 188, pp. 4:1-4:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{espiritosanto_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2020.4,
  author =	{Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e} and Matthes, Ralph and Pinto, Lu{\'\i}s},
  title =	{{Coinductive Proof Search for Polarized Logic with Applications to Full Intuitionistic Propositional Logic}},
  booktitle =	{26th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2020)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-182-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{188},
  editor =	{de'Liguoro, Ugo and Berardi, Stefano and Altenkirch, Thorsten},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2020.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-138837},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2020.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Inhabitation problems, Coinduction, Lambda-calculus, Polarized logic}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.35
The Call-By-Value Lambda-Calculus with Generalized Applications

Authors: José Espírito Santo

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 152, 28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020)

Abstract
The lambda-calculus with generalized applications is the Curry-Howard counterpart to the system of natural deduction with generalized elimination rules for intuitionistic implicational logic. In this paper we identify a call-by-value variant of the system and prove confluence, strong normalization, and standardization. In the end, we show that the cbn and cbv variants of the system simulate each other via mappings based on extensions of the "protecting-by-a-lambda" compilation technique.
Cite as

José Espírito Santo. The Call-By-Value Lambda-Calculus with Generalized Applications. In 28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 152, pp. 35:1-35:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{espiritosanto:LIPIcs.CSL.2020.35,
  author =	{Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e}},
  title =	{{The Call-By-Value Lambda-Calculus with Generalized Applications}},
  booktitle =	{28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-132-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{152},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel and Muscholl, Anca},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-116786},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: Generalized applications, Natural deduction, Strong normalization, Standardization, Call-by-name, Call-by-value, Protecting-by-a-lambda}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2018
LIPIcs, Volume 130, TYPES'18, Complete Volume

Authors: Peter Dybjer, José Espírito Santo, and Luís Pinto

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 130, 24th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2018)

Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 130, TYPES'18, Complete Volume
Cite as

24th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 130, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@Proceedings{dybjer_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2018,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 130, TYPES'18, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{24th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2018)},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-106-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{130},
  editor =	{Dybjer, Peter and Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e} and Pinto, Lu{\'\i}s},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2018},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-114507},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2018},
  annote =	{Keywords: Theory of computation,Type theory; Constructive mathematics; Logic and verification; Program verification, Software and its engineering}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2018.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Peter Dybjer, José Espírito Santo, and Luís Pinto

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 130, 24th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2018)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as

24th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 130, pp. 0:i-0:x, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{dybjer_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2018.0,
  author =	{Dybjer, Peter and Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e} and Pinto, Lu{\'\i}s},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{24th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2018)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:x},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-106-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{130},
  editor =	{Dybjer, Peter and Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e} and Pinto, Lu{\'\i}s},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2018.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-114045},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2018.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.18
Modal Embeddings and Calling Paradigms

Authors: José Espírito Santo, Luís Pinto, and Tarmo Uustalu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 131, 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)

Abstract
We study the computational interpretation of the two standard modal embeddings, usually named after Girard and Gödel, of intuitionistic logic into IS4. As source system we take either the call-by-name (cbn) or the call-by-value (cbv) lambda-calculus with simple types. The target system can be taken to be the, arguably, simplest fragment of IS4, here recast as a very simple lambda-calculus equipped with an indeterminate lax monoidal comonad. A slight refinement of the target and of the embeddings shows that: the target is a calculus indifferent to the calling paradigms cbn/cbv, obeying a new paradigm that we baptize call-by-box (cbb), and enjoying standardization; and that Girard’s (resp. Gödel’s) embbedding is a translation of cbn (resp. cbv) lambda-calculus into this calculus, using a compilation technique we call protecting-by-a-box, enjoying the preservation and reflection properties known for cps translations - but in a stronger form that allows the extraction of standardization for cbn or cbv as consequence of standardization for cbb. The modal target and embeddings achieve thus an unification of call-by-name and call-by-value as call-by-box.
Cite as

José Espírito Santo, Luís Pinto, and Tarmo Uustalu. Modal Embeddings and Calling Paradigms. In 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 131, pp. 18:1-18:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{espiritosanto_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.18,
  author =	{Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e} and Pinto, Lu{\'\i}s and Uustalu, Tarmo},
  title =	{{Modal Embeddings and Calling Paradigms}},
  booktitle =	{4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-107-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{131},
  editor =	{Geuvers, Herman},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-105256},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: intuitionistic S4, call-by-name, call-by-value, comonadic lambda-calculus, standardization, indifference property}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2016.10
Permutability in Proof Terms for Intuitionistic Sequent Calculus with Cuts

Authors: José Espírito Santo, Maria João Frade, and Luís Pinto

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 97, 22nd International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2016)

Abstract
This paper gives a comprehensive and coherent view on permutability in the intuitionistic sequent calculus with cuts. Specifically we show that, once permutability is packaged into appropriate global reduction procedures, it organizes the internal structure of the system and determines fragments with computational interest, both for the computation-as-proof-normalization and the computation-as-proof-search paradigms. The vehicle of the study is a lambda-calculus of multiary proof terms with generalized application, previously developed by the authors (the paper argues this system represents the simplest fragment of ordinary sequent calculus that does not fall into mere natural deduction). We start by adapting to our setting the concept of normal proof, developed by Mints, Dyckhoff, and Pinto, and by defining natural proofs, so that a proof is normal iff it is natural and cut-free. Natural proofs form a subsystem with a transparent Curry-Howard interpretation (a kind of formal vector notation for lambda-terms with vectors consisting of lists of lists of arguments), while searching for normal proofs corresponds to a slight relaxation of focusing (in the sense of LJT). Next, we define a process of permutative conversion to natural form, and show that its combination with cut elimination gives a concept of normalization for the sequent calculus. We derive a systematic picture of the full system comprehending a rich set of reduction procedures (cut elimination, flattening, permutative conversion, normalization, focalization), organizing the relevant subsystems and the important subclasses of cut-free, normal, and focused proofs.
Cite as

José Espírito Santo, Maria João Frade, and Luís Pinto. Permutability in Proof Terms for Intuitionistic Sequent Calculus with Cuts. In 22nd International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 97, pp. 10:1-10:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{espiritosanto_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2016.10,
  author =	{Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e} and Frade, Maria Jo\~{a}o and Pinto, Lu{\'\i}s},
  title =	{{Permutability in Proof Terms for Intuitionistic Sequent Calculus with Cuts}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2016)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-065-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{97},
  editor =	{Ghilezan, Silvia and Geuvers, Herman and Ivetic, Jelena},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2016.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-98523},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2016.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: sequent calculus, permutative conversion, Curry-Howard isomorphism, vector of arguments, generalized application, normal proof, natural proof, cut eli}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TLCA.2015.165
Curry-Howard for Sequent Calculus at Last!

Authors: José Espírito Santo

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 38, 13th International Conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications (TLCA 2015)

Abstract
This paper tries to remove what seems to be the remaining stumbling blocks in the way to a full understanding of the Curry-Howard isomorphism for sequent calculus, namely the questions: What do variables in proof terms stand for? What is co-control and a co-continuation? How to define the dual of Parigot's mu-operator so that it is a co-control operator? Answering these questions leads to the interpretation that sequent calculus is a formal vector notation with first-class co-control. But this is just the "internal" interpretation, which has to be developed simultaneously with, and is justified by, an equivalent, "external" interpretation, offered by natural deduction: the sequent calculus corresponds to a bi-directional, agnostic (w.r.t. the call strategy), computational lambda-calculus. Next, the formal duality between control and co-control is studied, in the context of classical logic. The duality cannot be observed in the sequent calculus, but rather in a system unifying sequent calculus and natural deduction.
Cite as

José Espírito Santo. Curry-Howard for Sequent Calculus at Last!. In 13th International Conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications (TLCA 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 38, pp. 165-179, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{espiritosanto:LIPIcs.TLCA.2015.165,
  author =	{Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Jos\'{e}},
  title =	{{Curry-Howard for Sequent Calculus at Last!}},
  booktitle =	{13th International Conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications (TLCA 2015)},
  pages =	{165--179},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-87-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{38},
  editor =	{Altenkirch, Thorsten},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TLCA.2015.165},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-51626},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TLCA.2015.165},
  annote =	{Keywords: co-control, co-continuation, vector notation, let-expression, formal sub- stitution, context substitution, computational lambda-calculus, classical lo}
}
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