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Brief Announcement

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2023.35

Brief Announcement: BatchBoost: Universal Batching for Concurrent Data Structures

Authors: Vitaly Aksenov, Michael Anoprenko, Alexander Fedorov, and Michael Spear

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 281, 37th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2023)

Abstract

Batching is a technique that stores multiple keys/values in each node of a data structure. In sequential search data structures, batching reduces latency by reducing the number of cache misses and shortening the chain of pointers to dereference. Applying batching to concurrent data structures is challenging, because it is difficult to maintain the search property and keep contention low in the presence of batching. In this paper, we present a general methodology for leveraging batching in concurrent search data structures, called BatchBoost. BatchBoost builds a search data structure from distinct "data" and "index" layers. The data layer’s purpose is to store a batch of key/value pairs in each of its nodes. The index layer uses an unmodified concurrent search data structure to route operations to a position in the data layer that is "close" to where the corresponding key should exist. The requirements on the index and data layers are low: with minimal effort, we were able to compose three highly scalable concurrent search data structures based on three original data structures as the index layers with a batched version of the Lazy List as the data layer. The resulting BatchBoost data structures provide significant performance improvements over their original counterparts.

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Vitaly Aksenov, Michael Anoprenko, Alexander Fedorov, and Michael Spear. Brief Announcement: BatchBoost: Universal Batching for Concurrent Data Structures. In 37th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 281, pp. 35:1-35:7, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{aksenov_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2023.35,
  author =	{Aksenov, Vitaly and Anoprenko, Michael and Fedorov, Alexander and Spear, Michael},
  title =	{{Brief Announcement: BatchBoost: Universal Batching for Concurrent Data Structures}},
  booktitle =	{37th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2023)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:7},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-301-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{281},
  editor =	{Oshman, Rotem},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2023.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-191612},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2023.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: Concurrency, Synchronization, Locality}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.15

In Search of the Fastest Concurrent Union-Find Algorithm

Authors: Dan Alistarh, Alexander Fedorov, and Nikita Koval

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 153, 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2019)

Abstract

Union-Find (or Disjoint-Set Union) is one of the fundamental problems in computer science; it has been well-studied from both theoretical and practical perspectives in the sequential case. Recently, there has been mounting interest in analyzing this problem in the concurrent scenario, and several asymptotically-efficient algorithms have been proposed. Yet, to date, there is very little known about the practical performance of concurrent Union-Find. This work addresses this gap. We evaluate and analyze the performance of several concurrent Union-Find algorithms and optimization strategies across a wide range of platforms (Intel, AMD, and ARM) and workloads (social, random, and road networks, as well as integrations into more complex algorithms). We first observe that, due to the limited computational cost, the number of induced cache misses is the critical determining factor for the performance of existing algorithms. We introduce new techniques to reduce this cost by storing node priorities implicitly and by using plain reads and writes in a way that does not affect the correctness of the algorithms. Finally, we show that Union-Find implementations are an interesting application for Transactional Memory (TM): one of the fastest algorithm variants we discovered is a sequential one that uses coarse-grained locking with the lock elision optimization to reduce synchronization cost and increase scalability.

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Dan Alistarh, Alexander Fedorov, and Nikita Koval. In Search of the Fastest Concurrent Union-Find Algorithm. In 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 153, pp. 15:1-15:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{alistarh_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.15,
  author =	{Alistarh, Dan and Fedorov, Alexander and Koval, Nikita},
  title =	{{In Search of the Fastest Concurrent Union-Find Algorithm}},
  booktitle =	{23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2019)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-133-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{153},
  editor =	{Felber, Pascal and Friedman, Roy and Gilbert, Seth and Miller, Avery},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-118012},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: union-find, concurrency, evaluation, benchmarks, hardware transactional memory}
}

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Brief Announcement: BatchBoost: Universal Batching for Concurrent Data Structures

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In Search of the Fastest Concurrent Union-Find Algorithm

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