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Documents authored by Fisman, Dana

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.53
A Robust Measure on FDFAs Following Duo-Normalized Acceptance

Authors: Dana Fisman, Emmanuel Goldberg, and Oded Zimerman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 306, 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)

Abstract
Families of DFAs (FDFAs) are a computational model recognizing ω-regular languages. They were introduced in the quest of finding a Myhill-Nerode theorem for ω-regular languages and obtaining learning algorithms. FDFAs have been shown to have good qualities in terms of the resources required for computing Boolean operations on them (complementation, union, and intersection) and answering decision problems (emptiness and equivalence); all can be done in non-deterministic logarithmic space. In this paper we study FDFAs with a new type of acceptance condition, duo-normalization, that generalizes the traditional normalization acceptance type. We show that duo-normalized FDFAs are advantageous to normalized FDFAs in terms of succinctness as they can be exponentially smaller. Fortunately this added succinctness doesn't come at the cost of increasing the complexity of Boolean operations and decision problems - they can still be preformed in NLOGSPACE. An important measure of the complexity of an ω-regular language is its position in the Wagner hierarchy (aka the Rabin Index). It is based on the inclusion measure of Muller automata, and for the common ω-automata there exist algorithms computing their position. We develop a similarly robust measure for duo-normalized (and normalized) FDFAs, which we term the diameter measure. We show that the diameter measure corresponds one-to-one to the position in the Wagner hierarchy. We show that computing it for duo-normalized FDFAs is PSPACE-complete, while it can be done in NLOGSPACE for traditional FDFAs.
Cite as

Dana Fisman, Emmanuel Goldberg, and Oded Zimerman. A Robust Measure on FDFAs Following Duo-Normalized Acceptance. In 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 306, pp. 53:1-53:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{fisman_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.53,
  author =	{Fisman, Dana and Goldberg, Emmanuel and Zimerman, Oded},
  title =	{{A Robust Measure on FDFAs Following Duo-Normalized Acceptance}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)},
  pages =	{53:1--53:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-335-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{306},
  editor =	{Kr\'{a}lovi\v{c}, Rastislav and Ku\v{c}era, Anton{\'\i}n},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.53},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-206093},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.53},
  annote =	{Keywords: Omega-Regular Languages, Families of DFAs, Complexity Measure, Wagner Hierarchy, Rabin Index}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2024.14
When Is the Normalized Edit Distance over Non-Uniform Weights a Metric?

Authors: Dana Fisman and Ilay Tzarfati

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 296, 35th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2024)

Abstract
The well known Normalized Edit Distance (ned) [Marzal and Vidal 1993] is known to disobey the triangle inequality on contrived weight functions, while in practice it often exhibits a triangular behavior. Let d be a weight function on basic edit operations, and let ned_{d} be the resulting normalized edit distance. The question what criteria should d satisfy for ned_{d} to be a metric is long standing. It was recently shown that when d is the uniform weight function (all operations cost 1 except for no-op which costs 0) then ned_{d} is a metric. The question regarding non-uniform weights remained open. In this paper we answer this question by providing a necessary and sufficient condition on d under which ned_{d} is a metric.
Cite as

Dana Fisman and Ilay Tzarfati. When Is the Normalized Edit Distance over Non-Uniform Weights a Metric?. In 35th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 296, pp. 14:1-14:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{fisman_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2024.14,
  author =	{Fisman, Dana and Tzarfati, Ilay},
  title =	{{When Is the Normalized Edit Distance over Non-Uniform Weights a Metric?}},
  booktitle =	{35th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2024)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-326-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{296},
  editor =	{Inenaga, Shunsuke and Puglisi, Simon J.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2024.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201247},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2024.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normalized Edit Distance, Non-uniform Weights, Triangle Inequality, Metric}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2023.20
A Normalized Edit Distance on Infinite Words

Authors: Dana Fisman, Joshua Grogin, and Gera Weiss

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 252, 31st EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2023)

Abstract
We introduce ω^ ̅-NED, an edit distance between infinite words, that is a natural extension of NED, the normalized edit distance between finite words. We show it is a metric on (equivalence classes of) infinite words. We provide a polynomial time algorithm to compute the distance between two ultimately periodic words, and a polynomial time algorithm to compute the distance between two regular ω-languages given by non-deterministic Büchi automata.
Cite as

Dana Fisman, Joshua Grogin, and Gera Weiss. A Normalized Edit Distance on Infinite Words. In 31st EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 252, pp. 20:1-20:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{fisman_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2023.20,
  author =	{Fisman, Dana and Grogin, Joshua and Weiss, Gera},
  title =	{{A Normalized Edit Distance on Infinite Words}},
  booktitle =	{31st EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2023)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-264-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{252},
  editor =	{Klin, Bartek and Pimentel, Elaine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2023.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-174818},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2023.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Edit Distance, Infinite Words, Robustness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2022.17
The Normalized Edit Distance with Uniform Operation Costs Is a Metric

Authors: Dana Fisman, Joshua Grogin, Oded Margalit, and Gera Weiss

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 223, 33rd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2022)

Abstract
We prove that the normalized edit distance proposed in [Marzal and Vidal 1993] is a metric when the cost of all the edit operations are the same. This closes a long standing gap in the literature where several authors noted that this distance does not satisfy the triangle inequality in the general case, and that it was not known whether it is satisfied in the uniform case - where all the edit costs are equal. We compare this metric to two normalized metrics proposed as alternatives in the literature, when people thought that Marzal’s and Vidal’s distance is not a metric, and identify key properties that explain why the original distance, now known to also be a metric, is better for some applications. Our examination is from a point of view of formal verification, but the properties and their significance are stated in an application agnostic way.
Cite as

Dana Fisman, Joshua Grogin, Oded Margalit, and Gera Weiss. The Normalized Edit Distance with Uniform Operation Costs Is a Metric. In 33rd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 223, pp. 17:1-17:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{fisman_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2022.17,
  author =	{Fisman, Dana and Grogin, Joshua and Margalit, Oded and Weiss, Gera},
  title =	{{The Normalized Edit Distance with Uniform Operation Costs Is a Metric}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2022)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-234-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{223},
  editor =	{Bannai, Hideo and Holub, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2022.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-161446},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2022.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: edit distance, normalized distance, triangle inequality, metric}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2022.21
Inferring Symbolic Automata

Authors: Dana Fisman, Hadar Frenkel, and Sandra Zilles

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 216, 30th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2022)

Abstract
We study the learnability of symbolic finite state automata, a model shown useful in many applications in software verification. The state-of-the-art literature on this topic follows the query learning paradigm, and so far all obtained results are positive. We provide a necessary condition for efficient learnability of SFAs in this paradigm, from which we obtain the first negative result. The main focus of our work lies in the learnability of SFAs under the paradigm of identification in the limit using polynomial time and data. We provide a necessary condition and a sufficient condition for efficient learnability of SFAs in this paradigm, from which we derive a positive and a negative result.
Cite as

Dana Fisman, Hadar Frenkel, and Sandra Zilles. Inferring Symbolic Automata. In 30th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 216, pp. 21:1-21:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{fisman_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2022.21,
  author =	{Fisman, Dana and Frenkel, Hadar and Zilles, Sandra},
  title =	{{Inferring Symbolic Automata}},
  booktitle =	{30th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2022)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-218-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{216},
  editor =	{Manea, Florin and Simpson, Alex},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2022.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-157412},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2022.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Symbolic Finite State Automata, Query Learning, Characteristic Sets}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.8
Strongly Unambiguous Büchi Automata Are Polynomially Predictable With Membership Queries

Authors: Dana Angluin, Timos Antonopoulos, and Dana Fisman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 152, 28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020)

Abstract
A Büchi automaton is strongly unambiguous if every word w ∈ Σ^ω has at most one final path. Many properties of strongly unambiguous Büchi automata (SUBAs) are known. They are fully expressive: every regular ω-language can be represented by a SUBA. Equivalence and containment of SUBAs can be decided in polynomial time. SUBAs may be exponentially smaller than deterministic Muller automata and may be exponentially bigger than deterministic Büchi automata. In this work we show that SUBAs can be learned in polynomial time using membership and certain non-proper equivalence queries, which implies that they are polynomially predictable with membership queries. In contrast, under plausible cryptographic assumptions, non-deterministic Büchi automata are not polynomially predictable with membership queries.
Cite as

Dana Angluin, Timos Antonopoulos, and Dana Fisman. Strongly Unambiguous Büchi Automata Are Polynomially Predictable With Membership Queries. In 28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 152, pp. 8:1-8:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{angluin_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2020.8,
  author =	{Angluin, Dana and Antonopoulos, Timos and Fisman, Dana},
  title =	{{Strongly Unambiguous B\"{u}chi Automata Are Polynomially Predictable With Membership Queries}},
  booktitle =	{28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-132-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{152},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel and Muscholl, Anca},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-116519},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Polynomially predictable languages, Automata learning, Strongly unambiguous B\"{u}chi automata, Automata succinctness, Regular \omega-languages, Grammatical inference}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2017.10
Query Learning of Derived Omega-Tree Languages in Polynomial Time

Authors: Dana Angluin, Timos Antonopoulos, and Dana Fisman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 82, 26th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2017)

Abstract
We present the first polynomial time algorithm to learn nontrivial classes of languages of infinite trees. Specifically, our algorithm uses membership and equivalence queries to learn classes of omega-tree languages derived from weak regular omega-word languages in polynomial time. The method is a general polynomial time reduction of learning a class of derived omega-tree languages to learning the underlying class of omega-word languages, for any class of omega-word languages recognized by a deterministic Büchi acceptor. Our reduction, combined with the polynomial time learning algorithm of Maler and Pnueli [Maler and Pneuli, Inform. Comput., 1995] for the class of weak regular omega-word languages yields the main result. We also show that subset queries that return counterexamples can be implemented in polynomial time using subset queries that return no counterexamples for deterministic or non-deterministic finite word acceptors, and deterministic or non-deterministic Büchi omega-word acceptors. A previous claim of an algorithm to learn regular omega-trees due to Jayasrirani, Begam and Thomas [Jayasrirani et al., ICGI, 2008] is unfortunately incorrect, as shown in [Angluin, YALEU/DCS/TR-1528, 2016].
Cite as

Dana Angluin, Timos Antonopoulos, and Dana Fisman. Query Learning of Derived Omega-Tree Languages in Polynomial Time. In 26th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 82, pp. 10:1-10:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{angluin_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2017.10,
  author =	{Angluin, Dana and Antonopoulos, Timos and Fisman, Dana},
  title =	{{Query Learning of Derived Omega-Tree Languages in Polynomial Time}},
  booktitle =	{26th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2017)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-045-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{82},
  editor =	{Goranko, Valentin and Dam, Mads},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2017.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-77022},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2017.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Learning, queries, infinite trees, derived tree languages, reactive systems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2016.11
Families of DFAs as Acceptors of omega-Regular Languages

Authors: Dana Angluin, Udi Boker, and Dana Fisman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 58, 41st International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2016)

Abstract
Families of DFAs (FDFAs) provide an alternative formalism for recognizing omega-regular languages. The motivation for introducing them was a desired correlation between the automaton states and right congruence relations, in a manner similar to the Myhill-Nerode theorem for regular languages. This correlation is beneficial for learning algorithms, and indeed it was recently shown that omega-regular languages can be learned from membership and equivalence queries, using FDFAs as the acceptors. In this paper, we look into the question of how suitable FDFAs are for defining omega-regular languages. Specifically, we look into the complexity of performing Boolean operations, such as complementation and intersection, on FDFAs, the complexity of solving decision problems, such as emptiness and language containment, and the succinctness of FDFAs compared to standard deterministic and nondeterministic omega-automata. We show that FDFAs enjoy the benefits of deterministic automata with respect to Boolean operations and decision problems. Namely, they can all be performed in nondeterministic logarithmic space. We provide polynomial translations of deterministic Buchi and coBuchi automata to FDFAs and of FDFAs to nondeterministic Buchi automata (NBAs). We show that translation of an NBA to an FDFA may involve an exponential blowup. Last, we show that FDFAs are more succinct than deterministic parity automata (DPAs) in the sense that translating a DPA to an FDFA can always be done with only a polynomial increase, yet the other direction involves an inevitable exponential blowup in the worst case.
Cite as

Dana Angluin, Udi Boker, and Dana Fisman. Families of DFAs as Acceptors of omega-Regular Languages. In 41st International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 58, pp. 11:1-11:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{angluin_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2016.11,
  author =	{Angluin, Dana and Boker, Udi and Fisman, Dana},
  title =	{{Families of DFAs as Acceptors of omega-Regular Languages}},
  booktitle =	{41st International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2016)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-016-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{58},
  editor =	{Faliszewski, Piotr and Muscholl, Anca and Niedermeier, Rolf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2016.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-64274},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2016.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: finite automata, omega regular languages}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.368
A Modular Approach for Büchi Determinization

Authors: Dana Fisman and Yoad Lustig

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 42, 26th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2015)

Abstract
The problem of Büchi determinization is a fundamental problem with important applications in reactive synthesis, multi-agent systems and probabilistic verification. The first asymptotically optimal Büchi determinization (a.k.a the Safra construction), was published in 1988. While asymptotically optimal, the Safra construction is notorious for its technical complexity and opaqueness in terms of intuition. While some improvements were published since the Safra construction, notably Kähler and Wilke’s construction, understanding the constructions remains a non-trivial task. In this paper we present a modular approach to Büchi determinization, where the difficulties are addressed one at a time, rather than simultaneously, making the solutions natural and easy to understand. We build on the notion of the skeleton trees of Kähler and Wilke. We first show how to construct a deterministic automaton in the case the skeleton's width is one. Then we show how to construct a deterministic automaton in the case the skeleton's width is k (for any given k). The overall construction is obtained by running in parallel the automata for all widths.
Cite as

Dana Fisman and Yoad Lustig. A Modular Approach for Büchi Determinization. In 26th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 42, pp. 368-382, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{fisman_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.368,
  author =	{Fisman, Dana and Lustig, Yoad},
  title =	{{A Modular Approach for B\"{u}chi Determinization}},
  booktitle =	{26th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2015)},
  pages =	{368--382},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-91-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{42},
  editor =	{Aceto, Luca and de Frutos Escrig, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.368},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-53899},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.368},
  annote =	{Keywords: B\"{u}chi automata, Determinization, Verification, Games, Synthesis}
}
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