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Documents authored by Grosso, Fabrizio

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.35
A Walk on the Wild Side: A Shape-First Methodology for Orthogonal Drawings

Authors: Giordano Andreola, Susanna Caroppo, Giuseppe Di Battista, Fabrizio Grosso, Maurizio Patrignani, and Allegra Strippoli

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 357, 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)

Abstract
Several algorithms for the construction of orthogonal drawings of graphs, including those based on the Topology-Shape-Metrics (TSM) paradigm, tend to prioritize the minimization of crossings. This emphasis has two notable side effects: some edges are drawn with unnecessarily long sequences of segments and bends, and the overall drawing area may become excessively large. As a result, the produced drawings often lack geometric uniformity. Moreover, orthogonal crossings are known to have a limited impact on readability, suggesting that crossing minimization may not always be the optimal goal. In this paper, we introduce a methodology that "subverts" the traditional TSM pipeline by focusing on minimizing bends. Given a graph G, we ideally seek to construct a rectilinear drawing of G, that is, an orthogonal drawing with no bends. When not possible, we incrementally subdivide the edges of G by introducing dummy vertices that will (possibly) correspond to bends in the final drawing. This process continues until a rectilinear drawing of a subdivision of the graph is found, after which the final coordinates are computed. We tackle the (NP-complete) rectilinear drawability problem by encoding it as a SAT formula and solving it with state-of-the-art SAT solvers. If the SAT formula is unsatisfiable, we use the solver’s proof to determine which edge to subdivide. Our implementation, domus, which is fairly simple, is evaluated through extensive experiments on small- to medium-sized graphs. The results show that it consistently outperforms ogdf’s TSM-based approach across most standard graph drawing metrics.
Cite as

Giordano Andreola, Susanna Caroppo, Giuseppe Di Battista, Fabrizio Grosso, Maurizio Patrignani, and Allegra Strippoli. A Walk on the Wild Side: A Shape-First Methodology for Orthogonal Drawings. In 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 357, pp. 35:1-35:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{andreola_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2025.35,
  author =	{Andreola, Giordano and Caroppo, Susanna and Di Battista, Giuseppe and Grosso, Fabrizio and Patrignani, Maurizio and Strippoli, Allegra},
  title =	{{A Walk on the Wild Side: A Shape-First Methodology for Orthogonal Drawings}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-403-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{357},
  editor =	{Dujmovi\'{c}, Vida and Montecchiani, Fabrizio},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-250218},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: Non-planar Orthogonal Drawings, SAT Solver, Experimental Comparison}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.24
Upward Pointset Embeddings of Planar st-Graphs

Authors: Carlos Alegría, Susanna Caroppo, Giordano Da Lozzo, Marco D'Elia, Giuseppe Di Battista, Fabrizio Frati, Fabrizio Grosso, and Maurizio Patrignani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 320, 32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024)

Abstract
We study upward pointset embeddings (UPSEs) of planar st-graphs. Let G be a planar st-graph and let S ⊂ ℝ² be a pointset with |S| = |V(G)|. An UPSE of G on S is an upward planar straight-line drawing of G that maps the vertices of G to the points of S. We consider both the problem of testing the existence of an UPSE of G on S (UPSE Testing) and the problem of enumerating all UPSEs of G on S. We prove that UPSE Testing is NP-complete even for st-graphs that consist of a set of directed st-paths sharing only s and t. On the other hand, for n-vertex planar st-graphs whose maximum st-cutset has size k, we prove that it is possible to solve UPSE Testing in 𝒪(n^{4k}) time with 𝒪(n^{3k}) space, and to enumerate all UPSEs of G on S with 𝒪(n) worst-case delay, using 𝒪(k n^{4k} log n) space, after 𝒪(k n^{4k} log n) set-up time. Moreover, for an n-vertex st-graph whose underlying graph is a cycle, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an UPSE on a given poinset, which can be tested in 𝒪(n log n) time. Related to this result, we give an algorithm that, for a set S of n points, enumerates all the non-crossing monotone Hamiltonian cycles on S with 𝒪(n) worst-case delay, using 𝒪(n²) space, after 𝒪(n²) set-up time.
Cite as

Carlos Alegría, Susanna Caroppo, Giordano Da Lozzo, Marco D'Elia, Giuseppe Di Battista, Fabrizio Frati, Fabrizio Grosso, and Maurizio Patrignani. Upward Pointset Embeddings of Planar st-Graphs. In 32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 320, pp. 24:1-24:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{alegria_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2024.24,
  author =	{Alegr{\'\i}a, Carlos and Caroppo, Susanna and Da Lozzo, Giordano and D'Elia, Marco and Di Battista, Giuseppe and Frati, Fabrizio and Grosso, Fabrizio and Patrignani, Maurizio},
  title =	{{Upward Pointset Embeddings of Planar st-Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-343-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{320},
  editor =	{Felsner, Stefan and Klein, Karsten},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-213082},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Upward pointset embeddings, planar st-graphs, st-cutset, non-crossing monotone Hamiltonian cycles, graph drawing enumeration}
}
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