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Documents authored by Guan, Nan

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2021.8
Response Time Bounds for DAG Tasks with Arbitrary Intra-Task Priority Assignment

Authors: Qingqiang He, Mingsong Lv, and Nan Guan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 196, 33rd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2021)

Abstract
Most parallel real-time applications can be modeled as directed acyclic graph (DAG) tasks. Intra-task priority assignment can reduce the nondeterminism of runtime behavior of DAG tasks, possibly resulting in a smaller worst-case response time. However, intra-task priority assignment incurs dependencies between different parts of the graph, making it a challenging problem to compute the response time bound. Existing work on intra-task task priority assignment for DAG tasks is subject to the constraint that priority assignment must comply with the topological order of the graph, so that the response time bound can be computed in polynomial time. In this paper, we relax this constraint and propose a new method to compute response time bound of DAG tasks with arbitrary priority assignment. With the benefit of our new method, we present a simple but effective priority assignment policy, leading to smaller response time bounds. Comprehensive evaluation with both single-DAG systems and multi-DAG systems demonstrates that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method with a considerable margin.
Cite as

Qingqiang He, Mingsong Lv, and Nan Guan. Response Time Bounds for DAG Tasks with Arbitrary Intra-Task Priority Assignment. In 33rd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 196, pp. 8:1-8:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{he_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2021.8,
  author =	{He, Qingqiang and Lv, Mingsong and Guan, Nan},
  title =	{{Response Time Bounds for DAG Tasks with Arbitrary Intra-Task Priority Assignment}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2021)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-192-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{196},
  editor =	{Brandenburg, Bj\"{o}rn B.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2021.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-139394},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2021.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: real-time systems, response time bound, DAG tasks, intra-task priority assignment}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.22
Energy-Efficient Multi-Core Scheduling for Real-Time DAG Tasks

Authors: Zhishan Guo, Ashikahmed Bhuiyan, Abusayeed Saifullah, Nan Guan, and Haoyi Xiong

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 76, 29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017)

Abstract
In this work, we study energy-aware real-time scheduling of a set of sporadic Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) tasks with implicit deadlines. While meeting all real-time constraints, we try to identify the best task allocation and execution pattern such that the average power consumption of the whole platform is minimized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses the power consumption issue in scheduling multiple DAG tasks on multi-cores and allows intra-task processor sharing. We first adapt the decomposition-based framework for federated scheduling and propose an energy-sub-optimal scheduler. Then we derive an approximation algorithm to identify processors to be merged together for further improvements in energy-efficiency and to prove the bound of the approximation ratio. We perform a simulation study to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheduling. The simulation results show that our algorithms achieve an energy saving of 27% to 41% compared to existing DAG task schedulers.
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Zhishan Guo, Ashikahmed Bhuiyan, Abusayeed Saifullah, Nan Guan, and Haoyi Xiong. Energy-Efficient Multi-Core Scheduling for Real-Time DAG Tasks. In 29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 76, pp. 22:1-22:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{guo_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.22,
  author =	{Guo, Zhishan and Bhuiyan, Ashikahmed and Saifullah, Abusayeed and Guan, Nan and Xiong, Haoyi},
  title =	{{Energy-Efficient Multi-Core Scheduling for Real-Time DAG Tasks}},
  booktitle =	{29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-037-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{76},
  editor =	{Bertogna, Marko},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-71675},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parallel task, Real-time scheduling, Energy minimization, Convex optimization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LITES-v003-i001-a005
A Survey on Static Cache Analysis for Real-Time Systems

Authors: Mingsong Lv, Nan Guan, Jan Reineke, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Wang Yi

Published in: LITES, Volume 3, Issue 1 (2016). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 3, Issue 1

Abstract
Real-time systems are reactive computer systems that must produce their reaction to a stimulus within given time bounds. A vital verification requirement is to estimate the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of programs. These estimates are then used to predict the timing behavior of the overall system. The execution time of a program heavily depends on the underlying hardware, among which cache has the biggest influence. Analyzing cache behavior is very challenging due to the versatile cache features and complex execution environment. This article provides a survey on static cache analysis for real-time systems. We first present the challenges and static analysis techniques for independent programs with respect to different cache features. Then, the discussion is extended to cache analysis in complex execution environment, followed by a survey of existing tools based on static techniques for cache analysis. An outlook for future research is provided at last.
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Mingsong Lv, Nan Guan, Jan Reineke, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Wang Yi. A Survey on Static Cache Analysis for Real-Time Systems. In LITES, Volume 3, Issue 1 (2016). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 05:1-05:48, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@Article{lv_et_al:LITES-v003-i001-a005,
  author =	{Lv, Mingsong and Guan, Nan and Reineke, Jan and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Yi, Wang},
  title =	{{A Survey on Static Cache Analysis for Real-Time Systems}},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{05:1--05:48},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{3},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES-v003-i001-a005},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-192603},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES-v003-i001-a005},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hard real-time, Cache analysis, Worst-case execution time}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.PPES.2011.42
Towards the Implementation and Evaluation of Semi-Partitioned Multi-Core Scheduling

Authors: Yi Zhang, Nan Guan, and Wang Yi

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 18, Bringing Theory to Practice: Predictability and Performance in Embedded Systems (2011)

Abstract
Recent theoretical studies have shown that partitioning-based scheduling has better real-time performance than other scheduling paradigms like global scheduling on multi-cores. Especially, a class of partitioning-based scheduling algorithms (called semi-partitioned scheduling), which allow to split a small number of tasks among different cores, offer very high resource utilization, and appear to be a promising solution for scheduling real-time systems on multi-cores. The major concern about the semi-partitioned scheduling is that due to the task splitting, some tasks will migrate from one core to another at run time, and might incur higher context switch overhead than partitioned scheduling. So one would suspect whether the extra overhead caused by task splitting would counteract the theoretical performance gain of semi-partitioned scheduling. In this work, we implement a semi-partitioned scheduler in the Linux operating system, and run experiments on a Intel Core-i7 4-cores machine to measure the real overhead in both partitioned scheduling and semi-partitioned scheduling. Then we integrate the obtained overhead into the state-of-the-art partitioned scheduling and semi-partitioned scheduling algorithms, and conduct empirical comparison of their real-time performance. Our results show that the extra overhead caused by task splitting in semi-partitioned scheduling is very low, and its effect on the system schedulability is very small. Semi-partitioned scheduling indeed outperforms partitioned scheduling in realistic systems.
Cite as

Yi Zhang, Nan Guan, and Wang Yi. Towards the Implementation and Evaluation of Semi-Partitioned Multi-Core Scheduling. In Bringing Theory to Practice: Predictability and Performance in Embedded Systems. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 18, pp. 42-46, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)

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@InProceedings{zhang_et_al:OASIcs.PPES.2011.42,
  author =	{Zhang, Yi and Guan, Nan and Yi, Wang},
  title =	{{Towards the Implementation and Evaluation of Semi-Partitioned Multi-Core Scheduling}},
  booktitle =	{Bringing Theory to Practice: Predictability and Performance in Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{42--46},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-28-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2011},
  volume =	{18},
  editor =	{Lucas, Philipp and Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.PPES.2011.42},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-30804},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.PPES.2011.42},
  annote =	{Keywords: real-time operating system, multi-core, semi-partitioned scheduling}
}
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