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Documents authored by Jäger, Sven

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2026.11
Integrated Line Planning and Strategic Ridepooling: Minimizing the Passengers' Travel Time

Authors: Lena Dittrich, Sven Jäger, and Anita Schöbel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 147, 26th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2026)

Abstract
Public transport systems increasingly combine fixed-line services with demand-responsive transportation such as ridepooling. In this paper, we present an integrated optimization model for line planning and strategic ridepooling that explicitly incorporates passenger routing into the planning process. Building on previous work on integrated line planning and strategic ridepooling as well as Change&Go networks, we develop a model for the integration of line planning and strategic ridepooling that minimizes the total travel time of all passengers while respecting a given budget. The resulting mixed-integer optimization model simultaneously determines line frequencies, ridepooling capacities, and passenger routes, capturing interactions between the two different transportation modes – one line-based mode and one mode without fixed lines and timetables – and still accounts for travel times, transfer times, and capacity decisions within a single optimization model. Focusing on an applicable model, we show how the data structure of an existing line planning model with integrated passenger routing in a Change&Go network can be improved, rendering the problem solvable for medium-sized instances. We consider the optimization model as a bi-criteria problem with the objective functions of travel time and operating cost, and compute pareto-optimal solutions with a budget constraint method. Our computational experiments on benchmark instances demonstrate the applicability of the model and show that integrating passenger routing into the strategic planning process yields multimodal transport systems that dominate solutions from approaches based on fixed routings.
Cite as

Lena Dittrich, Sven Jäger, and Anita Schöbel. Integrated Line Planning and Strategic Ridepooling: Minimizing the Passengers' Travel Time. In 26th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 147, pp. 11:1-11:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{dittrich_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2026.11,
  author =	{Dittrich, Lena and J\"{a}ger, Sven and Sch\"{o}bel, Anita},
  title =	{{Integrated Line Planning and Strategic Ridepooling: Minimizing the Passengers' Travel Time}},
  booktitle =	{26th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2026)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:18},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-453-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{147},
  editor =	{Cacchiani, Valentina and Funke, Stefan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2026.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-278078},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2026.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-modal planning, Line planning, Ridepooling, Integrated models}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.10
Periodic Timetabling: Travel Time vs. Regenerative Energy

Authors: Sven Jäger, Sarah Roth, and Anita Schöbel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 123, 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)

Abstract
While it is important to provide attractive public transportation to the passengers allowing short travel times, it should also be a major concern to reduce the amount of energy used by the public transport system. Electrical trains can regenerate energy when braking, which can be used by a nearby accelerating train. Therefore, apart from the minimization of travel times, the maximization of brake-traction overlaps of nearby trains is an important objective in periodic timetabling. Recently, this has been studied in a model allowing small modifications of a nominal timetable. We investigate the problem of finding periodic timetables that are globally good in both objective functions. We show that the general problem is NP-hard, even restricted to a single transfer station and if only travel time is to be minimized, and give an algorithm with an additive error bound for maximizing the brake-traction overlap on this small network. Moreover, we identify special cases in which the problem is solvable in polynomial time. Finally, we demonstrate the trade-off between the two objective functions in an experimental study.
Cite as

Sven Jäger, Sarah Roth, and Anita Schöbel. Periodic Timetabling: Travel Time vs. Regenerative Energy. In 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 123, pp. 10:1-10:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{jager_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.10,
  author =	{J\"{a}ger, Sven and Roth, Sarah and Sch\"{o}bel, Anita},
  title =	{{Periodic Timetabling: Travel Time vs. Regenerative Energy}},
  booktitle =	{24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:20},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-350-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{123},
  editor =	{Bouman, Paul C. and Kontogiannis, Spyros C.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211983},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: periodic timetabling, regenerative braking}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.17
Computing User Equilibria for Schedule-Based Transit Networks with Hard Vehicle Capacities

Authors: Tobias Harks, Sven Jäger, Michael Markl, and Philine Schiewe

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 123, 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)

Abstract
Modelling passenger assignments in public transport networks is a fundamental task for city planners, especially when deliberating network infrastructure decisions. A key aspect of a realistic model for passenger assignments is to integrate selfish routing behaviour of passengers on the one hand, and the limited vehicle capacities on the other hand. We formulate a side-constrained user equilibrium model in a schedule-based time-expanded transit network, where passengers are modelled via a continuum of non-atomic agents that want to travel with a fixed start time from a user-specific origin to a destination. An agent’s route may comprise several rides along given lines, each using vehicles with hard loading capacities. We give a characterization of (side-constrained) user equilibria via a quasi-variational inequality and prove their existence by generalizing a well-known existence result of Bernstein and Smith (Transp. Sci., 1994). We further derive a polynomial time algorithm for single-commodity instances and an exact finite time algorithm for the multi-commodity case. Based on our quasi-variational characterization, we finally devise a fast heuristic computing user equilibria, which is tested on real-world instances based on data gained from the Hamburg S-Bahn system and the Swiss long-distance train network. It turns out that w.r.t. the total travel time, the computed user-equilibria are quite efficient compared to a system optimum, which neglects equilibrium constraints and only minimizes total travel time.
Cite as

Tobias Harks, Sven Jäger, Michael Markl, and Philine Schiewe. Computing User Equilibria for Schedule-Based Transit Networks with Hard Vehicle Capacities. In 24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 123, pp. 17:1-17:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{harks_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.17,
  author =	{Harks, Tobias and J\"{a}ger, Sven and Markl, Michael and Schiewe, Philine},
  title =	{{Computing User Equilibria for Schedule-Based Transit Networks with Hard Vehicle Capacities}},
  booktitle =	{24th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:17},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-350-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{123},
  editor =	{Bouman, Paul C. and Kontogiannis, Spyros C.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-212054},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: traffic assignment, side-constrained equilibrium, public transportation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.66
Gray Codes and Symmetric Chains

Authors: Petr Gregor, Sven Jäger, Torsten Mütze, Joe Sawada, and Kaja Wille

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract
We consider the problem of constructing a cyclic listing of all bitstrings of length 2n+1 with Hamming weights in the interval [n+1-l,n+l], where 1 <= l <= n+1, by flipping a single bit in each step. This is a far-ranging generalization of the well-known middle two levels problem (l=1). We provide a solution for the case l=2 and solve a relaxed version of the problem for general values of l, by constructing cycle factors for those instances. Our proof uses symmetric chain decompositions of the hypercube, a concept known from the theory of posets, and we present several new constructions of such decompositions. In particular, we construct four pairwise edge-disjoint symmetric chain decompositions of the n-dimensional hypercube for any n >= 12.
Cite as

Petr Gregor, Sven Jäger, Torsten Mütze, Joe Sawada, and Kaja Wille. Gray Codes and Symmetric Chains. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 66:1-66:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{gregor_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.66,
  author =	{Gregor, Petr and J\"{a}ger, Sven and M\"{u}tze, Torsten and Sawada, Joe and Wille, Kaja},
  title =	{{Gray Codes and Symmetric Chains}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{66:1--66:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.66},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-90703},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.66},
  annote =	{Keywords: Gray code, Hamilton cycle, hypercube, poset, symmetric chain}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.43
Generalizing the Kawaguchi-Kyan Bound to Stochastic Parallel Machine Scheduling

Authors: Sven Jäger and Martin Skutella

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 96, 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)

Abstract
Minimizing the sum of weighted completion times on m identical parallel machines is one of the most important and classical scheduling problems. For the stochastic variant where processing times of jobs are random variables, Möhring, Schulz, and Uetz (1999) presented the first and still best known approximation result, achieving, for arbitrarily many machines, performance ratio 1+1/2(1+Delta), where Delta is an upper bound on the squared coefficient of variation of the processing times. We prove performance ratio 1+1/2(sqrt(2)-1)(1+Delta) for the same underlying algorithm---the Weighted Shortest Expected Processing Time (WSEPT) rule. For the special case of deterministic scheduling (i.e., Delta=0), our bound matches the tight performance ratio 1/2(1+sqrt(2)) of this algorithm (WSPT rule), derived by Kawaguchi and Kyan in a 1986 landmark paper. We present several further improvements for WSEPT's performance ratio, one of them relying on a carefully refined analysis of WSPT yielding, for every fixed number of machines m, WSPT's exact performance ratio of order 1/2(1+sqrt(2))-O(1/m^2).
Cite as

Sven Jäger and Martin Skutella. Generalizing the Kawaguchi-Kyan Bound to Stochastic Parallel Machine Scheduling. In 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 96, pp. 43:1-43:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{jager_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2018.43,
  author =	{J\"{a}ger, Sven and Skutella, Martin},
  title =	{{Generalizing the Kawaguchi-Kyan Bound to Stochastic Parallel Machine Scheduling}},
  booktitle =	{35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)},
  pages =	{43:1--43:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-062-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{96},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Vall\'{e}e, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.43},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-85034},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.43},
  annote =	{Keywords: Stochastic Scheduling, Parallel Machines, Approximation Algorithm, List Scheduling, Weighted Shortest (Expected) Processing Time Rule}
}

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