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Documents authored by Jonsson, Peter

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2024.15
CSPs with Few Alien Constraints

Authors: Peter Jonsson, Victor Lagerkvist, and George Osipov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 307, 30th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2024)

Abstract
The constraint satisfaction problem asks to decide if a set of constraints over a relational structure 𝒜 is satisfiable (CSP(𝒜)). We consider CSP(𝒜 ∪ ℬ) where 𝒜 is a structure and ℬ is an alien structure, and analyse its (parameterized) complexity when at most k alien constraints are allowed. We establish connections and obtain transferable complexity results to several well-studied problems that previously escaped classification attempts. Our novel approach, utilizing logical and algebraic methods, yields an FPT versus pNP dichotomy for arbitrary finite structures and sharper dichotomies for Boolean structures and first-order reducts of (ℕ, =) (equality CSPs), together with many partial results for general ω-categorical structures.
Cite as

Peter Jonsson, Victor Lagerkvist, and George Osipov. CSPs with Few Alien Constraints. In 30th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 307, pp. 15:1-15:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{jonsson_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2024.15,
  author =	{Jonsson, Peter and Lagerkvist, Victor and Osipov, George},
  title =	{{CSPs with Few Alien Constraints}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2024)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-336-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{307},
  editor =	{Shaw, Paul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2024.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207005},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2024.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Constraint satisfaction, parameterized complexity, hybrid theories}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.11
Parameterized Complexity Classification for Interval Constraints

Authors: Konrad K. Dabrowski, Peter Jonsson, Sebastian Ordyniak, George Osipov, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Roohani Sharma

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 285, 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)

Abstract
Constraint satisfaction problems form a nicely behaved class of problems that lends itself to complexity classification results. From the point of view of parameterized complexity, a natural task is to classify the parameterized complexity of MinCSP problems parameterized by the number of unsatisfied constraints. In other words, we ask whether we can delete at most k constraints, where k is the parameter, to get a satisfiable instance. In this work, we take a step towards classifying the parameterized complexity for an important infinite-domain CSP: Allen’s interval algebra (IA). This CSP has closed intervals with rational endpoints as domain values and employs a set A of 13 basic comparison relations such as "precedes" or "during" for relating intervals. IA is a highly influential and well-studied formalism within AI and qualitative reasoning that has numerous applications in, for instance, planning, natural language processing and molecular biology. We provide an FPT vs. W[1]-hard dichotomy for MinCSP(Γ) for all Γ ⊆ A. IA is sometimes extended with unions of the relations in A or first-order definable relations over A, but extending our results to these cases would require first solving the parameterized complexity of Directed Symmetric Multicut, which is a notorious open problem. Already in this limited setting, we uncover connections to new variants of graph cut and separation problems. This includes hardness proofs for simultaneous cuts or feedback arc set problems in directed graphs, as well as new tractable cases with algorithms based on the recently introduced flow augmentation technique. Given the intractability of MinCSP(A) in general, we then consider (parameterized) approximation algorithms. We first show that MinCSP(A) cannot be polynomial-time approximated within any constant factor and continue by presenting a factor-2 fpt-approximation algorithm. Once again, this algorithm has its roots in flow augmentation.
Cite as

Konrad K. Dabrowski, Peter Jonsson, Sebastian Ordyniak, George Osipov, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Roohani Sharma. Parameterized Complexity Classification for Interval Constraints. In 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 285, pp. 11:1-11:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{dabrowski_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.11,
  author =	{Dabrowski, Konrad K. and Jonsson, Peter and Ordyniak, Sebastian and Osipov, George and Pilipczuk, Marcin and Sharma, Roohani},
  title =	{{Parameterized Complexity Classification for Interval Constraints}},
  booktitle =	{18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-305-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{285},
  editor =	{Misra, Neeldhara and Wahlstr\"{o}m, Magnus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194306},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: (minimum) constraint satisfaction problem, Allen’s interval algebra, parameterized complexity, cut problems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.32
Reasoning Short Cuts in Infinite Domain Constraint Satisfaction: Algorithms and Lower Bounds for Backdoors

Authors: Peter Jonsson, Victor Lagerkvist, and Sebastian Ordyniak

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 210, 27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2021)

Abstract
A backdoor in a finite-domain CSP instance is a set of variables where each possible instantiation moves the instance into a polynomial-time solvable class. Backdoors have found many applications in artificial intelligence and elsewhere, and the algorithmic problem of finding such backdoors has consequently been intensively studied. Sioutis and Janhunen (KI, 2019) have proposed a generalised backdoor concept suitable for infinite-domain CSP instances over binary constraints. We generalise their concept into a large class of CSPs that allow for higher-arity constraints. We show that this kind of infinite-domain backdoors have many of the positive computational properties that finite-domain backdoors have: the associated computational problems are fixed-parameter tractable whenever the underlying constraint language is finite. On the other hand, we show that infinite languages make the problems considerably harder.
Cite as

Peter Jonsson, Victor Lagerkvist, and Sebastian Ordyniak. Reasoning Short Cuts in Infinite Domain Constraint Satisfaction: Algorithms and Lower Bounds for Backdoors. In 27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 210, pp. 32:1-32:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{jonsson_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2021.32,
  author =	{Jonsson, Peter and Lagerkvist, Victor and Ordyniak, Sebastian},
  title =	{{Reasoning Short Cuts in Infinite Domain Constraint Satisfaction: Algorithms and Lower Bounds for Backdoors}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2021)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-211-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{210},
  editor =	{Michel, Laurent D.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-153238},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Constraint Satisfaction Problems, Parameterised Complexity, Backdoors}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.43
Why are CSPs Based on Partition Schemes Computationally Hard?

Authors: Peter Jonsson and Victor Lagerkvist

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 117, 43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018)

Abstract
Many computational problems arising in, for instance, artificial intelligence can be realized as infinite-domain constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) based on partition schemes: a set of pairwise disjoint binary relations (containing the equality relation) whose union spans the underlying domain and which is closed under converse. We first consider partition schemes that contain a strict partial order and where the constraint language contains all unions of the basic relations; such CSPs are frequently occurring in e.g. temporal and spatial reasoning. We identify three properties of such orders which, when combined, are sufficient to establish NP-hardness of the CSP. This result explains, in a uniform way, many existing hardness results from the literature. More importantly, this result enables us to prove that CSPs of this kind are not solvable in subexponential time unless the exponential-time hypothesis (ETH) fails. We continue by studying constraint languages based on partition schemes but where relations are built using disjunctions instead of unions; such CSPs appear naturally when analysing first-order definable constraint languages. We prove that such CSPs are NP-hard even in very restricted settings and that they are not solvable in subexponential time under the randomised ETH. In certain cases, we can additionally show that they cannot be solved in O(c^n) time for any c >= 0.
Cite as

Peter Jonsson and Victor Lagerkvist. Why are CSPs Based on Partition Schemes Computationally Hard?. In 43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 117, pp. 43:1-43:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{jonsson_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.43,
  author =	{Jonsson, Peter and Lagerkvist, Victor},
  title =	{{Why are CSPs Based on Partition Schemes Computationally Hard?}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018)},
  pages =	{43:1--43:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-086-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{117},
  editor =	{Potapov, Igor and Spirakis, Paul and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.43},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-96257},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.43},
  annote =	{Keywords: Constraint satisfaction problems, infinite domains, partition schemes, lower bounds}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.17
Time Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction via Universal Algebra

Authors: Peter Jonsson, Victor Lagerkvist, and Biman Roy

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 83, 42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017)

Abstract
The exponential-time hypothesis (ETH) states that 3-SAT is not solvable in subexponential time, i.e. not solvable in O(c^n) time for arbitrary c > 1, where n denotes the number of variables. Problems like k-SAT can be viewed as special cases of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), which is the problem of determining whether a set of constraints is satisfiable. In this paper we study the worst-case time complexity of NP-complete CSPs. Our main interest is in the CSP problem parameterized by a constraint language Gamma (CSP(Gamma)), and how the choice of Gamma affects the time complexity. It is believed that CSP(Gamma) is either tractable or NP-complete, and the algebraic CSP dichotomy conjecture gives a sharp delineation of these two classes based on algebraic properties of constraint languages. Under this conjecture and the ETH, we first rule out the existence of subexponential algorithms for finite domain NP-complete CSP(Gamma) problems. This result also extends to certain infinite-domain CSPs and structurally restricted CSP(Gamma) problems. We then begin a study of the complexity of NP-complete CSPs where one is allowed to arbitrarily restrict the values of individual variables, which is a very well-studied subclass of CSPs. For such CSPs with finite domain D, we identify a relation SD such that (1) CSP({SD}) is NP-complete and (2) if CSP(Gamma) over D is NP-complete and solvable in O(c^n) time, then CSP({SD}) is solvable in O(c^n) time, too. Hence, the time complexity of CSP({SD}) is a lower bound for all CSPs of this particular kind. We also prove that the complexity of CSP({SD}) is decreasing when |D| increases, unless the ETH is false. This implies, for instance, that for every c>1 there exists a finite-domain Gamma such that CSP(Gamma) is NP complete and solvable in O(c^n) time.
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Peter Jonsson, Victor Lagerkvist, and Biman Roy. Time Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction via Universal Algebra. In 42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 83, pp. 17:1-17:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{jonsson_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.17,
  author =	{Jonsson, Peter and Lagerkvist, Victor and Roy, Biman},
  title =	{{Time Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction via Universal Algebra}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-046-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{83},
  editor =	{Larsen, Kim G. and Bodlaender, Hans L. and Raskin, Jean-Francois},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-80710},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Clone Theory, Universal Algebra, Constraint Satisfaction Problems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2016.20
The Complexity of Phylogeny Constraint Satisfaction

Authors: Manuel Bodirsky, Peter Jonsson, and Trung Van Pham

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 47, 33rd Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2016)

Abstract
We systematically study the computational complexity of a broad class of computational problems in phylogenetic reconstruction. The class contains for example the rooted triple consistency problem, forbidden subtree problems, the quartet consistency problem, and many other problems studied in the bioinformatics literature. The studied problems can be described as constraint satisfaction problems where the constraints have a first-order definition over the rooted triple relation. We show that every such phylogeny problem can be solved in polynomial time or is NP-complete. On the algorithmic side, we generalize a well-known polynomial-time algorithm of Aho, Sagiv, Szymanski, and Ullman for the rooted triple consistency problem. Our algorithm repeatedly solves linear equation systems to construct a solution in polynomial time. We then show that every phylogeny problem that cannot be solved by our algorithm is NP-complete. Our classification establishes a dichotomy for a large class of infinite structures that we believe is of independent interest in universal algebra, model theory, and topology. The proof of our main result combines results and techniques from various research areas: a recent classification of the model-complete cores of the reducts of the homogeneous binary branching C-relation, Leeb’s Ramsey theorem for rooted trees, and universal algebra.
Cite as

Manuel Bodirsky, Peter Jonsson, and Trung Van Pham. The Complexity of Phylogeny Constraint Satisfaction. In 33rd Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 47, pp. 20:1-20:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{bodirsky_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2016.20,
  author =	{Bodirsky, Manuel and Jonsson, Peter and Van Pham, Trung},
  title =	{{The Complexity of Phylogeny Constraint Satisfaction}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2016)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-001-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{47},
  editor =	{Ollinger, Nicolas and Vollmer, Heribert},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2016.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-57218},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2016.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: constraint satisfaction problems, computational complexity, phylogenetic reconstruction, ramsey theory, model theory}
}
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