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Documents authored by Narayanan, Lata

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2021.57
Group Evacuation on a Line by Agents with Different Communication Abilities

Authors: Jurek Czyzowicz, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, Denis Pankratov, and Sunil Shende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 212, 32nd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2021)

Abstract
We consider evacuation of a group of n ≥ 2 autonomous mobile agents (or robots) from an unknown exit on an infinite line. The agents are initially placed at the origin of the line and can move with any speed up to the maximum speed 1 in any direction they wish and they all can communicate when they are co-located. However, the agents have different wireless communication abilities: while some are fully wireless and can send and receive messages at any distance, a subset of the agents are senders, they can only transmit messages wirelessly, and the rest are receivers, they can only receive messages wirelessly. The agents start at the same time and their communication abilities are known to each other from the start. Starting at the origin of the line, the goal of the agents is to collectively find a target/exit at an unknown location on the line while minimizing the evacuation time, defined as the time when the last agent reaches the target. We investigate the impact of such a mixed communication model on evacuation time on an infinite line for a group of cooperating agents. In particular, we provide evacuation algorithms and analyze the resulting competitive ratio (CR) of the evacuation time for such a group of agents. If the group has two agents of two different types, we give an optimal evacuation algorithm with competitive ratio CR = 3+2√2. If there is a single sender or fully wireless agent, and multiple receivers we prove that CR ∈ [2+√5,5], and if there are multiple senders and a single receiver or fully wireless agent, we show that CR ∈ [3,5.681319]. Any group consisting of only senders or only receivers requires competitive ratio 9, and any other combination of agents has competitive ratio 3.
Cite as

Jurek Czyzowicz, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, Denis Pankratov, and Sunil Shende. Group Evacuation on a Line by Agents with Different Communication Abilities. In 32nd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 212, pp. 57:1-57:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{czyzowicz_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2021.57,
  author =	{Czyzowicz, Jurek and Killick, Ryan and Kranakis, Evangelos and Krizanc, Danny and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Pankratov, Denis and Shende, Sunil},
  title =	{{Group Evacuation on a Line by Agents with Different Communication Abilities}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2021)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-214-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{212},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Sadakane, Kunihiko},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2021.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-154903},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2021.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: Agent, Communication, Evacuation, Mobile, Receiver, Search, Sender}
}
Document
Track C: Foundations of Networks and Multi-Agent Systems: Models, Algorithms and Information Management
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.137
Energy Consumption of Group Search on a Line

Authors: Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Manuel Lafond, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
Consider two robots that start at the origin of the infinite line in search of an exit at an unknown location on the line. The robots can collaborate in the search, but can only communicate if they arrive at the same location at exactly the same time, i.e. they use the so-called face-to-face communication model. The group search time is defined as the worst-case time as a function of d, the distance of the exit from the origin, when both robots can reach the exit. It has long been known that for a single robot traveling at unit speed, the search time is at least 9d - o(d); a simple doubling strategy achieves this time bound. It was shown recently in [Chrobak et al., 2015] that k >= 2 robots traveling at unit speed also require at least 9d group search time. We investigate energy-time trade-offs in group search by two robots, where the energy loss experienced by a robot traveling a distance x at constant speed s is given by s^2 x, as motivated by energy consumption models in physics and engineering. Specifically, we consider the problem of minimizing the total energy used by the robots, under the constraints that the search time is at most a multiple c of the distance d and the speed of the robots is bounded by b. Motivation for this study is that for the case when robots must complete the search in 9d time with maximum speed one (b=1; c=9), a single robot requires at least 9d energy, while for two robots, all previously proposed algorithms consume at least 28d/3 energy. When the robots have bounded memory and can use only a constant number of fixed speeds, we generalize an algorithm described in [Baeza-Yates and Schott, 1995; Chrobak et al., 2015] to obtain a family of algorithms parametrized by pairs of b,c values that can solve the problem for the entire spectrum of these pairs for which the problem is solvable. In particular, for each such pair, we determine optimal (and in some cases nearly optimal) algorithms inducing the lowest possible energy consumption. We also propose a novel search algorithm that simultaneously achieves search time 9d and consumes energy 8.42588d. Our result shows that two robots can search on the line in optimal time 9d while consuming less total energy than a single robot within the same search time. Our algorithm uses robots that have unbounded memory, and a finite number of dynamically computed speeds. It can be generalized for any c, b with cb=9, and consumes energy 8.42588b^2d.
Cite as

Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Manuel Lafond, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende. Energy Consumption of Group Search on a Line. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 137:1-137:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{czyzowicz_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.137,
  author =	{Czyzowicz, Jurek and Georgiou, Konstantinos and Killick, Ryan and Kranakis, Evangelos and Krizanc, Danny and Lafond, Manuel and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Shende, Sunil},
  title =	{{Energy Consumption of Group Search on a Line}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{137:1--137:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.137},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-107138},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.137},
  annote =	{Keywords: Evacuation, Exit, Line, Face-to-face Communication, Robots, Search}
}
Document
Track C: Foundations of Networks and Multi-Agent Systems: Models, Algorithms and Information Management
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.139
Exploration of High-Dimensional Grids by Finite Automata

Authors: Stefan Dobrev, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Denis Pankratov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
We consider the problem of finding a treasure at an unknown point of an n-dimensional infinite grid, n >= 3, by initially collocated finite automaton agents (scouts/robots). Recently, the problem has been well characterized for 2 dimensions for deterministic as well as randomized agents, both in synchronous and semi-synchronous models [S. Brandt et al., 2018; Y. Emek et al., 2015]. It has been conjectured that n+1 randomized agents are necessary to solve this problem in the n-dimensional grid [L. Cohen et al., 2017]. In this paper we disprove the conjecture in a strong sense: we show that three randomized synchronous agents suffice to explore an n-dimensional grid for any n. Our algorithm is optimal in terms of the number of the agents. Our key insight is that a constant number of finite automaton agents can, by their positions and movements, implement a stack, which can store the path being explored. We also show how to implement our algorithm using: four randomized semi-synchronous agents; four deterministic synchronous agents; or five deterministic semi-synchronous agents. We give a different algorithm that uses 4 deterministic semi-synchronous agents for the 3-dimensional grid. This is provably optimal, and surprisingly, matches the result for 2 dimensions. For n >= 4, the time complexity of the solutions mentioned above is exponential in distance D of the treasure from the starting point of the agents. We show that in the deterministic case, one additional agent brings the time down to a polynomial. Finally, we focus on algorithms that never venture much beyond the distance D. We describe an algorithm that uses O(sqrt{n}) semi-synchronous deterministic agents that never go beyond 2D, as well as show that any algorithm using 3 synchronous deterministic agents in 3 dimensions, if it exists, must travel beyond Omega(D^{3/2}) from the origin.
Cite as

Stefan Dobrev, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Denis Pankratov. Exploration of High-Dimensional Grids by Finite Automata. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 139:1-139:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{dobrev_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.139,
  author =	{Dobrev, Stefan and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Pankratov, Denis},
  title =	{{Exploration of High-Dimensional Grids by Finite Automata}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{139:1--139:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.139},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-107153},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.139},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-agent systems, finite state machines, high-dimensional grids, robot exploration, randomized agents, semi-synchronous and synchronous agents}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.16
God Save the Queen

Authors: Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 100, 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)

Abstract
Queen Daniela of Sardinia is asleep at the center of a round room at the top of the tower in her castle. She is accompanied by her faithful servant, Eva. Suddenly, they are awakened by cries of "Fire". The room is pitch black and they are disoriented. There is exactly one exit from the room somewhere along its boundary. They must find it as quickly as possible in order to save the life of the queen. It is known that with two people searching while moving at maximum speed 1 anywhere in the room, the room can be evacuated (i.e., with both people exiting) in 1 + (2 pi)/3 + sqrt{3} ~~ 4.8264 time units and this is optimal [Czyzowicz et al., DISC'14], assuming that the first person to find the exit can directly guide the other person to the exit using her voice. Somewhat surprisingly, in this paper we show that if the goal is to save the queen (possibly leaving Eva behind to die in the fire) there is a slightly better strategy. We prove that this "priority" version of evacuation can be solved in time at most 4.81854. Furthermore, we show that any strategy for saving the queen requires time at least 3 + pi/6 + sqrt{3}/2 ~~ 4.3896 in the worst case. If one or both of the queen's other servants (Biddy and/or Lili) are with her, we show that the time bounds can be improved to 3.8327 for two servants, and 3.3738 for three servants. Finally we show lower bounds for these cases of 3.6307 (two servants) and 3.2017 (three servants). The case of n >= 4 is the subject of an independent study by Queen Daniela's Royal Scientific Team.
Cite as

Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende. God Save the Queen. In 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 100, pp. 16:1-16:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{czyzowicz_et_al:LIPIcs.FUN.2018.16,
  author =	{Czyzowicz, Jurek and Georgiou, Konstantinos and Killick, Ryan and Kranakis, Evangelos and Krizanc, Danny and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Shende, Sunil},
  title =	{{God Save the Queen}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-067-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{100},
  editor =	{Ito, Hiro and Leonardi, Stefano and Pagli, Linda and Prencipe, Giuseppe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-88074},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algorithm, Evacuation, Exit, Disk, Wireless Communication, Queen, Priority, Robots, Search, Servants, Trajectory}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2017.11
Evacuating an Equilateral Triangle in the Face-to-Face Model

Authors: Huda Chuangpishit, Saeed Mehrabi, Lata Narayanan, and Jaroslav Opatrny

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 95, 21st International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2017)

Abstract
Consider k robots initially located at the centroid of an equilateral triangle T of sides of length one. The goal of the robots is to evacuate T through an exit at an unknown location on the boundary of T. Each robot can move anywhere in T independently of other robots with maximum speed one. The objective is to minimize the evacuation time, which is defined as the time required for all k robots to reach the exit. We consider the face-to-face communication model for the robots: a robot can communicate with another robot only when they meet in T. In this paper, we give upper and lower bounds for the face-to-face evacuation time by k robots. We show that for any k, any algorithm for evacuating k >= 1 robots from T requires at least sqrt(3) time. This bound is asymptotically optimal, as we show that a straightforward strategy of evacuation by k robots gives an upper bound of sqrt(3) + 3/k. For k = 3, 4, 5, 6, we show significant improvements on the obvious upper bound by giving algorithms with evacuation times of 2.0887, 1.9816, 1.876, and 1.827, respectively. For k = 2 robots, we give a lower bound of 1 + 2/sqrt(3) ~= 2.154, and an algorithm with upper bound of 2.3367 on the evacuation time.
Cite as

Huda Chuangpishit, Saeed Mehrabi, Lata Narayanan, and Jaroslav Opatrny. Evacuating an Equilateral Triangle in the Face-to-Face Model. In 21st International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 95, pp. 11:1-11:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{chuangpishit_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2017.11,
  author =	{Chuangpishit, Huda and Mehrabi, Saeed and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav},
  title =	{{Evacuating an Equilateral Triangle in the Face-to-Face Model}},
  booktitle =	{21st International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2017)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-061-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{95},
  editor =	{Aspnes, James and Bessani, Alysson and Felber, Pascal and Leit\~{a}o, Jo\~{a}o},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2017.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-86310},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2017.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed algorithms, Robots evacuation, Face-to-face communication, Equilateral triangle}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.27
Search on a Line by Byzantine Robots

Authors: Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 64, 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)

Abstract
We consider the problem of fault-tolerant parallel search on an infinite line by n robots. Starting from the origin, the robots are required to find a target at an unknown location. The robots can move with maximum speed 1 and can communicate in wireless mode among themselves. However, among the n robots, there are f robots that exhibit byzantine faults. A faulty robot can fail to report the target even after reaching it, or it can make malicious claims about having found the target when in fact it has not. Given the presence of such faulty robots, the search for the target can only be concluded when the non-faulty robots have sufficient verification that the target has been found. We aim to design algorithms that minimize the value of S_d (n, f), the time to find a target at a distance d from the origin by n robots among which f are faulty. We give several different algorithms whose running time depends on the ratio f/n, the density of faulty robots, and also prove lower bounds. Our algorithms are optimal for some densities of faulty robots.
Cite as

Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende. Search on a Line by Byzantine Robots. In 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 64, pp. 27:1-27:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{czyzowicz_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.27,
  author =	{Czyzowicz, Jurek and Georgiou, Konstantinos and Kranakis, Evangelos and Krizanc, Danny and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Shende, Sunil},
  title =	{{Search on a Line by Byzantine Robots}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-026-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{64},
  editor =	{Hong, Seok-Hee},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-67972},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Cow path problem, Parallel search, Mobile robots, Wireless communication, Byzantine faults}
}
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