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Documents authored by O'Donnell, Ryan

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.18
High-Dimensional Expanders from Chevalley Groups

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell and Kevin Pratt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 234, 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)

Abstract
Let Φ be an irreducible root system (other than G₂) of rank at least 2, let 𝔽 be a finite field with p = char 𝔽 > 3, and let G(Φ,𝔽) be the corresponding Chevalley group. We describe a strongly explicit high-dimensional expander (HDX) family of dimension rank(Φ), where G(Φ,𝔽) acts simply transitively on the top-dimensional faces; these are λ-spectral HDXs with λ → 0 as p → ∞. This generalizes a construction of Kaufman and Oppenheim (STOC 2018), which corresponds to the case Φ = A_d. Our work gives three new families of spectral HDXs of any dimension ≥ 2, and four exceptional constructions of dimension 4, 6, 7, and 8.
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Ryan O'Donnell and Kevin Pratt. High-Dimensional Expanders from Chevalley Groups. In 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 234, pp. 18:1-18:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{odonnell_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2022.18,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan and Pratt, Kevin},
  title =	{{High-Dimensional Expanders from Chevalley Groups}},
  booktitle =	{37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:26},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-241-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{234},
  editor =	{Lovett, Shachar},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165802},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: High-dimensional expanders, simplicial complexes, group theory}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.97
The SDP Value of Random 2CSPs

Authors: Amulya Musipatla, Ryan O'Donnell, Tselil Schramm, and Xinyu Wu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)

Abstract
We consider a very wide class of models for sparse random Boolean 2CSPs; equivalently, degree-2 optimization problems over {±1}ⁿ. For each model ℳ, we identify the "high-probability value" s^*_ℳ of the natural SDP relaxation (equivalently, the quantum value). That is, for all ε > 0 we show that the SDP optimum of a random n-variable instance is (when normalized by n) in the range (s^*_ℳ-ε, s^*_ℳ+ε) with high probability. Our class of models includes non-regular CSPs, and ones where the SDP relaxation value is strictly smaller than the spectral relaxation value.
Cite as

Amulya Musipatla, Ryan O'Donnell, Tselil Schramm, and Xinyu Wu. The SDP Value of Random 2CSPs. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 97:1-97:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{musipatla_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.97,
  author =	{Musipatla, Amulya and O'Donnell, Ryan and Schramm, Tselil and Wu, Xinyu},
  title =	{{The SDP Value of Random 2CSPs}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)},
  pages =	{97:1--97:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-235-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{229},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Merelli, Emanuela and Woodruff, David P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.97},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164381},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.97},
  annote =	{Keywords: Random constraint satisfaction problems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.88
Explicit Abelian Lifts and Quantum LDPC Codes

Authors: Fernando Granha Jeronimo, Tushant Mittal, Ryan O'Donnell, Pedro Paredes, and Madhur Tulsiani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 215, 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)

Abstract
For an abelian group H acting on the set [𝓁], an (H,𝓁)-lift of a graph G₀ is a graph obtained by replacing each vertex by 𝓁 copies, and each edge by a matching corresponding to the action of an element of H. Expanding graphs obtained via abelian lifts, form a key ingredient in the recent breakthrough constructions of quantum LDPC codes, (implicitly) in the fiber bundle codes by Hastings, Haah and O'Donnell [STOC 2021] achieving distance Ω̃(N^{3/5}), and in those by Panteleev and Kalachev [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2021] of distance Ω(N/log(N)). However, both these constructions are non-explicit. In particular, the latter relies on a randomized construction of expander graphs via abelian lifts by Agarwal et al. [SIAM J. Discrete Math 2019]. In this work, we show the following explicit constructions of expanders obtained via abelian lifts. For every (transitive) abelian group H ⩽ Sym(𝓁), constant degree d ≥ 3 and ε > 0, we construct explicit d-regular expander graphs G obtained from an (H,𝓁)-lift of a (suitable) base n-vertex expander G₀ with the following parameters: ii) λ(G) ≤ 2√{d-1} + ε, for any lift size 𝓁 ≤ 2^{n^{δ}} where δ = δ(d,ε), iii) λ(G) ≤ ε ⋅ d, for any lift size 𝓁 ≤ 2^{n^{δ₀}} for a fixed δ₀ > 0, when d ≥ d₀(ε), or iv) λ(G) ≤ Õ(√d), for lift size "exactly" 𝓁 = 2^{Θ(n)}. As corollaries, we obtain explicit quantum lifted product codes of Panteleev and Kalachev of almost linear distance (and also in a wide range of parameters) and explicit classical quasi-cyclic LDPC codes with wide range of circulant sizes. Items (i) and (ii) above are obtained by extending the techniques of Mohanty, O'Donnell and Paredes [STOC 2020] for 2-lifts to much larger abelian lift sizes (as a byproduct simplifying their construction). This is done by providing a new encoding of special walks arising in the trace power method, carefully "compressing" depth-first search traversals. Result (iii) is via a simpler proof of Agarwal et al. [SIAM J. Discrete Math 2019] at the expense of polylog factors in the expansion.
Cite as

Fernando Granha Jeronimo, Tushant Mittal, Ryan O'Donnell, Pedro Paredes, and Madhur Tulsiani. Explicit Abelian Lifts and Quantum LDPC Codes. In 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 215, pp. 88:1-88:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{jeronimo_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.88,
  author =	{Jeronimo, Fernando Granha and Mittal, Tushant and O'Donnell, Ryan and Paredes, Pedro and Tulsiani, Madhur},
  title =	{{Explicit Abelian Lifts and Quantum LDPC Codes}},
  booktitle =	{13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)},
  pages =	{88:1--88:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-217-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{215},
  editor =	{Braverman, Mark},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.88},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-156846},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.88},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph lifts, expander graphs, quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, quantum LDPC codes}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2021.8
Pauli Error Estimation via Population Recovery

Authors: Steven T. Flammia and Ryan O'Donnell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 197, 16th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2021)

Abstract
Motivated by estimation of quantum noise models, we study the problem of learning a Pauli channel, or more generally the Pauli error rates of an arbitrary channel. By employing a novel reduction to the "Population Recovery" problem, we give an extremely simple algorithm that learns the Pauli error rates of an n-qubit channel to precision ε in 𝓁_∞ using just O(1/ε²) log(n/ε) applications of the channel. This is optimal up to the logarithmic factors. Our algorithm uses only unentangled state preparation and measurements, and the post-measurement classical runtime is just an O(1/ε) factor larger than the measurement data size. It is also impervious to a limited model of measurement noise where heralded measurement failures occur independently with probability ≤ 1/4. We then consider the case where the noise channel is close to the identity, meaning that the no-error outcome occurs with probability 1-η. In the regime of small η we extend our algorithm to achieve multiplicative precision 1 ± ε (i.e., additive precision εη) using just O(1/(ε²η)) log(n/ε) applications of the channel.
Cite as

Steven T. Flammia and Ryan O'Donnell. Pauli Error Estimation via Population Recovery. In 16th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 197, pp. 8:1-8:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{flammia_et_al:LIPIcs.TQC.2021.8,
  author =	{Flammia, Steven T. and O'Donnell, Ryan},
  title =	{{Pauli Error Estimation via Population Recovery}},
  booktitle =	{16th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2021)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-198-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{197},
  editor =	{Hsieh, Min-Hsiu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2021.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-140034},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2021.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pauli channels, population recovery, Goldreich-Levin, sparse recovery, quantum channel tomography}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.59
Quantum Approximate Counting with Nonadaptive Grover Iterations

Authors: Ramgopal Venkateswaran and Ryan O'Donnell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 187, 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021)

Abstract
Approximate Counting refers to the problem where we are given query access to a function f : [N] → {0,1}, and we wish to estimate K = #{x : f(x) = 1} to within a factor of 1+ε (with high probability), while minimizing the number of queries. In the quantum setting, Approximate Counting can be done with O(min (√{N/ε}, √{N/K} / ε) queries. It has recently been shown that this can be achieved by a simple algorithm that only uses "Grover iterations"; however the algorithm performs these iterations adaptively. Motivated by concerns of computational simplicity, we consider algorithms that use Grover iterations with limited adaptivity. We show that algorithms using only nonadaptive Grover iterations can achieve O(√{N/ε}) query complexity, which is tight.
Cite as

Ramgopal Venkateswaran and Ryan O'Donnell. Quantum Approximate Counting with Nonadaptive Grover Iterations. In 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 187, pp. 59:1-59:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{venkateswaran_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2021.59,
  author =	{Venkateswaran, Ramgopal and O'Donnell, Ryan},
  title =	{{Quantum Approximate Counting with Nonadaptive Grover Iterations}},
  booktitle =	{38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021)},
  pages =	{59:1--59:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-180-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{187},
  editor =	{Bl\"{a}ser, Markus and Monmege, Benjamin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.59},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-137048},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.59},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantum approximate counting, Grover search}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2020.50
The SDP Value for Random Two-Eigenvalue CSPs

Authors: Sidhanth Mohanty, Ryan O'Donnell, and Pedro Paredes

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 154, 37th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2020)

Abstract
We precisely determine the SDP value (equivalently, quantum value) of large random instances of certain kinds of constraint satisfaction problems, "two-eigenvalue 2CSPs". We show this SDP value coincides with the spectral relaxation value, possibly indicating a computational threshold. Our analysis extends the previously resolved cases of random regular 2XOR and NAE-3SAT, and includes new cases such as random Sort₄ (equivalently, CHSH) and Forrelation CSPs. Our techniques include new generalizations of the nonbacktracking operator, the Ihara-Bass Formula, and the Friedman/Bordenave proof of Alon’s Conjecture.
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Sidhanth Mohanty, Ryan O'Donnell, and Pedro Paredes. The SDP Value for Random Two-Eigenvalue CSPs. In 37th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 154, pp. 50:1-50:45, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{mohanty_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2020.50,
  author =	{Mohanty, Sidhanth and O'Donnell, Ryan and Paredes, Pedro},
  title =	{{The SDP Value for Random Two-Eigenvalue CSPs}},
  booktitle =	{37th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2020)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:45},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-140-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{154},
  editor =	{Paul, Christophe and Bl\"{a}ser, Markus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2020.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-119110},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2020.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Semidefinite programming, constraint satisfaction problems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.8
Sherali - Adams Strikes Back

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell and Tselil Schramm

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 137, 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)

Abstract
Let G be any n-vertex graph whose random walk matrix has its nontrivial eigenvalues bounded in magnitude by 1/sqrt{Delta} (for example, a random graph G of average degree Theta(Delta) typically has this property). We show that the exp(c (log n)/(log Delta))-round Sherali - Adams linear programming hierarchy certifies that the maximum cut in such a G is at most 50.1 % (in fact, at most 1/2 + 2^{-Omega(c)}). For example, in random graphs with n^{1.01} edges, O(1) rounds suffice; in random graphs with n * polylog(n) edges, n^{O(1/log log n)} = n^{o(1)} rounds suffice. Our results stand in contrast to the conventional beliefs that linear programming hierarchies perform poorly for max-cut and other CSPs, and that eigenvalue/SDP methods are needed for effective refutation. Indeed, our results imply that constant-round Sherali - Adams can strongly refute random Boolean k-CSP instances with n^{ceil[k/2] + delta} constraints; previously this had only been done with spectral algorithms or the SOS SDP hierarchy.
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Ryan O'Donnell and Tselil Schramm. Sherali - Adams Strikes Back. In 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 137, pp. 8:1-8:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{odonnell_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2019.8,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan and Schramm, Tselil},
  title =	{{Sherali - Adams Strikes Back}},
  booktitle =	{34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:30},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-116-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{137},
  editor =	{Shpilka, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108309},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linear programming, Sherali, Adams, max-cut, graph eigenvalues, Sum-of-Squares}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.34
A Log-Sobolev Inequality for the Multislice, with Applications

Authors: Yuval Filmus, Ryan O'Donnell, and Xinyu Wu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 124, 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)

Abstract
Let kappa in N_+^l satisfy kappa_1 + *s + kappa_l = n, and let U_kappa denote the multislice of all strings u in [l]^n having exactly kappa_i coordinates equal to i, for all i in [l]. Consider the Markov chain on U_kappa where a step is a random transposition of two coordinates of u. We show that the log-Sobolev constant rho_kappa for the chain satisfies rho_kappa^{-1} <= n * sum_{i=1}^l 1/2 log_2(4n/kappa_i), which is sharp up to constants whenever l is constant. From this, we derive some consequences for small-set expansion and isoperimetry in the multislice, including a KKL Theorem, a Kruskal - Katona Theorem for the multislice, a Friedgut Junta Theorem, and a Nisan - Szegedy Theorem.
Cite as

Yuval Filmus, Ryan O'Donnell, and Xinyu Wu. A Log-Sobolev Inequality for the Multislice, with Applications. In 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 124, pp. 34:1-34:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{filmus_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.34,
  author =	{Filmus, Yuval and O'Donnell, Ryan and Wu, Xinyu},
  title =	{{A Log-Sobolev Inequality for the Multislice, with Applications}},
  booktitle =	{10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)},
  pages =	{34:1--34:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-095-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{124},
  editor =	{Blum, Avrim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.34},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-101279},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.34},
  annote =	{Keywords: log-Sobolev inequality, small-set expansion, conductance, hypercontractivity, Fourier analysis, representation theory, Markov chains, combinatorics}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.49
SOS Lower Bounds with Hard Constraints: Think Global, Act Local

Authors: Pravesh K. Kothari, Ryan O'Donnell, and Tselil Schramm

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 124, 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)

Abstract
Many previous Sum-of-Squares (SOS) lower bounds for CSPs had two deficiencies related to global constraints. First, they were not able to support a "cardinality constraint", as in, say, the Min-Bisection problem. Second, while the pseudoexpectation of the objective function was shown to have some value beta, it did not necessarily actually "satisfy" the constraint "objective = beta". In this paper we show how to remedy both deficiencies in the case of random CSPs, by translating global constraints into local constraints. Using these ideas, we also show that degree-Omega(sqrt{n}) SOS does not provide a (4/3 - epsilon)-approximation for Min-Bisection, and degree-Omega(n) SOS does not provide a (11/12 + epsilon)-approximation for Max-Bisection or a (5/4 - epsilon)-approximation for Min-Bisection. No prior SOS lower bounds for these problems were known.
Cite as

Pravesh K. Kothari, Ryan O'Donnell, and Tselil Schramm. SOS Lower Bounds with Hard Constraints: Think Global, Act Local. In 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 124, pp. 49:1-49:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{kothari_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.49,
  author =	{Kothari, Pravesh K. and O'Donnell, Ryan and Schramm, Tselil},
  title =	{{SOS Lower Bounds with Hard Constraints: Think Global, Act Local}},
  booktitle =	{10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)},
  pages =	{49:1--49:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-095-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{124},
  editor =	{Blum, Avrim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.49},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-101420},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.49},
  annote =	{Keywords: sum-of-squares hierarchy, random constraint satisfaction problems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.54
On Closeness to k-Wise Uniformity

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell and Yu Zhao

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 116, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)

Abstract
A probability distribution over {-1, 1}^n is (epsilon, k)-wise uniform if, roughly, it is epsilon-close to the uniform distribution when restricted to any k coordinates. We consider the problem of how far an (epsilon, k)-wise uniform distribution can be from any globally k-wise uniform distribution. We show that every (epsilon, k)-wise uniform distribution is O(n^{k/2}epsilon)-close to a k-wise uniform distribution in total variation distance. In addition, we show that this bound is optimal for all even k: we find an (epsilon, k)-wise uniform distribution that is Omega(n^{k/2}epsilon)-far from any k-wise uniform distribution in total variation distance. For k=1, we get a better upper bound of O(epsilon), which is also optimal. One application of our closeness result is to the sample complexity of testing whether a distribution is k-wise uniform or delta-far from k-wise uniform. We give an upper bound of O(n^{k}/delta^2) (or O(log n/delta^2) when k = 1) on the required samples. We show an improved upper bound of O~(n^{k/2}/delta^2) for the special case of testing fully uniform vs. delta-far from k-wise uniform. Finally, we complement this with a matching lower bound of Omega(n/delta^2) when k = 2. Our results improve upon the best known bounds from [Alon et al., 2007], and have simpler proofs.
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Ryan O'Donnell and Yu Zhao. On Closeness to k-Wise Uniformity. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 116, pp. 54:1-54:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{odonnell_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.54,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan and Zhao, Yu},
  title =	{{On Closeness to k-Wise Uniformity}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)},
  pages =	{54:1--54:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-085-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{116},
  editor =	{Blais, Eric and Jansen, Klaus and D. P. Rolim, Jos\'{e} and Steurer, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.54},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-94581},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.54},
  annote =	{Keywords: k-wise independence, property testing, Fourier analysis, Boolean function}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.59
SOS Is Not Obviously Automatizable, Even Approximately

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 67, 8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017)

Abstract
Suppose we want to minimize a polynomial p(x) = p(x_1,...,x_n), subject to some polynomial constraints q_1(x),...,q_m(x) >_ 0, using the Sum-of-Squares (SOS) SDP hierarachy. Assume we are in the "explicitly bounded" ("Archimedean") case where the constraints include x_i^2 <_ 1 for all 1 <_ i <_ n. It is often stated that the degree-d version of the SOS hierarchy can be solved, to high accuracy, in time n^O(d). Indeed, I myself have stated this in several previous works. The point of this note is to state (or remind the reader) that this is not obviously true. The difficulty comes not from the "r" in the Ellipsoid Algorithm, but from the "R"; a priori, we only know an exponential upper bound on the number of bits needed to write down the SOS solution. An explicit example is given of a degree-2 SOS program illustrating the difficulty.
Cite as

Ryan O'Donnell. SOS Is Not Obviously Automatizable, Even Approximately. In 8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 67, pp. 59:1-59:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{odonnell:LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.59,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan},
  title =	{{SOS Is Not Obviously Automatizable, Even Approximately}},
  booktitle =	{8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017)},
  pages =	{59:1--59:10},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-029-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{67},
  editor =	{Papadimitriou, Christos H.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.59},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-81980},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.59},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sum-of-Squares, semidefinite programming}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017
LIPIcs, Volume 79, CCC'17, Complete Volume

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 79, 32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017)

Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 79, CCC'17, Complete Volume
Cite as

32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 79, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@Proceedings{odonnell:LIPIcs.CCC.2017,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 79, CCC'17, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017)},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-040-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{79},
  editor =	{O'Donnell, Ryan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-76639},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017},
  annote =	{Keywords: Computation by Abstract Device}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Awards, Conference Organization, External Reviewers

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 79, 32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Awards, Conference Organization, External Reviewers, List of Authors
Cite as

32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 79, pp. 0:i-0:xiv, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{odonnell:LIPIcs.CCC.2017.0,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Awards, Conference Organization, External Reviewers}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xiv},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-040-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{79},
  editor =	{O'Donnell, Ryan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-75115},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Awards, Conference Organization, External Reviewers, List of Authors}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.15
Quantum Automata Cannot Detect Biased Coins, Even in the Limit

Authors: Guy Kindler and Ryan O'Donnell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 80, 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)

Abstract
Aaronson and Drucker (2011) asked whether there exists a quantum finite automaton that can distinguish fair coin tosses from biased ones by spending significantly more time in accepting states, on average, given an infinite sequence of tosses. We answer this question negatively.
Cite as

Guy Kindler and Ryan O'Donnell. Quantum Automata Cannot Detect Biased Coins, Even in the Limit. In 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 80, pp. 15:1-15:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{kindler_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.15,
  author =	{Kindler, Guy and O'Donnell, Ryan},
  title =	{{Quantum Automata Cannot Detect Biased Coins, Even in the Limit}},
  booktitle =	{44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:8},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-041-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{80},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Indyk, Piotr and Kuhn, Fabian and Muscholl, Anca},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73995},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantum automata}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.24
Polynomial Bounds for Decoupling, with Applications

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell and Yu Zhao

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 50, 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)

Abstract
Let f(x) = f(x_1, ..., x_n) = sum_{|S|<=k} a_S prod_{i in S} x_i be an n-variate real multilinear polynomial of degree at most k, where S subseteq [n] = {1, 2, ..., n}. For its one-block decoupled version, vf(y,z) = sum_{abs(S)<=k} a_S sum_{i in S}} y_i prod_{j in S\{i}} z_j, we show tail-bound comparisons of the form Pr(abs(vf)(y,z)) > C_k t} <= D_k Pr(abs(f(x)) > t). Our constants C_k, D_k are significantly better than those known for "full decoupling". For example, when x, y, z are independent Gaussians we obtain C_k = D_k = O(k); when x, by, z are +/-1 random variables we obtain C_k = O(k^2), D_k = k^{O(k)}. By contrast, for full decoupling only C_k = D_k = k^{O(k)} is known in these settings. We describe consequences of these results for query complexity (related to conjectures of Aaronson and Ambainis) and for analysis of Boolean functions (including an optimal sharpening of the DFKO Inequality).
Cite as

Ryan O'Donnell and Yu Zhao. Polynomial Bounds for Decoupling, with Applications. In 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 50, pp. 24:1-24:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{odonnell_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2016.24,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan and Zhao, Yu},
  title =	{{Polynomial Bounds for Decoupling, with Applications}},
  booktitle =	{31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-008-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{50},
  editor =	{Raz, Ran},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-58520},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Decoupling, Query Complexity, Fourier Analysis, Boolean Functions}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.469
One Time-traveling Bit is as Good as Logarithmically Many

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell and A. C. Cem Say

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 29, 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)

Abstract
We consider computation in the presence of closed timelike curves (CTCs), as proposed by Deutsch. We focus on the case in which the CTCs carry classical bits (as opposed to qubits). Previously, Aaronson and Watrous showed that computation with polynomially many CTC bits is equivalent in power to PSPACE. On the other hand, Say and Yakaryilmaz showed that computation with just 1 classical CTC bit gives the power of "postselection", thereby upgrading classical randomized computation (BPP) to the complexity class BPP_path and standard quantum computation (BQP) to the complexity class PP. It is natural to ask whether increasing the number of CTC bits from 1 to 2 (or 3, 4, etc.) leads to increased computational power. We show that the answer is no: randomized computation with logarithmically many CTC bits (i.e., polynomially many CTC states) is equivalent to BPP_path. (Similarly, quantum computation augmented with logarithmically many classical CTC bits is equivalent to PP.) Spoilsports with no interest in time travel may view our results as concerning the robustness of the class BPP_path and the computational complexity of sampling from an implicitly defined Markov chain.
Cite as

Ryan O'Donnell and A. C. Cem Say. One Time-traveling Bit is as Good as Logarithmically Many. In 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 29, pp. 469-480, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@InProceedings{odonnell_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.469,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan and Cem Say, A. C.},
  title =	{{One Time-traveling Bit is as Good as Logarithmically Many}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)},
  pages =	{469--480},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-77-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{29},
  editor =	{Raman, Venkatesh and Suresh, S. P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.469},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-48646},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.469},
  annote =	{Keywords: Time travel, postselection, Markov chains, randomized computation}
}
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