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Documents authored by van der Torre, Leon

Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.15.6.132
Policy Modeling and Reasoning in Sociotechnical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 25271)

Authors: Marina De Vos, Nicoletta Fornara, Munindar P. Singh, Leon van der Torre, and Jessica Woodgate

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 15, Issue 6 (2026)

Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 25271 "Policy Modeling and Reasoning in Sociotechnical Systems". This seminar brought together researchers from academia and industry who are interested in studying the intersection between computer science, philosophy, logic, ethics, and law to discuss policy modelling and reasoning in a world where computers and humans need to work together. After lightning talks, two invited talks, and an open space topic gathering activity, we settled on four topics for deeper discussion in working groups, interspersed by primer talks from the various communities. The four topics were: 1) Concepts: What are the underlying aspects of this interdisciplinary field, and can they be defined consistently? 2) Agentic AI: How can we enable agents to interact and reason with human users through large language models? 3) Standardisation: How can we facilitate data sharing and compliance in international work with competing business interests? 4) Coevolution: How can we make sure that sociotechnical systems evolve with the societies they operate in? This report provides the abstracts of the talks, including participants' lightning talks, the two invited talks, and four primers, along with short reports from each working group detailing their discussions, including challenges and future opportunities.
Cite as

Marina De Vos, Nicoletta Fornara, Munindar P. Singh, Leon van der Torre, and Jessica Woodgate. Policy Modeling and Reasoning in Sociotechnical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 25271). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 15, Issue 6, pp. 132-188, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@Article{devos_et_al:DagRep.15.6.132,
  author =	{De Vos, Marina and Fornara, Nicoletta and Singh, Munindar P. and van der Torre, Leon and Woodgate, Jessica},
  title =	{{Policy Modeling and Reasoning in Sociotechnical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 25271)}},
  pages =	{132--188},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{15},
  number =	{6},
  editor =	{De Vos, Marina and Fornara, Nicoletta and Singh, Munindar P. and van der Torre, Leon and Woodgate, Jessica},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.15.6.132},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255747},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.15.6.132},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-agent Systems, Norms and Values, Policy Modelling, Standardisation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.5.3.162
Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 15131)

Authors: Amit K. Chopra, Leon van der Torre, Harko Verhagen, and Serena Villata

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 5, Issue 3 (2015)

Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 15131 "Normative Multi-Agent Systems". Normative systems are systems in the behavior of which norms play a role and which need normative concepts in order to be described or specified. A normative multi-agent system combines models for normative systems (dealing for example with obligations, permissions and prohibitions) with models for multi-agent systems. Normative multi-agent systems provide a promising model for human and artificial agent coordination because they integrate norms and individual intelligence. They are a prime example of the use of sociological theories in multi-agent systems, and therefore of the relation between agent theory—both multi-agent systems and autonomous agents—and the social sciences—sociology, philosophy, economics, legal science, etc. The aim of this Dagstuhl Seminar was to feature two fresh themes in broader computing and software engineering: social computing and governance. These themes are highly interdisciplinary, bringing together research strands from computing, information sciences, economics, sociology, and psychology. Further there is considerable excitement about these areas in academia, industry, and public policy organizations. Our third theme was agreement technologies, a more traditional topic but nonetheless relevant for the NorMAS community. A norm is a fundamental social construct. Norms define the essential fabric of a society. Our purpose in this seminar was to explore the connections of norms to each of the themes, especially from a computational perspective. Moreover, the seminar has been conceived for the writing of a volume titled "Handbook of Normative Multi Agent Systems" aimed to become a standard reference in the field and to provide guidelines for future research in normative multi-agent systems.
Cite as

Amit K. Chopra, Leon van der Torre, Harko Verhagen, and Serena Villata. Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 15131). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 162-176, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@Article{chopra_et_al:DagRep.5.3.162,
  author =	{Chopra, Amit K. and van der Torre, Leon and Verhagen, Harko and Villata, Serena},
  title =	{{Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 15131)}},
  pages =	{162--176},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{5},
  number =	{3},
  editor =	{Chopra, Amit K. and van der Torre, Leon and Verhagen, Harko and Villata, Serena},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.5.3.162},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-52710},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.5.3.162},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative Multiagent Systems, Autonomous agents and Multiagent systems, Social Computing, Governance, Agreement Technologies, Norms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.2.3.23
Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 12111)

Authors: Giulia Andrighetto, Guido Governatori, Pablo Noriega, and Leon van der Torre

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 2, Issue 3 (2012)

Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 12111 ``Normative Multi-Agent Systems''. Normative systems are systems in the behavior of which norms play a role and which need normative concepts in order to be described or specified. A normative multi-agent system combines models for normative systems (dealing for example with obligations, permissions and prohibitions) with models for multi-agent systems. Norms have been proposed in multi-agent systems and computer science to deal with issues of coordination, security, electronic commerce and institutions, agent organization. However, due to the lack of a unified theory, many multi-agent system researchers are presently developing their own ad hoc concepts and applications. The aim of this Dagstuhl Seminar was to formulate a collective appraisal of the current perspectives in the field and the most promising venues for future activity. In particular, the seminar has been conceived for the writing of a volume titled "A Prospective view of Normative Multi Agent Systems" aimed to become a standard reference in the field and to provide guidelines for future research in normative multi-agent systems.
Cite as

Giulia Andrighetto, Guido Governatori, Pablo Noriega, and Leon van der Torre. Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 12111). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 23-49, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@Article{andrighetto_et_al:DagRep.2.3.23,
  author =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Governatori, Guido and Noriega, Pablo and van der Torre, Leon},
  title =	{{Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 12111)}},
  pages =	{23--49},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{3},
  editor =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Governatori, Guido and Noriega, Pablo and van der Torre, Leon},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.2.3.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35358},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.2.3.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative Multiagent systems, Autonomous agents and Multiagent systems, Agreement Technologies, Norms}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006
OASIcs, Volume 3, Trustworthy SW'06, Complete Volume

Authors: Serge Autexier, Stephan Merz, Leon van der Torre, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Pierre Wolper

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 3, Workshop on Trustworthy Software (2006)

Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 3, Trustworthy SW'06, Complete Volume
Cite as

Workshop on Trustworthy Software. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@Proceedings{autexier_et_al:OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006,
  title =	{{OASIcs, Volume 3, Trustworthy SW'06, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{Workshop on Trustworthy Software},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-02-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{3},
  editor =	{Autexier, Serge and Merz, Stephan and van der Torre, Leon and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Wolper, Pierre},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35659},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006},
  annote =	{Keywords: Software/Program Verification}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.758
Abstracts Collection -- Workshop Trustworthy Software 2006

Authors: Serge Autexier, Stephan Merz, Leon van der Torre, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Pierre Wolper

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 3, Workshop on Trustworthy Software (2006)

Abstract
On 18-19 May 2006, the Saarland University organized a two-day workshop about "Trustworthy Software" in order to present and foster the research competence in the SaarLorLuxWallonie region in the area of developing safe, secure and reliable software, computers and networks. As part of the Interreg III C E-Bird project "Recherches sans fronti\`eres/Forschen ohne Grenzen" it provided an excellent forum especially for young scientists to present and discuss recent results, new ideas and future research directions to a transnational audience from the SaarLorLuxWallonie region. The workshop consisted of 21 regular presentations and one invited talk. Abstracts of all presentations are collected in this paper, including links to extended abstracts or full papers. The first section directs to the preface of the proceedings.
Cite as

Serge Autexier, Stephan Merz, Leon van der Torre, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Pierre Wolper. Abstracts Collection -- Workshop Trustworthy Software 2006. In Workshop on Trustworthy Software. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 3, pp. 1-7, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{autexier_et_al:OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.758,
  author =	{Autexier, Serge and Merz, Stephan and van der Torre, Leon and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Wolper, Pierre},
  title =	{{Abstracts Collection -- Workshop Trustworthy Software 2006}},
  booktitle =	{Workshop on Trustworthy Software},
  pages =	{1--7},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-02-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{3},
  editor =	{Autexier, Serge and Merz, Stephan and van der Torre, Leon and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Wolper, Pierre},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.758},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-7588},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.758},
  annote =	{Keywords: Software evolution, Modularity, Automated debugging, Dependability assurance, Failure analysis, Static program analysis, Infinite and Finite-state verification, Runtime verification, Theorem proving, Access control, Security analysis, Security protocols, E-Voting}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.693
Preface -- Workshop Trustworthy Software 2006

Authors: Serge Autexier, Stephan Merz, Leon van der Torre, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Pierre Wolper

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 3, Workshop on Trustworthy Software (2006)

Abstract
As part of the Interreg III C/E-Bird project "Recherches sans fronti\`eres/Forschen ohne Grenzen" the Saarland University organized a two-day workshop about "Trustworthy Software" in order to present and foster the research competence in the SaarLorLuxWallonie region in the area of developing safe, secure and reliable software, computers and networks. The workshop especially provided a forum for young scientists to present their research to a transnational audience from the SaarLorLuxWallonie region and consisted of 21 regular presentations and one invited presentation.
Cite as

Workshop on Trustworthy Software. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 3, pp. i-vi, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{autexier_et_al:OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.693,
  author =	{Autexier, Serge and Merz, Stephan and van der Torre, Leon and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Wolper, Pierre},
  title =	{{Preface -- Workshop Trustworthy Software 2006}},
  booktitle =	{Workshop on Trustworthy Software},
  pages =	{i--vi},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-02-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{3},
  editor =	{Autexier, Serge and Merz, Stephan and van der Torre, Leon and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Wolper, Pierre},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.693},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6932},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.TrustworthySW.2006.693},
  annote =	{Keywords: Trustworthy software, preface}
}
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