Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 370, 20th Scandinavian Symposium on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2026)
Boris Aronov, Mayank Goswami, John Iacono, and Indu Ramesh. On the Fragile Complexity of Geometric Algorithms. In 20th Scandinavian Symposium on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 370, pp. 2:1-2:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{aronov_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2026.2,
author = {Aronov, Boris and Goswami, Mayank and Iacono, John and Ramesh, Indu},
title = {{On the Fragile Complexity of Geometric Algorithms}},
booktitle = {20th Scandinavian Symposium on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2026)},
pages = {2:1--2:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-421-5},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {370},
editor = {Fraigniaud, Pierre},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2026.2},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-260386},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2026.2},
annote = {Keywords: Fragile complexity, convex hull, maxima, closest pair, algorithmic complexity}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)
Prosenjit Bose, Jean-Lou De Carufel, John Stuart, and Darryl Hill. The Spanning Ratio of the Directed Θ₆-Graph Is 5. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 20:1-20:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{bose_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.20,
author = {Bose, Prosenjit and De Carufel, Jean-Lou and Stuart, John and Hill, Darryl},
title = {{The Spanning Ratio of the Directed \Theta₆-Graph Is 5}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
pages = {20:1--20:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-418-5},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {367},
editor = {Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.20},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258268},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.20},
annote = {Keywords: Geometric Spanners, Theta Graphs, Directed Theta Graphs, Spanning Ratio, Computational Geometry}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)
Sujoy Bhore, Sándor Kisfaludi‑Bak, Lazar Milenković, Csaba D. Tóth, Karol Węgrzycki, and Sampson Wong. Euclidean Noncrossing Steiner Spanners of Nearly Optimal Sparsity. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 15:1-15:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{bhore_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.15,
author = {Bhore, Sujoy and Kisfaludi‑Bak, S\'{a}ndor and Milenkovi\'{c}, Lazar and T\'{o}th, Csaba D. and W\k{e}grzycki, Karol and Wong, Sampson},
title = {{Euclidean Noncrossing Steiner Spanners of Nearly Optimal Sparsity}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
pages = {15:1--15:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-418-5},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {367},
editor = {Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.15},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258210},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.15},
annote = {Keywords: geometric network design, spanners, crossing number, incidences}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)
Hung Le, Lazar Milenković, Shay Solomon, and Cuong Than. Tree-Like Shortcuttings of Trees. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 70:1-70:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{le_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.70,
author = {Le, Hung and Milenkovi\'{c}, Lazar and Solomon, Shay and Than, Cuong},
title = {{Tree-Like Shortcuttings of Trees}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
pages = {70:1--70:15},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-418-5},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {367},
editor = {Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.70},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258776},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.70},
annote = {Keywords: spanner, tree shortcutting, arboricity, treewidth}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)
Thomas Schibler, Jie Xue, and Jiumu Zhu. Approximating Convex Hulls via Range Queries. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 89:1-89:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{schibler_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.89,
author = {Schibler, Thomas and Xue, Jie and Zhu, Jiumu},
title = {{Approximating Convex Hulls via Range Queries}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
pages = {89:1--89:15},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-418-5},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {367},
editor = {Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.89},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258956},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.89},
annote = {Keywords: convex hull, range searching}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)
Gitan Balogh, June Cagan, Bea Fatima, Auguste H. Gezalyan, Danesh Sivakumar, Arushi Srinivasan, Yixuan Sun, Vahe Zaprosyan, and David M. Mount. Proximity Alert: Ipelets for Neighborhood Graphs and Clustering (Media Exposition). In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 99:1-99:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{balogh_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.99,
author = {Balogh, Gitan and Cagan, June and Fatima, Bea and Gezalyan, Auguste H. and Sivakumar, Danesh and Srinivasan, Arushi and Sun, Yixuan and Zaprosyan, Vahe and Mount, David M.},
title = {{Proximity Alert: Ipelets for Neighborhood Graphs and Clustering}},
booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
pages = {99:1--99:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-418-5},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {367},
editor = {Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.99},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-259058},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.99},
annote = {Keywords: neighborhood graphs, clustering, proximity graphs, Ipelets, visualization}
}
Published in: OASIcs, Volume 140, 7th Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2026)
Koki Asahina and Yasuhiko Nakashima. Integrated Memory Grouping and Power-Aware MBIST Scheduling for MPSoCs. In 7th Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 140, pp. 3:1-3:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{asahina_et_al:OASIcs.NG-RES.2026.3,
author = {Asahina, Koki and Nakashima, Yasuhiko},
title = {{Integrated Memory Grouping and Power-Aware MBIST Scheduling for MPSoCs}},
booktitle = {7th Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2026)},
pages = {3:1--3:13},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-415-4},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2026},
volume = {140},
editor = {Ali, Hazem Ismail and Kurunathan, Harrison},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2026.3},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254214},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2026.3},
annote = {Keywords: MBIST, DfT, Memory Grouping, Power-Aware Scheduling}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)
George Christodoulou, Elias Koutsoupias, Annamária Kovács, and Ioannis Vlachos. The Communication Complexity of Combinatorial Auctions in Graphs. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 27:1-27:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{christodoulou_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.27,
author = {Christodoulou, George and Koutsoupias, Elias and Kov\'{a}cs, Annam\'{a}ria and Vlachos, Ioannis},
title = {{The Communication Complexity of Combinatorial Auctions in Graphs}},
booktitle = {43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
pages = {27:1--27:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-412-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {364},
editor = {Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.27},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255163},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.27},
annote = {Keywords: Auctions, Communication Complexity, Mechanism Design, Graphs}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)
Cezar-Mihail Alexandru, Adithya Diddapur, Magnús M. Halldórsson, Christian Konrad, and Kheeran K. Naidu. Unit Interval Selection in Random Order Streams. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 4:1-4:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{alexandru_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.4,
author = {Alexandru, Cezar-Mihail and Diddapur, Adithya and Halld\'{o}rsson, Magn\'{u}s M. and Konrad, Christian and Naidu, Kheeran K.},
title = {{Unit Interval Selection in Random Order Streams}},
booktitle = {43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
pages = {4:1--4:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-412-3},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {364},
editor = {Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.4},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254933},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.4},
annote = {Keywords: Random order streaming algorithms, unit interval selection}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Marco Aldi, Sevag Gharibian, and Dorian Rudolph. An Unholy Trinity: TFNP, Polynomial Systems, and the Quantum Satisfiability Problem. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 7:1-7:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{aldi_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.7,
author = {Aldi, Marco and Gharibian, Sevag and Rudolph, Dorian},
title = {{An Unholy Trinity: TFNP, Polynomial Systems, and the Quantum Satisfiability Problem}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {7:1--7:24},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.7},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-252946},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.7},
annote = {Keywords: quantum complexity theory, Quantum Merlin Arthur (QMA), Quantum Satisfiability Problem (QSAT), total function NP (TFNP)}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Niv Gilboa and Daniel Weber. Lower Bounds on FSS from Dynamic Data Structures. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 71:1-71:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{gilboa_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.71,
author = {Gilboa, Niv and Weber, Daniel},
title = {{Lower Bounds on FSS from Dynamic Data Structures}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {71:1--71:22},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.71},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253585},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.71},
annote = {Keywords: FSS, Data Structures, Lower Bounds, Black-Box Reductions}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Aadityan Ganesh, Clayton Thomas, and S. Matthew Weinberg. Characterizing Off-Chain Influence Proof Transaction Fee Mechanisms. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 65:1-65:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{ganesh_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.65,
author = {Ganesh, Aadityan and Thomas, Clayton and Weinberg, S. Matthew},
title = {{Characterizing Off-Chain Influence Proof Transaction Fee Mechanisms}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {65:1--65:23},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.65},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253527},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.65},
annote = {Keywords: Transaction Fee Mechanism Design, Off-Chain Influence Proofness, Blockchain, Decentralized Finance, Simple Auctions}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Hanlin Ren, Yichuan Wang, and Yan Zhong. Hardness of Range Avoidance and Proof Complexity Generators from Demi-Bits. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 111:1-111:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{ren_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.111,
author = {Ren, Hanlin and Wang, Yichuan and Zhong, Yan},
title = {{Hardness of Range Avoidance and Proof Complexity Generators from Demi-Bits}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {111:1--111:25},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.111},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253982},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.111},
annote = {Keywords: Range Avoidance, Proof Complexity Generators}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Martijn Brehm and Nicolas Resch. Linear Time Encodable Binary Code Achieving GV Bound with Linear Time Encodable Dual Achieving GV Bound. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 28:1-28:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{brehm_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.28,
author = {Brehm, Martijn and Resch, Nicolas},
title = {{Linear Time Encodable Binary Code Achieving GV Bound with Linear Time Encodable Dual Achieving GV Bound}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {28:1--28:19},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.28},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253157},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.28},
annote = {Keywords: Binary error-correcting codes, dual codes, fast encoding, repeat-multiple-accumulate codes}
}
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)
Yanyi Liu and Rafael Pass. One-Way Functions and Boundary Hardness of Randomized Time-Bounded Kolmogorov Complexity. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 97:1-97:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)
@InProceedings{liu_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.97,
author = {Liu, Yanyi and Pass, Rafael},
title = {{One-Way Functions and Boundary Hardness of Randomized Time-Bounded Kolmogorov Complexity}},
booktitle = {17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
pages = {97:1--97:19},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-410-9},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2026},
volume = {362},
editor = {Saraf, Shubhangi},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.97},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253849},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.97},
annote = {Keywords: One-way functions, Time-Bounded Kolmogorov Complexity, Worst-case to Average-case Reductions}
}