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Documents authored by Göbel, Andreas

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RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.38
Perfect Sampling for Hard Spheres from Strong Spatial Mixing

Authors: Konrad Anand, Andreas Göbel, Marcus Pappik, and Will Perkins

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 275, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023)

Abstract
We provide a perfect sampling algorithm for the hard-sphere model on subsets of R^d with expected running time linear in the volume under the assumption of strong spatial mixing. A large number of perfect and approximate sampling algorithms have been devised to sample from the hard-sphere model, and our perfect sampling algorithm is efficient for a range of parameters for which only efficient approximate samplers were previously known and is faster than these known approximate approaches. Our methods also extend to the more general setting of Gibbs point processes interacting via finite-range, repulsive potentials.
Cite as

Konrad Anand, Andreas Göbel, Marcus Pappik, and Will Perkins. Perfect Sampling for Hard Spheres from Strong Spatial Mixing. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 275, pp. 38:1-38:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{anand_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.38,
  author =	{Anand, Konrad and G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Pappik, Marcus and Perkins, Will},
  title =	{{Perfect Sampling for Hard Spheres from Strong Spatial Mixing}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-296-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{275},
  editor =	{Megow, Nicole and Smith, Adam},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-188638},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: perfect sampling, hard-sphere model, Gibbs point processes}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.62
Cliques in High-Dimensional Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs

Authors: Tobias Friedrich, Andreas Göbel, Maximilian Katzmann, and Leon Schiller

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
A recent trend in the context of graph theory is to bring theoretical analyses closer to empirical observations, by focusing the studies on random graph models that are used to represent practical instances. There, it was observed that geometric inhomogeneous random graphs (GIRGs) yield good representations of complex real-world networks, by expressing edge probabilities as a function that depends on (heterogeneous) vertex weights and distances in some underlying geometric space that the vertices are distributed in. While most of the parameters of the model are understood well, it was unclear how the dimensionality of the ground space affects the structure of the graphs. In this paper, we complement existing research into the dimension of geometric random graph models and the ongoing study of determining the dimensionality of real-world networks, by studying how the structure of GIRGs changes as the number of dimensions increases. We prove that, in the limit, GIRGs approach non-geometric inhomogeneous random graphs and present insights on how quickly the decay of the geometry impacts important graph structures. In particular, we study the expected number of cliques of a given size as well as the clique number and characterize phase transitions at which their behavior changes fundamentally. Finally, our insights help in better understanding previous results about the impact of the dimensionality on geometric random graphs.
Cite as

Tobias Friedrich, Andreas Göbel, Maximilian Katzmann, and Leon Schiller. Cliques in High-Dimensional Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 62:1-62:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{friedrich_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.62,
  author =	{Friedrich, Tobias and G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Katzmann, Maximilian and Schiller, Leon},
  title =	{{Cliques in High-Dimensional Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{62:1--62:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.62},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181147},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.62},
  annote =	{Keywords: random graphs, geometry, dimensionality, cliques, clique number, scale-free networks}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.66
A Spectral Independence View on Hard Spheres via Block Dynamics

Authors: Tobias Friedrich, Andreas Göbel, Martin S. Krejca, and Marcus Pappik

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)

Abstract
The hard-sphere model is one of the most extensively studied models in statistical physics. It describes the continuous distribution of spherical particles, governed by hard-core interactions. An important quantity of this model is the normalizing factor of this distribution, called the partition function. We propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for approximating the grand-canonical partition function of the hard-sphere model in d dimensions. Up to a fugacity of λ < e/2^d, the runtime of our algorithm is polynomial in the volume of the system. This covers the entire known real-valued regime for the uniqueness of the Gibbs measure. Key to our approach is to define a discretization that closely approximates the partition function of the continuous model. This results in a discrete hard-core instance that is exponential in the size of the initial hard-sphere model. Our approximation bound follows directly from the correlation decay threshold of an infinite regular tree with degree equal to the maximum degree of our discretization. To cope with the exponential blow-up of the discrete instance we use clique dynamics, a Markov chain that was recently introduced in the setting of abstract polymer models. We prove rapid mixing of clique dynamics up to the tree threshold of the univariate hard-core model. This is achieved by relating clique dynamics to block dynamics and adapting the spectral expansion method, which was recently used to bound the mixing time of Glauber dynamics within the same parameter regime.
Cite as

Tobias Friedrich, Andreas Göbel, Martin S. Krejca, and Marcus Pappik. A Spectral Independence View on Hard Spheres via Block Dynamics. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 66:1-66:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{friedrich_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.66,
  author =	{Friedrich, Tobias and G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Krejca, Martin S. and Pappik, Marcus},
  title =	{{A Spectral Independence View on Hard Spheres via Block Dynamics}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{66:1--66:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.66},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-141353},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.66},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hard-sphere Model, Markov Chain, Partition Function, Gibbs Distribution, Approximate Counting, Spectral Independence}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.91
On Counting (Quantum-)Graph Homomorphisms in Finite Fields of Prime Order

Authors: J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski, Andreas Göbel, Katrin Casel, and Tobias Friedrich

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)

Abstract
We study the problem of counting the number of homomorphisms from an input graph G to a fixed (quantum) graph ̄{H} in any finite field of prime order ℤ_p. The subproblem with graph H was introduced by Faben and Jerrum [ToC'15] and its complexity is still uncharacterised despite active research, e.g. the very recent work of Focke, Goldberg, Roth, and Zivný [SODA'21]. Our contribution is threefold. First, we introduce the study of quantum graphs to the study of modular counting homomorphisms. We show that the complexity for a quantum graph ̄{H} collapses to the complexity criteria found at dimension 1: graphs. Second, in order to prove cases of intractability we establish a further reduction to the study of bipartite graphs. Lastly, we establish a dichotomy for all bipartite (K_{3,3}$1{e}, {domino})-free graphs by a thorough structural study incorporating both local and global arguments. This result subsumes all results on bipartite graphs known for all prime moduli and extends them significantly. Even for the subproblem with p = 2 this establishes new results.
Cite as

J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski, Andreas Göbel, Katrin Casel, and Tobias Friedrich. On Counting (Quantum-)Graph Homomorphisms in Finite Fields of Prime Order. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 91:1-91:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{lagodzinski_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.91,
  author =	{Lagodzinski, J. A. Gregor and G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Casel, Katrin and Friedrich, Tobias},
  title =	{{On Counting (Quantum-)Graph Homomorphisms in Finite Fields of Prime Order}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{91:1--91:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.91},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-141608},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.91},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algorithms, Theory, Quantum Graphs, Bipartite Graphs, Graph Homomorphisms, Modular Counting, Complexity Dichotomy}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.49
Counting Homomorphisms to Trees Modulo a Prime

Authors: Andreas Göbel, J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski, and Karen Seidel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 117, 43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018)

Abstract
Many important graph theoretic notions can be encoded as counting graph homomorphism problems, such as partition functions in statistical physics, in particular independent sets and colourings. In this article we study the complexity of #_pHomsToH, the problem of counting graph homomorphisms from an input graph to a graph H modulo a prime number p. Dyer and Greenhill proved a dichotomy stating that the tractability of non-modular counting graph homomorphisms depends on the structure of the target graph. Many intractable cases in non-modular counting become tractable in modular counting due to the common phenomenon of cancellation. In subsequent studies on counting modulo 2, however, the influence of the structure of H on the tractability was shown to persist, which yields similar dichotomies. Our main result states that for every tree H and every prime p the problem #_pHomsToH is either polynomial time computable or #_pP-complete. This relates to the conjecture of Faben and Jerrum stating that this dichotomy holds for every graph H when counting modulo 2. In contrast to previous results on modular counting, the tractable cases of #_pHomsToH are essentially the same for all values of the modulo when H is a tree. To prove this result, we study the structural properties of a homomorphism. As an important interim result, our study yields a dichotomy for the problem of counting weighted independent sets in a bipartite graph modulo some prime p. These results are the first suggesting that such dichotomies hold not only for the one-bit functions of the modulo 2 case but also for the modular counting functions of all primes p.
Cite as

Andreas Göbel, J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski, and Karen Seidel. Counting Homomorphisms to Trees Modulo a Prime. In 43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 117, pp. 49:1-49:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{gobel_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.49,
  author =	{G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Lagodzinski, J. A. Gregor and Seidel, Karen},
  title =	{{Counting Homomorphisms to Trees Modulo a Prime}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018)},
  pages =	{49:1--49:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-086-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{117},
  editor =	{Potapov, Igor and Spirakis, Paul and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.49},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-96315},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.49},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algorithms, Theory, Graph Homomorphisms, Counting Modulo a Prime, Complexity Dichotomy}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.62
Amplifiers for the Moran Process

Authors: Andreas Galanis, Andreas Göbel, Leslie Ann Goldberg, John Lapinskas, and David Richerby

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 55, 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)

Abstract
The Moran process, as studied by Lieberman, Hauert and Nowak, is a randomised algorithm modelling the spread of genetic mutations in populations. The algorithm runs on an underlying graph where individuals correspond to vertices. Initially, one vertex (chosen uniformly at random) possesses a mutation, with fitness r > 1. All other individuals have fitness 1. During each step of the algorithm, an individual is chosen with probability proportional to its fitness, and its state (mutant or non-mutant) is passed on to an out-neighbour which is chosen uniformly at random. If the underlying graph is strongly connected then the algorithm will eventually reach fixation, in which all individuals are mutants, or extinction, in which no individuals are mutants. An infinite family of directed graphs is said to be strongly amplifying if, for every r > 1, the extinction probability tends to 0 as the number of vertices increases. Strong amplification is a rather surprising property - it means that in such graphs, the fixation probability of a uniformly-placed initial mutant tends to 1 even though the initial mutant only has a fixed selective advantage of r > 1 (independently of n). The name "strongly amplifying" comes from the fact that this selective advantage is "amplified". Strong amplifiers have received quite a bit of attention, and Lieberman et al. proposed two potentially strongly-amplifying families - superstars and metafunnels. Heuristic arguments have been published, arguing that there are infinite families of superstars that are strongly amplifying. The same has been claimed for metafunnels. We give the first rigorous proof that there is an infinite family of directed graphs that is strongly amplifying. We call the graphs in the family "megastars". When the algorithm is run on an n-vertex graph in this family, starting with a uniformly-chosen mutant, the extinction probability is roughly n^{-1/2} (up to logarithmic factors). We prove that all infinite families of superstars and metafunnels have larger extinction probabilities (as a function of n). Finally, we prove that our analysis of megastars is fairly tight - there is no infinite family of megastars such that the Moran algorithm gives a smaller extinction probability (up to logarithmic factors). Also, we provide a counterexample which clarifies the literature concerning the isothermal theorem of Lieberman et al. A full version [Galanis/Göbel/Goldberg/Lapinskas/Richerby, Preprint] containing detailed proofs is available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05632. Theorem-numbering here matches the full version.
Cite as

Andreas Galanis, Andreas Göbel, Leslie Ann Goldberg, John Lapinskas, and David Richerby. Amplifiers for the Moran Process. In 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 55, pp. 62:1-62:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{galanis_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.62,
  author =	{Galanis, Andreas and G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Goldberg, Leslie Ann and Lapinskas, John and Richerby, David},
  title =	{{Amplifiers for the Moran Process}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)},
  pages =	{62:1--62:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-013-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Mitzenmacher, Michael and Rabani, Yuval and Sangiorgi, Davide},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.62},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-62227},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.62},
  annote =	{Keywords: Moran process, randomised algorithm on graphs, evolutionary dynamics}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2014.350
Counting Homomorphisms to Cactus Graphs Modulo 2

Authors: Andreas Göbel, Leslie Ann Goldberg, and David Richerby

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 25, 31st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2014)

Abstract
A homomorphism from a graph G to a graph H is a function from V(G) to V(H) that preserves edges. Many combinatorial structures that arise in mathematics and computer science can be represented naturally as graph homomorphisms and as weighted sums of graph homomorphisms. In this paper, we study the complexity of counting homomorphisms modulo 2. The complexity of modular counting was introduced by Papadimitriou and Zachos and it has been pioneered by Valiant who famously introduced a problem for which counting modulo 7 is easy but counting modulo 2 is intractable. Modular counting provides a rich setting in which to study the structure of homomorphism problems. In this case, the structure of the graph H has a big influence on the complexity of the problem. Thus, our approach is graph-theoretic. We give a complete solution for the class of cactus graphs, which are connected graphs in which every edge belongs to at most one cycle. Cactus graphs arise in many applications such as the modelling of wireless sensor networks and the comparison of genomes. We show that, for some cactus graphs H, counting homomorphisms to H modulo 2 can be done in polynomial time. For every other fixed cactus graph H, the problem is complete for the complexity class +P which is a wide complexity class to which every problem in the polynomial hierarchy can be reduced (using randomised reductions). Determining which H lead to tractable problems can be done in polynomial time. Our result builds upon the work of Faben and Jerrum, who gave a dichotomy for the case in which H is a tree.
Cite as

Andreas Göbel, Leslie Ann Goldberg, and David Richerby. Counting Homomorphisms to Cactus Graphs Modulo 2. In 31st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2014). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 25, pp. 350-361, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@InProceedings{gobel_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2014.350,
  author =	{G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Goldberg, Leslie Ann and Richerby, David},
  title =	{{Counting Homomorphisms to Cactus Graphs Modulo 2}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2014)},
  pages =	{350--361},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-65-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{25},
  editor =	{Mayr, Ernst W. and Portier, Natacha},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2014.350},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-44700},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2014.350},
  annote =	{Keywords: modular counting, homomorphisms, cactus graph, graph algorithms}
}
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