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Documents authored by Kitamura, Naoki

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65
A Nearly Linear Time Construction of Approximate Single-Source Distance Sensitivity Oracles

Authors: Kaito Harada, Naoki Kitamura, Taisuke Izumi, and Toshimitsu Masuzawa

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
An α-approximate vertex fault-tolerant distance sensitivity oracle (α-VSDO) for a weighted input graph G = (V, E, w) and a source vertex s ∈ V is the data structure answering an α-approximate distance from s to t in G-x for any given query (x, t) ∈ V × V. It is a data structure version of the so-called single-source replacement path problem (SSRP). In this paper, we present a new nearly linear-time algorithm of constructing a (1 + ε)-VSDO for any directed input graph with polynomially bounded integer edge weights. More precisely, the presented oracle attains Õ(m log (nW)/ ε + n log² (nW)/ε²) construction time, Õ(n log (nW) / ε) size, and Õ(1/ε) query time, where n is the number of vertices, m is the number of edges, and W is the maximum edge weight. These bounds are all optimal up to polylogarithmic factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-trivial algorithm for SSRP/VSDO beating Õ(mn) computation time for directed graphs with general edge weight functions, and also the first nearly linear-time construction breaking approximation factor 3. Such a construction has been unknown even for undirected and unweighted graphs. In addition, our result implies that the known conditional lower bounds for the exact SSRP computation does not apply to the case of approximation.
Cite as

Kaito Harada, Naoki Kitamura, Taisuke Izumi, and Toshimitsu Masuzawa. A Nearly Linear Time Construction of Approximate Single-Source Distance Sensitivity Oracles. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 65:1-65:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{harada_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65,
  author =	{Harada, Kaito and Kitamura, Naoki and Izumi, Taisuke and Masuzawa, Toshimitsu},
  title =	{{A Nearly Linear Time Construction of Approximate Single-Source Distance Sensitivity Oracles}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{65:1--65:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211367},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.65},
  annote =	{Keywords: data structure, distance sensitivity oracle, replacement path problem, graph algorithm}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SAND.2023.2
Partial Gathering of Mobile Agents in Dynamic Tori

Authors: Masahiro Shibata, Naoki Kitamura, Ryota Eguchi, Yuichi Sudo, Junya Nakamura, and Yonghwan Kim

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 257, 2nd Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks (SAND 2023)

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the partial gathering problem of mobile agents in synchronous dynamic tori. The partial gathering problem is a generalization of the (well-investigated) total gathering problem, which requires that all k agents distributed in the network terminate at a non-predetermined single node. The partial gathering problem requires, for a given positive integer g (< k), that agents terminate in a configuration such that either at least g agents or no agent exists at each node. So far, in almost cases, the partial gathering problem has been considered in static graphs. As only one exception, it is considered in a kind of dynamic rings called 1-interval connected rings, that is, one of the links in the ring may be missing at each time step. In this paper, we consider partial gathering in another dynamic topology. Concretely, we consider it in n× n dynamic tori such that each of row rings and column rings is represented as a 1-interval connected ring. In such networks, when k = O(gn), focusing on the relationship between the values of k, n, and g, we aim to characterize the solvability of the partial gathering problem and analyze the move complexity of the proposed algorithms when the problem can be solved. First, we show that agents cannot solve the problem when k = o(gn), which means that Ω (gn) agents are necessary to solve the problem. Second, we show that the problem can be solved with the total number of O(gn³) moves when 2gn+2n-1 ≤ k ≤ 2gn + 6n +16g -12. Finally, we show that the problem can be solved with the total number of O(gn²) moves when k ≥ 2gn + 6n +16g -11. From these results, we show that our algorithms can solve the partial gathering problem in dynamic tori with the asymptotically optimal number Θ (gn) of agents. In addition, we show that agents require a total number of Ω(gn²) moves to solve the partial gathering problem in dynamic tori when k = Θ(gn). Thus, when k ≥ 2gn+6n+16g -11, our algorithm can solve the problem with asymptotically optimal number O(gn²) of agent moves.
Cite as

Masahiro Shibata, Naoki Kitamura, Ryota Eguchi, Yuichi Sudo, Junya Nakamura, and Yonghwan Kim. Partial Gathering of Mobile Agents in Dynamic Tori. In 2nd Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks (SAND 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 257, pp. 2:1-2:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{shibata_et_al:LIPIcs.SAND.2023.2,
  author =	{Shibata, Masahiro and Kitamura, Naoki and Eguchi, Ryota and Sudo, Yuichi and Nakamura, Junya and Kim, Yonghwan},
  title =	{{Partial Gathering of Mobile Agents in Dynamic Tori}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks (SAND 2023)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-275-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{257},
  editor =	{Doty, David and Spirakis, Paul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAND.2023.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-179387},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAND.2023.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: distributed system, mobile agents, partial gathering, dynamic tori}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2022.11
Computational Power of a Single Oblivious Mobile Agent in Two-Edge-Connected Graphs

Authors: Taichi Inoue, Naoki Kitamura, Taisuke Izumi, and Toshimitsu Masuzawa

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 253, 26th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2022)

Abstract
We investigated the computational power of a single mobile agent in an n-node graph with storage (i.e., node memory). Generally, a system with one-bit agent memory and O(1)-bit storage is as powerful as that with O(n)-bit agent memory and O(1)-bit storage. Thus, we focus on the difference between one-bit memory and oblivious (i.e., zero-bit memory) agents. Although their computational powers are not equivalent, all the known results exhibiting such a difference rely on the fact that oblivious agents cannot transfer any information from one side to the other across the bridge edge. Hence, our main question is as follows: Are the computational powers of one-bit memory and oblivious agents equivalent in 2-edge-connected graphs or not? The main contribution of this study is to answer this question under the relaxed assumption that each node has O(logΔ)-bit storage (where Δ is the maximum degree of the graph). We present an algorithm for simulating any algorithm for a single one-bit memory agent using an oblivious agent with O(n²)-time overhead per round. Our results imply that the topological structure of graphs differentiating the computational powers of oblivious and non-oblivious agents is completely characterized by the existence of bridge edges.
Cite as

Taichi Inoue, Naoki Kitamura, Taisuke Izumi, and Toshimitsu Masuzawa. Computational Power of a Single Oblivious Mobile Agent in Two-Edge-Connected Graphs. In 26th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 253, pp. 11:1-11:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{inoue_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2022.11,
  author =	{Inoue, Taichi and Kitamura, Naoki and Izumi, Taisuke and Masuzawa, Toshimitsu},
  title =	{{Computational Power of a Single Oblivious Mobile Agent in Two-Edge-Connected Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{26th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2022)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-265-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{253},
  editor =	{Hillel, Eshcar and Palmieri, Roberto and Rivi\`{e}re, Etienne},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2022.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-176311},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2022.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: mobile agent, depth-first search, space complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25
Low-Congestion Shortcut and Graph Parameters

Authors: Naoki Kitamura, Hirotaka Kitagawa, Yota Otachi, and Taisuke Izumi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 146, 33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019)

Abstract
Distributed graph algorithms in the standard CONGEST model often exhibit the time-complexity lower bound of Omega~(sqrt{n} + D) rounds for many global problems, where n is the number of nodes and D is the diameter of the input graph. Since such a lower bound is derived from special "hard-core" instances, it does not necessarily apply to specific popular graph classes such as planar graphs. The concept of low-congestion shortcuts is initiated by Ghaffari and Haeupler [SODA2016] for addressing the design of CONGEST algorithms running fast in restricted network topologies. Specifically, given a specific graph class X, an f-round algorithm of constructing shortcuts of quality q for any instance in X results in O~(q + f)-round algorithms of solving several fundamental graph problems such as minimum spanning tree and minimum cut, for X. The main interest on this line is to identify the graph classes allowing the shortcuts which are efficient in the sense of breaking O~(sqrt{n}+D)-round general lower bounds. In this paper, we consider the relationship between the quality of low-congestion shortcuts and three major graph parameters, chordality, diameter, and clique-width. The main contribution of the paper is threefold: (1) We show an O(1)-round algorithm which constructs a low-congestion shortcut with quality O(kD) for any k-chordal graph, and prove that the quality and running time of this construction is nearly optimal up to polylogarithmic factors. (2) We present two algorithms, each of which constructs a low-congestion shortcut with quality O~(n^{1/4}) in O~(n^{1/4}) rounds for graphs of D=3, and that with quality O~(n^{1/3}) in O~(n^{1/3}) rounds for graphs of D=4 respectively. These results obviously deduce two MST algorithms running in O~(n^{1/4}) and O~(n^{1/3}) rounds for D=3 and 4 respectively, which almost close the long-standing complexity gap of the MST construction in small-diameter graphs originally posed by Lotker et al. [Distributed Computing 2006]. (3) We show that bounding clique-width does not help the construction of good shortcuts by presenting a network topology of clique-width six where the construction of MST is as expensive as the general case.
Cite as

Naoki Kitamura, Hirotaka Kitagawa, Yota Otachi, and Taisuke Izumi. Low-Congestion Shortcut and Graph Parameters. In 33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 146, pp. 25:1-25:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{kitamura_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25,
  author =	{Kitamura, Naoki and Kitagawa, Hirotaka and Otachi, Yota and Izumi, Taisuke},
  title =	{{Low-Congestion Shortcut and Graph Parameters}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-126-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{146},
  editor =	{Suomela, Jukka},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-113328},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: distributed graph algorithms, low-congestion shortcut, k-chordal graph, clique width, minimum spanning tree}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.26
Uniform Distribution On Pachinko

Authors: Naoki Kitamura, Yuya Kawabata, and Taisuke Izumi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 100, 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)

Abstract
Pachinko is a japanese mechanical gambling game similar to pinball. Recently, Akitaya et al. proposed several mathematical models of Pachinko. A number of pins are spiked in a field. A ball drops from the top-side end of the playfield, and falls down. In the 50-50 model, if the ball hits a pin, it moves to the left or right of the pin with equal probability. An arrangement of pins generates a distribution of the drop probability over all columns. We consider the problem of generating uniform distributions. Akitaya et al. show that (1/2^{{a}})-uniform distribution is possible for {a} in {0,1,2,3,4} and conjectured that it is possible for any positive integer a. In this paper, we show that the conjecture is true by a constructive way.
Cite as

Naoki Kitamura, Yuya Kawabata, and Taisuke Izumi. Uniform Distribution On Pachinko. In 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 100, pp. 26:1-26:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{kitamura_et_al:LIPIcs.FUN.2018.26,
  author =	{Kitamura, Naoki and Kawabata, Yuya and Izumi, Taisuke},
  title =	{{Uniform Distribution On Pachinko}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-067-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{100},
  editor =	{Ito, Hiro and Leonardi, Stefano and Pagli, Linda and Prencipe, Giuseppe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-88170},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pachinko, discrete mathematics}
}
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