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Documents authored by Meintrup, Johannes

Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.55
Exploiting Automorphisms of Temporal Graphs for Fast Exploration and Rendezvous

Authors: Konstantinos Dogeas, Thomas Erlebach, Frank Kammer, Johannes Meintrup, and William K. Moses Jr.

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
Temporal graphs are dynamic graphs where the edge set can change in each time step, while the vertex set stays the same. Exploration of temporal graphs whose snapshot in each time step is a connected graph, called connected temporal graphs, has been widely studied. In this paper, we extend the concept of graph automorphisms from static graphs to temporal graphs and show for the first time that symmetries enable faster exploration: We prove that a connected temporal graph with n vertices and orbit number r (i.e., r is the number of automorphism orbits) can be explored in O(r n^{1+ε}) time steps, for any fixed ε > 0. For r = O(n^c) for constant c < 1, this is a significant improvement over the known tight worst-case bound of Θ(n²) time steps for arbitrary connected temporal graphs. We also give two lower bounds for temporal exploration, showing that Ω(n log n) time steps are required for some inputs with r = O(1) and that Ω(rn) time steps are required for some inputs for any r with 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Moreover, we show that the techniques we develop for fast exploration can be used to derive the following result for rendezvous: Two agents with different programs and without communication ability are placed by an adversary at arbitrary vertices and given full information about the connected temporal graph, except that they do not have consistent vertex labels. Then the two agents can meet at a common vertex after O(n^{1+ε}) time steps, for any constant ε > 0. For some connected temporal graphs with the orbit number being a constant, we also present a complementary lower bound of Ω(nlog n) time steps.
Cite as

Konstantinos Dogeas, Thomas Erlebach, Frank Kammer, Johannes Meintrup, and William K. Moses Jr.. Exploiting Automorphisms of Temporal Graphs for Fast Exploration and Rendezvous. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 55:1-55:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{dogeas_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.55,
  author =	{Dogeas, Konstantinos and Erlebach, Thomas and Kammer, Frank and Meintrup, Johannes and Moses Jr., William K.},
  title =	{{Exploiting Automorphisms of Temporal Graphs for Fast Exploration and Rendezvous}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{55:1--55:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.55},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201989},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.55},
  annote =	{Keywords: dynamic graphs, parameterized algorithms, algorithmic graph theory, graph automorphism, orbit number}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.13.8.1
Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition (Dagstuhl Seminar 23331)

Authors: George Karypis, Christian Schulz, Darren Strash, Deepak Ajwani, Rob H. Bisseling, Katrin Casel, Ümit V. Çatalyürek, Cédric Chevalier, Florian Chudigiewitsch, Marcelo Fonseca Faraj, Michael Fellows, Lars Gottesbüren, Tobias Heuer, Kamer Kaya, Jakub Lacki, Johannes Langguth, Xiaoye Sherry Li, Ruben Mayer, Johannes Meintrup, Yosuke Mizutani, François Pellegrini, Fabrizio Petrini, Frances Rosamond, Ilya Safro, Sebastian Schlag, Roohani Sharma, Blair D. Sullivan, Bora Uçar, and Albert-Jan Yzelman

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 8 (2024)

Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 23331 "Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition", which took place from 13. August to 18. August, 2023. The seminar brought together 33 experts from academia and industry to discuss graph decomposition, a pivotal technique for handling massive graphs in applications such as social networks and scientific simulations. The seminar addressed the challenges posed by contemporary hardware designs, the potential of deep neural networks and reinforcement learning in developing heuristics, the unique optimization requirements of large sparse data, and the need for scalable algorithms suitable for emerging architectures. Through presentations, discussions, and collaborative sessions, the event fostered an exchange of innovative ideas, leading to the creation of community notes highlighting key open problems in the field.
Cite as

George Karypis, Christian Schulz, Darren Strash, Deepak Ajwani, Rob H. Bisseling, Katrin Casel, Ümit V. Çatalyürek, Cédric Chevalier, Florian Chudigiewitsch, Marcelo Fonseca Faraj, Michael Fellows, Lars Gottesbüren, Tobias Heuer, Kamer Kaya, Jakub Lacki, Johannes Langguth, Xiaoye Sherry Li, Ruben Mayer, Johannes Meintrup, Yosuke Mizutani, François Pellegrini, Fabrizio Petrini, Frances Rosamond, Ilya Safro, Sebastian Schlag, Roohani Sharma, Blair D. Sullivan, Bora Uçar, and Albert-Jan Yzelman. Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition (Dagstuhl Seminar 23331). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 8, pp. 1-45, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{karypis_et_al:DagRep.13.8.1,
  author =	{Karypis, George and Schulz, Christian and Strash, Darren and Ajwani, Deepak and Bisseling, Rob H. and Casel, Katrin and \c{C}ataly\"{u}rek, \"{U}mit V. and Chevalier, C\'{e}dric and Chudigiewitsch, Florian and Faraj, Marcelo Fonseca and Fellows, Michael and Gottesb\"{u}ren, Lars and Heuer, Tobias and Kaya, Kamer and Lacki, Jakub and Langguth, Johannes and Li, Xiaoye Sherry and Mayer, Ruben and Meintrup, Johannes and Mizutani, Yosuke and Pellegrini, Fran\c{c}ois and Petrini, Fabrizio and Rosamond, Frances and Safro, Ilya and Schlag, Sebastian and Sharma, Roohani and Sullivan, Blair D. and U\c{c}ar, Bora and Yzelman, Albert-Jan},
  title =	{{Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition (Dagstuhl Seminar 23331)}},
  pages =	{1--45},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{13},
  number =	{8},
  editor =	{Karypis, George and Schulz, Christian and Strash, Darren},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.8.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198114},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.13.8.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: combinatorial optimization, experimental algorithmics, parallel algorithms}
}
Document
PACE Solver Description
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.37
PACE Solver Description: Exact (GUTHMI) and Heuristic (GUTHM)

Authors: Alexander Leonhardt, Holger Dell, Anselm Haak, Frank Kammer, Johannes Meintrup, Ulrich Meyer, and Manuel Penschuck

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 285, 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)

Abstract
Twin-width (tww) is a parameter measuring the similarity of an undirected graph to a co-graph [Édouard Bonnet et al., 2022]. It is useful to analyze the parameterized complexity of various graph problems. This paper presents two algorithms to compute the twin-width and to provide a contraction sequence as witness. The two algorithms are motivated by the PACE 2023 challenge, one for the exact track and one for the heuristic track. Each algorithm produces a contraction sequence witnessing (i) the minimal twin-width admissible by the graph in the exact track (ii) an upper bound on the twin-width as tight as possible in the heuristic track. Our heuristic algorithm relies on several greedy approaches with different performance characteristics to find and improve solutions. For large graphs we use locality sensitive hashing to approximately identify suitable contraction candidates. The exact solver follows a branch-and-bound design. It relies on the heuristic algorithm to provide initial upper bounds, and uses lower bounds via contraction sequences to show the optimality of a heuristic solution found in some branch.
Cite as

Alexander Leonhardt, Holger Dell, Anselm Haak, Frank Kammer, Johannes Meintrup, Ulrich Meyer, and Manuel Penschuck. PACE Solver Description: Exact (GUTHMI) and Heuristic (GUTHM). In 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 285, pp. 37:1-37:7, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{leonhardt_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.37,
  author =	{Leonhardt, Alexander and Dell, Holger and Haak, Anselm and Kammer, Frank and Meintrup, Johannes and Meyer, Ulrich and Penschuck, Manuel},
  title =	{{PACE Solver Description: Exact (GUTHMI) and Heuristic (GUTHM)}},
  booktitle =	{18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)},
  pages =	{37:1--37:7},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-305-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{285},
  editor =	{Misra, Neeldhara and Wahlstr\"{o}m, Magnus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.37},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194563},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.37},
  annote =	{Keywords: PACE 2023 Challenge, Heuristic, Exact, Twin-Width}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.44
Succinct Planar Encoding with Minor Operations

Authors: Frank Kammer and Johannes Meintrup

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 283, 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)

Abstract
Let G be an unlabeled planar and simple n-vertex graph. Unlabeled graphs are graphs where the label-information is either not given or lost during the construction of data-structures. We present a succinct encoding of G that provides induced-minor operations, i.e., edge contractions and vertex deletions. Any sequence of such operations is processed in O(n) time in the word-RAM model. At all times the encoding provides constant time (per element output) neighborhood access and degree queries. Optional hash tables extend the encoding with constant expected time adjacency queries and edge-deletion (thus, all minor operations are supported) such that any number of edge deletions are computed in O(n) expected time. Constructing the encoding requires O(n) bits and O(n) time. The encoding requires ℋ(n) + o(n) bits of space with ℋ(n) being the entropy of encoding a planar graph with n vertices. Our data structure is based on the recent result of Holm et al. [ESA 2017] who presented a linear time contraction data structure that allows to maintain parallel edges and works for labeled graphs, but uses Θ(n log n) bits of space. We combine the techniques used by Holm et al. with novel ideas and the succinct encoding of Blelloch and Farzan [CPM 2010] for arbitrary separable graphs. Our result partially answers the question raised by Blelloch and Farzan whether their encoding can be modified to allow modifications of the graph.
Cite as

Frank Kammer and Johannes Meintrup. Succinct Planar Encoding with Minor Operations. In 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 283, pp. 44:1-44:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{kammer_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.44,
  author =	{Kammer, Frank and Meintrup, Johannes},
  title =	{{Succinct Planar Encoding with Minor Operations}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-289-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{283},
  editor =	{Iwata, Satoru and Kakimura, Naonori},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-193460},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: planar graph, r-division, separator, succinct encoding, graph minors}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.62
Space-Efficient Graph Coarsening with Applications to Succinct Planar Encodings

Authors: Frank Kammer and Johannes Meintrup

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 248, 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)

Abstract
We present a novel space-efficient graph coarsening technique for n-vertex planar graphs G, called cloud partition, which partitions the vertices V(G) into disjoint sets C of size O(log n) such that each C induces a connected subgraph of G. Using this partition 𝒫 we construct a so-called structure-maintaining minor F of G via specific contractions within the disjoint sets such that F has O(n/log n) vertices. The combination of (F, 𝒫) is referred to as a cloud decomposition. For planar graphs we show that a cloud decomposition can be constructed in O(n) time and using O(n) bits. Given a cloud decomposition (F, 𝒫) constructed for a planar graph G we are able to find a balanced separator of G in O(n/log n) time. Contrary to related publications, we do not make use of an embedding of the planar input graph. We generalize our cloud decomposition from planar graphs to H-minor-free graphs for any fixed graph H. This allows us to construct the succinct encoding scheme for H-minor-free graphs due to Blelloch and Farzan (CPM 2010) in O(n) time and O(n) bits improving both runtime and space by a factor of Θ(log n). As an additional application of our cloud decomposition we show that, for H-minor-free graphs, a tree decomposition of width O(n^{1/2 + ε}) for any ε > 0 can be constructed in O(n) bits and a time linear in the size of the tree decomposition. A similar result by Izumi and Otachi (ICALP 2020) constructs a tree decomposition of width O(k √n log n) for graphs of treewidth k ≤ √n in sublinear space and polynomial time.
Cite as

Frank Kammer and Johannes Meintrup. Space-Efficient Graph Coarsening with Applications to Succinct Planar Encodings. In 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 248, pp. 62:1-62:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{kammer_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.62,
  author =	{Kammer, Frank and Meintrup, Johannes},
  title =	{{Space-Efficient Graph Coarsening with Applications to Succinct Planar Encodings}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)},
  pages =	{62:1--62:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-258-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{248},
  editor =	{Bae, Sang Won and Park, Heejin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.62},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173478},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.62},
  annote =	{Keywords: planar graph, H-minor-free, space-efficient, separator, tree decomposition}
}
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