23 Search Results for "Kirner, Raimund"

Volume

OASIcs, Volume 8

8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)

WCET 2008, July 1, 2008, Prague, Czech Republic

Editors: Raimund Kirner

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2
The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool

Authors: Emad Jacob Maroun, Eva Dengler, Christian Dietrich, Stefan Hepp, Henriette Herzog, Benedikt Huber, Jens Knoop, Daniel Wiltsche-Prokesch, Peter Puschner, Phillip Raffeck, Martin Schoeberl, Simon Schuster, and Peter Wägemann

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 121, 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)

Abstract
With the increasing number of applications that require reliable runtime guarantees, the relevance of static worst-case analysis tools that can provide such guarantees increases. These analysis tools determine resource-consumption bounds of application tasks, with a model of the underlying hardware, to meet given resource budgets during runtime, such as deadlines of real-time tasks. This paper presents enhancements to the Platin worst-case analysis tool developed since its original release more than ten years ago. These novelties comprise Platin’s support for new architectures (i.e., ARMv6-M, RISC-V, and AVR) in addition to the previous backends for Patmos and ARMv7-M. Further, Platin now features system-wide analysis methods and annotation support to express system-level constraints. Besides an overview of these enhancements, we evaluate Platin’s accuracy for the two supported architecture implementations, Patmos and RISC-V.
Cite as

Emad Jacob Maroun, Eva Dengler, Christian Dietrich, Stefan Hepp, Henriette Herzog, Benedikt Huber, Jens Knoop, Daniel Wiltsche-Prokesch, Peter Puschner, Phillip Raffeck, Martin Schoeberl, Simon Schuster, and Peter Wägemann. The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool. In 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 121, pp. 2:1-2:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{maroun_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2024.2,
  author =	{Maroun, Emad Jacob and Dengler, Eva and Dietrich, Christian and Hepp, Stefan and Herzog, Henriette and Huber, Benedikt and Knoop, Jens and Wiltsche-Prokesch, Daniel and Puschner, Peter and Raffeck, Phillip and Schoeberl, Martin and Schuster, Simon and W\"{a}gemann, Peter},
  title =	{{The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-346-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{121},
  editor =	{Carle, Thomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204704},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: worst-case resource consumption, WCET, static analysis tool}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10
Crêpe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices

Authors: Eva Dengler and Peter Wägemann

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 298, 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)

Abstract
The domain of energy-constrained real-time systems that are operated on modern embedded system-on-chip (SoC) platforms brings numerous novel challenges for optimal resource minimization. These modern hardware platforms offer a heterogeneous variety of features to configure the tradeoff between temporal performance and energy efficiency, which goes beyond the state-of-the-art of existing dynamic-voltage-frequency-scaling (DVFS) scheduling schemes. The control center for configuring this tradeoff on platforms are complex clock subsystems that are intertwined with requirements of the SoC’s components (e.g., transceiver/memory/sensor devices). That is, several devices have precedence constraints with respect to specific clock sources and their settings. The challenge of dynamically adapting the various clock sources to select resource-optimal configurations becomes especially challenging in the presence of asynchronous preemptions, which are inherent to systems that use devices. In this paper, we present Crêpe, an approach to clock-reconfiguration-aware preemption control: Crêpe has an understanding of the target platform’s clock subsystem, its sleep states, and penalties to reconfigure clock sources for adapting clock frequencies. Crêpe’s hardware model is combined with an awareness of the application’s device requirements for each executed task, as well as possible interrupts that cause preemptions during runtime. Using these software/hardware constraints, Crêpe employs, in its offline phase, a mathematical formalization in order to select energy-minimal configurations while meeting given deadlines. This optimizing formalization, processed by standard mathematical solver tools, accounts for potentially occurring interrupts and the respective clock reconfigurations, which are then forwarded as alternative schedules to Crêpe’s runtime system. During runtime, the dispatcher assesses these offline-determined alternative schedules and reconfigures the clock sources for energy minimization. We developed an implementation based on a widely-used SoC platform (i.e., ESP32-C3) and an automated testbed for comprehensive energy-consumption evaluations to validate Crêpe’s claim of selecting resource-optimal settings under worst-case considerations.
Cite as

Eva Dengler and Peter Wägemann. Crêpe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices. In 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 298, pp. 10:1-10:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{dengler_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10,
  author =	{Dengler, Eva and W\"{a}gemann, Peter},
  title =	{{Cr\^{e}pe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices}},
  booktitle =	{36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-324-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{298},
  editor =	{Pellizzoni, Rodolfo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203135},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: energy-constrained real-time systems, time/energy tradeoff, system-on-chip, energy-aware real-time scheduling, resource minimization, preemption control, worst-case energy consumption (WCEC), worst-case execution time (WCET), static whole-system analysis}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008
OASIcs, Volume 8, WCET'08, Complete Volume

Authors: Raimund Kirner

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 8, WCET'08, Complete Volume
Cite as

8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@Proceedings{kirner:OASIcs.WCET.2008,
  title =	{{OASIcs, Volume 8, WCET'08, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35701},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008},
  annote =	{Keywords: Performance of Systems, Software/Program Verification}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282
From Trusted Annotations to Verified Knowledge

Authors: Adrian Prantl, Jens Knoop, Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, and Markus Schordan

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 10, 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09) (2009)

Abstract
WCET analyzers commonly rely on user-provided annotations such as loop bounds, recursion depths, region- and program constants. This reliance on user-provided annotations has an important drawback. It introduces a Trusted Annotation Basis into WCET analysis without any guarantee that the user-provided annotations are safe, let alone sharp. Hence, safety and accuracy of a WCET analysis cannot be formally established. In this paper we propose a uniform approach, which reduces the trusted annotation base to a minimum, while simultaneously yielding sharper (tighter) time bounds. Fundamental to our approach is to apply model checking in concert with other more inexpensive program analysis techniques, and the coordinated application of two algorithms for Binary Tightening and Binary Widening, which control the application of the model checker and hence the computational costs of the approach. Though in this paper we focus on the control of model checking by Binary Tightening and Widening, this is embedded into a more general approach in which we apply an array of analysis methods of increasing power and computational complexity for proving or disproving relevant time bounds of a program. First practical experiences using the sample programs of the Mälardalen benchmark suite demonstrate the usefulness of the overall approach. In fact, for most of these benchmarks we were able to empty the trusted annotation base completely, and to tighten the computed WCET considerably.
Cite as

Adrian Prantl, Jens Knoop, Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, and Markus Schordan. From Trusted Annotations to Verified Knowledge. In 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 10, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{prantl_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282,
  author =	{Prantl, Adrian and Knoop, Jens and Kirner, Raimund and Kadlec, Albrecht and Schordan, Markus},
  title =	{{From Trusted Annotations to Verified Knowledge}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09)},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-14-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{10},
  editor =	{Holsti, Niklas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-22828},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2282},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, annotations, binary tightening, binary widening, model checking, CBMC}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671
WCET 2008 Abstracts Collection -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis

Authors: Raimund Kirner

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
The workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis is a satellite event to the annual Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems. It brings together people that are interested in all aspects of timing analysis for real-time systems. In the 2008 edition, 13 papers were presented, organized into four sessions: methods for WCET computation, low-level analysis, system-level analysis and flow-analysis. The workshop was also the opportunity to report from the 2007 WCET tool challenge.
Cite as

8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. i-x, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{kirner:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  title =	{{WCET 2008 Abstracts Collection -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{i--x},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16712},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1671},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time, real-time systems, timing analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663
WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis

Authors: Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Following the successful WCET Tool Challenge in 2006, the second event in this series was organized in 2008, again with support from the ARTIST2 Network of Excellence. The WCET Tool Challenge 2008 (WCC'08) provides benchmark programs and poses a number of "analysis problems" about the dynamic, run-time properties of these programs. The participants are challenged to solve these problems with their program analysis tools. Two kinds of problems are defined: WCET problems, which ask for bounds on the execution time of chosen parts (subprograms) of the benchmarks, under given constraints on input data; and flow-analysis problems, which ask for bounds on the number of times certain parts of the benchmark can be executed, again under some constraints. We describe the organization of WCC'08, the benchmark programs, the participating tools, and the general results, successes, and failures. Most participants found WCC'08 to be a useful test of their tools. Unlike the 2006 Challenge, the WCC'08 participants include several tools for the same target (ARM7, LPC2138), and tools that combine measurements and static analysis, as well as pure static-analysis tools.
Cite as

Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan. WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{holsti_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663,
  author =	{Holsti, Niklas and Gustafsson, Jan and Bernat, Guillem and Ballabriga, Cl\'{e}ment and Bonenfant, Armelle and Bourgade, Roman and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Cordes, Daniel and Kadlec, Albrecht and Kirner, Raimund and Knoop, Jens and Lokuciejewski, Paul and Merriam, Nicholas and de Michiel, Marianne and Prantl, Adrian and Rieder, Bernhard and Rochange, Christine and Sainrat, Pascal and Schordan, Markus},
  title =	{{WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--23},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16637},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, benchmark}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1668
A tool for average and worst-case execution time analysis

Authors: David Hickey, Diarmuid Early, and Michel Schellekens

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
We have developed a new programming paradigmwhich, for conforming programs, allows the average-case execution time (ACET) to be obtained automatically by a static analysis. This is achieved by tracking the data structures and their distributions that will exist during all possible executions of a program. This new programming paradigm is called MOQA and the tool which performs the static analysis is called Distritrack. In this paper we give an overview of both MOQA and Distritrack. We then discuss the possibility of extending Distritrack for static worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis ofMOQA programs using the tight tracking of data structures already being performed. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of SFI grant SFI 02/IN.1/I181.
Cite as

David Hickey, Diarmuid Early, and Michel Schellekens. A tool for average and worst-case execution time analysis. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{hickey_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1668,
  author =	{Hickey, David and Early, Diarmuid and Schellekens, Michel},
  title =	{{A tool for average and worst-case execution time analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--12},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1668},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16680},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1668},
  annote =	{Keywords: Tool, static timing, worst-case, average-case, execution time}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1665
Applying WCET Analysis at Architectural Level

Authors: Olivier Gilles and Jérôme Hugues

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Real-Time embedded systems must enforce strict timing constraints. In this context, achieving precise Worst Case Execution Time is a prerequisite to apply scheduling analysis and verify system viability. WCET analysis is usually a complex and time-consuming activity. It becomes increasingly complex when one also considers code generation strategies from high-level models. In this paper, we present an experiment made on the coupling of the WCET analysis tool Bound-T and our AADL to code generator OCARINA. We list the different steps to successfully apply WCET analysis directly from model, to limit user intervention.
Cite as

Olivier Gilles and Jérôme Hugues. Applying WCET Analysis at Architectural Level. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{gilles_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1665,
  author =	{Gilles, Olivier and Hugues, J\'{e}r\^{o}me},
  title =	{{Applying WCET Analysis at Architectural Level}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--9},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1665},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16653},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1665},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET, AADL, Bound-T, Ocarina}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1660
Computing time as a program variable: a way around infeasible paths

Authors: Niklas Holsti

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Conditional branches connect the values of program variables with the execution paths and thus with the execution times, including the worst-case execution time (WCET). Flow analysis aims to discover this connection and represent it as loop bounds and other path constraints. Usually, a specific analysis of the dependencies between branch conditions and assign­ments to variables creates some representation of the feasible paths, for example as IPET execution-count constraints, from which a WCET bound is calculated. This paper explores another approach that uses a more direct connection between variable values and execution time. The execution time is modeled as a program variable. An analysis of the dependencies between variables, including the execution-time variable, gives a WCET bound that excludes many infeasible paths. Examples show that the approach often works, in principle. It remains to be seen if it is scalable to real programs.
Cite as

Niklas Holsti. Computing time as a program variable: a way around infeasible paths. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{holsti:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1660,
  author =	{Holsti, Niklas},
  title =	{{Computing time as a program variable: a way around infeasible paths}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1660},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16608},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1660},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET, flow analysis, infeasible paths, dependency analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1670
Improving the WCET computation time by IPET using control flow graph partitioning

Authors: Clément Ballabriga and Hugues Cassé

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Implicit Path Enumeration Technique (IPET) is currently largely used to compute Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) by modeling control flow and architecture using integer linear programming (ILP). As precise architecture effects requires a lot of constraints, the super-linear complexity of the ILP solver makes computation times bigger and bigger. In this paper, we propose to split the control flow of the program into smaller parts where a local WCET can be computed faster - as the resulting ILP system is smaller - and to combine these local results to get the overall WCET without loss of precision. The experimentation in our tool OTAWA with lp_solve solver has shown an average computation improvement of 6.5 times.
Cite as

Clément Ballabriga and Hugues Cassé. Improving the WCET computation time by IPET using control flow graph partitioning. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{ballabriga_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1670,
  author =	{Ballabriga, Cl\'{e}ment and Cass\'{e}, Hugues},
  title =	{{Improving the WCET computation time by IPET using control flow graph partitioning}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--9},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1670},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16701},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1670},
  annote =	{Keywords: Static analysis, SESE regions, ILP}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1669
INFER: Interactive Timing Profiles based on Bayesian Networks

Authors: Michael Zolda

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
We propose an approach for timing analysis of software-based embedded computer systems that builds on the established probabilistic framework of Bayesian networks. We envision an approach where we take (1) an abstract description of the control flow within a piece of software, and (2) a set of run-time traces, which are combined into a Bayesian network that can be seen as an interactive timing profile. The obtained profile can be used by the embedded systems engineer not only to obtain a probabilistic estimate of the WCET, but also to run interactive timing simulations, or to automatically identify software configurations that are likely to evoke noteworthy timing behavior, like, e.g., high variances of execution times, and which are therefore candidates for further inspection.
Cite as

Michael Zolda. INFER: Interactive Timing Profiles based on Bayesian Networks. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{zolda:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1669,
  author =	{Zolda, Michael},
  title =	{{INFER: Interactive Timing Profiles based on Bayesian Networks}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1669},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16695},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1669},
  annote =	{Keywords: Bayesian networks, embedded systems, hardware modeling, measurement-based execution time analysis, software modeling, probabilistic modeling, profilin}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1658
Merging Techniques for Faster Derivation of WCET Flow Information using Abstract Execution

Authors: Jan Gustafsson and Andreas Ermedahl

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Static Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis derives upper bounds for the execution times of programs. Such bounds are crucial when designing and verifying real-time systems. A key component in static WCET analysis is to derive flow information, such as loop bounds and infeasible paths. We have previously introduced abstract execution (AE), a method capable of deriving very precise flow information. This paper present different merging techniques that can be used by AE for trading analysis time for flow information precision. It also presents a new technique, ordered merging, which may radically shorten AE analysis times, especially when analyzing large programs with many possible input variable values.
Cite as

Jan Gustafsson and Andreas Ermedahl. Merging Techniques for Faster Derivation of WCET Flow Information using Abstract Execution. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{gustafsson_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1658,
  author =	{Gustafsson, Jan and Ermedahl, Andreas},
  title =	{{Merging Techniques for Faster Derivation of WCET Flow Information using Abstract Execution}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1658},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16585},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1658},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis, flow analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1662
On Composable System Timing, Task Timing, and WCET Analysis

Authors: Peter Puschner and Martin Schoeberl

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
The complexity of hardware and software architectures used in today's embedded systems make a hierarchical, composable timing analysis impossible. This paper describes the source of this complexity in terms of mechanisms and side effects that determine variations in the timing of single tasks and entire applications. Based on these observations, the paper proposes strategies to reduce the complexity. It shows the positive effects of these strategies on the timing of tasks and on WCET analysis.
Cite as

Peter Puschner and Martin Schoeberl. On Composable System Timing, Task Timing, and WCET Analysis. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{puschner_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1662,
  author =	{Puschner, Peter and Schoeberl, Martin},
  title =	{{On Composable System Timing, Task Timing, and WCET Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1662},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16622},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1662},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time systems, timing analysis, WCET analysis, predictable timing, composability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657
Towards a Common WCET Annotation Language: Essential Ingredients

Authors: Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, Adrian Prantl, Markus Schordan, and Jens Knoop

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Within the last years, ambitions towards the definition of common interfaces and the development of open frameworks have increased the efficiency of research on WCET analysis. The Annotation Language Challenge for WCET analysis has been proposed in line with these ambitions in order to push the development of common interfaces also to the level of annotation languages, which are crucial for the power of WCET analysis tools. In this paper we present a list of essential ingredients for a common WCET annotation language. The selected ingredients comprise a number of features available in different WCET analysis tools and add several new concepts we consider important. The annotation concepts are described in an abstract format that can be instantiated at different representation levels.
Cite as

Raimund Kirner, Albrecht Kadlec, Adrian Prantl, Markus Schordan, and Jens Knoop. Towards a Common WCET Annotation Language: Essential Ingredients. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{kirner_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund and Kadlec, Albrecht and Prantl, Adrian and Schordan, Markus and Knoop, Jens},
  title =	{{Towards a Common WCET Annotation Language: Essential Ingredients}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16575},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1657},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis, annotation languages, WCET annotation language challenge}
}
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