65 Search Results for "Shmoys, David"


Document
A Practical 73/50 Approximation for Contiguous Monotone Moldable Job Scheduling

Authors: Klaus Jansen and Felix Ohnesorge

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)


Abstract
In moldable job scheduling, we are provided m identical machines and n jobs that can be executed on a variable number of machines. The execution time of each job depends on the number of machines assigned to execute that job. For the specific problem of monotone moldable job scheduling, jobs are assumed to have a processing time that is non-increasing in the number of machines. The previous best-known algorithms are: (1) a Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS) with time complexity Ω(n^{g(1/ε)}), where g(⋅) is a super-exponential function [Jansen and Thöle '08; Jansen and Land '18], (2) a Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS) for the case of m ≥ 8n/(ε) [Jansen and Land '18], and (3) a 3/2 approximation with time complexity O(nmlog(mn)) [Wu, Zhang, and Chen '23]. We present a new practically efficient algorithm with an approximation ratio of ≈ (1.4593 + ε) and a time complexity of O(nm log 1/(ε)). Our result also applies to the contiguous variant of the problem. In addition to our theoretical results, we implement the presented algorithm and show that the practical performance is significantly better than the theoretical worst-case approximation ratio.

Cite as

Klaus Jansen and Felix Ohnesorge. A Practical 73/50 Approximation for Contiguous Monotone Moldable Job Scheduling. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 56:1-56:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{jansen_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.56,
  author =	{Jansen, Klaus and Ohnesorge, Felix},
  title =	{{A Practical 73/50 Approximation for Contiguous Monotone Moldable Job Scheduling}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
  pages =	{56:1--56:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-412-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{364},
  editor =	{Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.56},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255453},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.56},
  annote =	{Keywords: computing, machine scheduling, moldable, polynomial approximation}
}
Document
On the PTAS Complexity of Multidimensional Knapsack

Authors: Ilan Doron-Arad, Ariel Kulik, and Pasin Manurangsi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
We study the d-dimensional knapsack problem. We are given a set of items, each with a d-dimensional cost vector and a profit, along with a d-dimensional budget vector. The goal is to select a set of items that do not exceed the budget in all dimensions and maximize the total profit. A polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) with running time n^{Θ(d/{ε})} has long been known for this problem, where {ε} is the error parameter and n is the encoding size. Despite decades of active research, the best running time of a PTAS has remained O(n^{⌈ d/{ε} ⌉ - d}). Unfortunately, existing lower bounds only cover the special case with two dimensions d = 2, and do not answer whether there is a n^{o(d/({ε)})}-time PTAS for larger values of d. In this work, we show that the running times of the best-known PTAS cannot be improved up to a polylogarithmic factor assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH). Our techniques are based on a robust reduction from 2-CSP, which embeds 2-CSP constraints into a desired number of dimensions. Then, using a recent result of [Bafna Karthik and Minzer, STOC'25], we succeed in exhibiting tight trade-off between d and {ε} for all regimes of the parameters assuming d is sufficiently large. Informally, our result also shows that under ETH, for any function f there is no f(d/({ε)}) ⋅ n^{õ(d/({ε)})}-time (1-{ε})-approximation for d-dimensional knapsack, where n is the number of items and õ hides polylogarithmic factors in d/({ε)}.

Cite as

Ilan Doron-Arad, Ariel Kulik, and Pasin Manurangsi. On the PTAS Complexity of Multidimensional Knapsack. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 50:1-50:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{doronarad_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.50,
  author =	{Doron-Arad, Ilan and Kulik, Ariel and Manurangsi, Pasin},
  title =	{{On the PTAS Complexity of Multidimensional Knapsack}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253377},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: d-dimensional Knapsack, Multidimensional Knapsack, PTAS, CSP}
}
Document
Near-Optimal Sparsifiers for Stochastic Knapsack and Assignment Problems

Authors: Shaddin Dughmi, Yusuf Hakan Kalayci, and Xinyu Liu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
When uncertainty meets costly information gathering, a fundamental question emerges: which data points should we probe to unlock near-optimal solutions? Sparsification of stochastic packing problems addresses this trade-off. The existing notions of sparsification measure the level of sparsity, called degree, as the ratio of queried items to the optimal solution size. While effective for matching and matroid-type problems with uniform structures, this cardinality-based approach fails for knapsack-type constraints where feasible sets exhibit dramatic structural variation. We introduce a polyhedral sparsification framework that measures the degree as the smallest scalar needed to embed the query set within a scaled feasibility polytope, naturally capturing redundancy without relying on cardinality. Our main contribution establishes that knapsack, multiple knapsack, and generalized assignment problems admit (1-ε)-approximate sparsifiers with degree polynomial in 1/p and 1/ε - where p denotes the independent activation probability of each element - remarkably independent of problem dimensions. The key insight involves grouping items with similar weights and deploying a charging argument: when our query set misses an optimal item, we either substitute it directly with a queried item from the same group or leverage that group’s excess contribution to compensate for the loss. This reveals an intriguing complexity-theoretic separation - while the multiple knapsack problem lacks an FPTAS and generalized assignment is APX-hard, their sparsification counterparts admit efficient (1-ε)-approximation algorithms that identify polynomial degree query sets. Finally, we raise an open question: can such sparsification extend to general integer linear programs with degree independent of problem dimensions?

Cite as

Shaddin Dughmi, Yusuf Hakan Kalayci, and Xinyu Liu. Near-Optimal Sparsifiers for Stochastic Knapsack and Assignment Problems. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 51:1-51:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{dughmi_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.51,
  author =	{Dughmi, Shaddin and Kalayci, Yusuf Hakan and Liu, Xinyu},
  title =	{{Near-Optimal Sparsifiers for Stochastic Knapsack and Assignment Problems}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{51:1--51:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.51},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253386},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.51},
  annote =	{Keywords: Packing Problems, Assignment Problems, Stochastic Selection, Sparsification}
}
Document
Weighted Chairman Assignment and Flow-Time Scheduling

Authors: Siyue Liu and Victor Reis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
Given positive integers m, n, a fractional assignment x ∈ [0,1]^{m × n} and weights d ∈ ℝⁿ_{> 0}, we show that there exists an assignment y ∈ {0,1}^{m × n} so that for every i ∈ [m] and t ∈ [n], |∑_{j ∈ [t]} d_j (x_{ij} - y_{ij})| < max_{j ∈ [n]} d_j. This generalizes a result of Tijdeman (1973) on the unweighted version, known as the chairman assignment problem. This also confirms a special case of the single-source unsplittable flow conjecture with arc-wise lower and upper bounds due to Morell and Skutella (IPCO 2020). As an application, we consider a scheduling problem where jobs have release times and machines have closing times, and a job can only be scheduled on a machine if it is released before the machine closes. We give a 3-approximation algorithm for maximum flow-time minimization.

Cite as

Siyue Liu and Victor Reis. Weighted Chairman Assignment and Flow-Time Scheduling. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 98:1-98:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{liu_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.98,
  author =	{Liu, Siyue and Reis, Victor},
  title =	{{Weighted Chairman Assignment and Flow-Time Scheduling}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{98:1--98:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.98},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253858},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.98},
  annote =	{Keywords: prefix discrepancy, flow-time scheduling, unsplittable flow}
}
Document
Supercritical Tradeoff Between Size and Depth for Resolution over Parities

Authors: Dmitry Itsykson and Alexander Knop

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
Alekseev and Itsykson (STOC 2025) proved the existence of an unsatisfiable CNF formula such that any resolution over parities (Res(⊕)) refutation must either have exponential size (in the formula size) or superlinear depth (in the number of variables). In this paper, we extend this result by constructing a formula with the same hardness properties, but which additionally admits a resolution refutation of quasi-polynomial size. This establishes a supercritical tradeoff between size and depth for resolution over parities. The proof builds on the framework of Alekseev and Itsykson and relies on a lifting argument applied to the supercritical tradeoff between width and depth in resolution, proposed by Buss and Thapen (IPL 2026).

Cite as

Dmitry Itsykson and Alexander Knop. Supercritical Tradeoff Between Size and Depth for Resolution over Parities. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 81:1-81:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{itsykson_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.81,
  author =	{Itsykson, Dmitry and Knop, Alexander},
  title =	{{Supercritical Tradeoff Between Size and Depth for Resolution over Parities}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{81:1--81:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.81},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253680},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.81},
  annote =	{Keywords: lifting theorems, resolution depth, resolution over parities, resolution width, supercritical tradeoff}
}
Document
FPT Approximations for Connected Maximum Coverage

Authors: Tanmay Inamdar, Satyabrata Jana, Madhumita Kundu, Daniel Lokshtanov, Saket Saurabh, and Meirav Zehavi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
We revisit connectivity-constrained coverage through a unifying model, Partial Connected Red-Blue Dominating Set (PartialConRBDS). Given a bipartite graph G = (R∪ B,E) with red vertices R and blue vertices B, an auxiliary connectivity graph G_{conn} on R, and integers k,t, the task is to find a set S ⊆ R with |S| ≤ k such that G_{conn}[S] is connected and S dominates at least t blue vertices. This formulation captures connected variants of Maximum Coverage [Hochbaum-Rao, Inf. Proc. Lett., 2020; D'Angelo-Delfaraz, AAMAS 2025], Partial Vertex Cover, and Partial Dominating Set [Khuller et al., SODA 2014; Lamprou et al., TCS 2021] via standard encodings. Limits to parameterized tractability. PartialConRBDS is W[1]-hard parameterized by k even under strong restrictions: it remains hard when G_{conn} is a clique or a star and the incidence graph G is 3-degenerate, or when G is K_{2,2}-free. Inapproximability. For every ε > 0, there is no polynomial-time (1, 1-1/e+ε)-approximation unless 𝖯 = NP. Moreover, under ETH, no algorithm running in f(k)⋅ n^{o(k)} time achieves an g(k)-approximation for k for any computable function g(⋅), or for any ε > 0, a (1-1/e+ε)-approximation for t. Graphical special cases. Partial Connected Dominating Set is W[2]-hard parameterized by k and inherits the same ETH-based f(k)⋅ n^{o(k)} inapproximability bound as above; Partial Connected Vertex Cover is W[1]-hard parameterized by k. These hardness boundaries delineate a natural "sweet spot" for study: within appropriate structural restrictions on the incidence graph, one can still aim for fine-grained (FPT) approximations. Our algorithms. We solve PartialConRBDS exactly by reducing it to Relaxed Directed Steiner Out-Tree in time (2e)^t ⋅ n^{𝒪(1)}. For biclique-free incidences (i.e., when G excludes K_{d,d} as an induced subgraph), we obtain two complementary parameterized schemes: - An Efficient Parameterized Approximation Scheme (EPAS) running in time 2^{𝒪(k² d/ε)}⋅ n^{𝒪(1)} that either returns a connected solution of size at most k covering at least (1-ε)t blue vertices, or correctly reports that no connected size-k solution covers t; and - A Parameterized Approximation Scheme (PAS) running in time 2^{𝒪(kd(k²+log d))}⋅ n^{𝒪(1/ε)} that either returns a connected solution of size at most (1+ε)k covering at least t blue vertices, or correctly reports that no connected size-k solution covers t. Together, these results chart the boundary between hardness and FPT-approximability for connectivity-constrained coverage.

Cite as

Tanmay Inamdar, Satyabrata Jana, Madhumita Kundu, Daniel Lokshtanov, Saket Saurabh, and Meirav Zehavi. FPT Approximations for Connected Maximum Coverage. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 80:1-80:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{inamdar_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.80,
  author =	{Inamdar, Tanmay and Jana, Satyabrata and Kundu, Madhumita and Lokshtanov, Daniel and Saurabh, Saket and Zehavi, Meirav},
  title =	{{FPT Approximations for Connected Maximum Coverage}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{80:1--80:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.80},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253674},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.80},
  annote =	{Keywords: Partial Dominating Set, Connectivity, Maximum Coverage, FPT Approximation, Fixed-parameter Tractability}
}
Document
Linear Matroid Intersection Is in Catalytic Logspace

Authors: Aryan Agarwala, Yaroslav Alekseev, and Antoine Vinciguerra

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
Linear matroid intersection is an important problem in combinatorial optimization. Given two linear matroids over the same ground set, the linear matroid intersection problem asks you to find a common independent set of maximum size. The deep interest in linear matroid intersection is due to the fact that it generalises many classical problems in theoretical computer science, such as bipartite matching, edge disjoint spanning trees, rainbow spanning tree, and many more. We study this problem in the model of catalytic computation: space-bounded machines are granted access to catalytic space, which is additional working memory that is full with arbitrary data that must be preserved at the end of its computation. Although linear matroid intersection has had a polynomial time algorithm for over 50 years, it remains an important open problem to show that linear matroid intersection belongs to any well studied subclass of {P}. We address this problem for the class catalytic logspace (CL) with a polynomial time bound (CLP). Recently, Agarwala and Mertz (2025) showed that bipartite maximum matching can be computed in the class CLP ⊆ {P}. This was the first subclass of {P} shown to contain bipartite matching, and additionally the first problem outside TC¹ shown to be contained in CL. We significantly improve the result of Agarwala and Mertz by showing that linear matroid intersection can be computed in CLP.

Cite as

Aryan Agarwala, Yaroslav Alekseev, and Antoine Vinciguerra. Linear Matroid Intersection Is in Catalytic Logspace. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 3:1-3:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{agarwala_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.3,
  author =	{Agarwala, Aryan and Alekseev, Yaroslav and Vinciguerra, Antoine},
  title =	{{Linear Matroid Intersection Is in Catalytic Logspace}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-252908},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Catalytic Computing, Computational Complexity, Matroid Theory, Algorithms}
}
Document
Computing in a Faulty Congested Clique

Authors: Keren Censor-Hillel and Pedro Soto

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 361, 29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2025)


Abstract
We study a Faulty Congested Clique model, in which an adversary may fail nodes in the network throughout the computation. We show that any task of O(nlog{n})-bit input per node can be solved in roughly n rounds, where n is the size of the network. This nearly matches the linear upper bound on the complexity of the non-faulty Congested Clique model for such problems, by learning the entire input, and it holds in the faulty model even with a linear number of faults. Our main contribution is that we establish that one can do much better by looking more closely at the computation. Given a deterministic algorithm 𝒜 for the non-faulty Congested Clique model, we show how to transform it into an algorithm 𝒜' for the faulty model, with an overhead that could be as small as some logarithmic-in-n factor, by considering refined complexity measures of 𝒜. As an exemplifying application of our approach, we show that the O(n^{1/3})-round complexity of semi-ring matrix multiplication [Censor{-}Hillel, Kaski, Korhonen, Lenzen, Paz, Suomela, PODC 2015] remains the same up to polylog factors in the faulty model, even if the adversary can fail 99% of the nodes (or any other constant fraction).

Cite as

Keren Censor-Hillel and Pedro Soto. Computing in a Faulty Congested Clique. In 29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 361, pp. 10:1-10:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{censorhillel_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.10,
  author =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Soto, Pedro},
  title =	{{Computing in a Faulty Congested Clique}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2025)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-409-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{361},
  editor =	{Arusoaie, Andrei and Onica, Emanuel and Spear, Michael and Tucci-Piergiovanni, Sara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251833},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: distributed computing, graph algorithms, computing with faults}
}
Document
A Graph Width Perspective on Partially Ordered Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles II: Vertex and Edge Deletion Numbers

Authors: Jesse Beisegel, Katharina Klost, Kristin Knorr, Fabienne Ratajczak, and Robert Scheffler

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 358, 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)


Abstract
We consider the problem of finding a Hamiltonian path or cycle with precedence constraints in the form of a partial order on the vertex set. We study the complexity for graph width parameters for which the ordinary problems Hamiltonian Path and Hamiltonian Cycle are in FPT. In particular, we focus on parameters that describe how many vertices and edges have to be deleted to become a member of a certain graph class. We show that the problems are W[1]-hard for such restricted cases as vertex distance to path and vertex distance to clique. We complement these results by showing that the problems can be solved in XP time for vertex distance to outerplanar and vertex distance to block. Furthermore, we present some FPT algorithms, e.g., for edge distance to block. Additionally, we prove para-NP-hardness when considered with the edge clique cover number.

Cite as

Jesse Beisegel, Katharina Klost, Kristin Knorr, Fabienne Ratajczak, and Robert Scheffler. A Graph Width Perspective on Partially Ordered Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles II: Vertex and Edge Deletion Numbers. In 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 358, pp. 30:1-30:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{beisegel_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.30,
  author =	{Beisegel, Jesse and Klost, Katharina and Knorr, Kristin and Ratajczak, Fabienne and Scheffler, Robert},
  title =	{{A Graph Width Perspective on Partially Ordered Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles II: Vertex and Edge Deletion Numbers}},
  booktitle =	{20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-407-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{358},
  editor =	{Agrawal, Akanksha and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251623},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hamiltonian path, Hamiltonian cycle, partial order, graph width parameter, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
Clustering in Varying Metrics

Authors: Deeparnab Chakrabarty, Jonathan Conroy, and Ankita Sarkar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 360, 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)


Abstract
We introduce the aggregated clustering problem, where one is given T instances of a center-based clustering task over the same n points, but under different metrics. The goal is to open k centers to minimize an aggregate of the clustering costs - e.g., the average or maximum - where the cost is measured via k-center/median/means objectives. More generally, we minimize a norm Ψ over the T cost values. We show that for T ≥ 3, the problem is inapproximable to any finite factor in polynomial time. For T = 2, we give constant-factor approximations. We also show W[2]-hardness when parameterized by k, but obtain f(k,T)poly(n)-time 3-approximations when parameterized by both k and T. When the metrics have structure, we obtain efficient parameterized approximation schemes (EPAS). If all T metrics have bounded ε-scatter dimension, we achieve a (1+ε)-approximation in f(k,T,ε)poly(n) time. If the metrics are induced by edge weights on a common graph G of bounded treewidth tw, and Ψ is the sum function, we get an EPAS in f(T,ε,tw)poly(n,k) time. Conversely, unless (randomized) ETH is false, any finite factor approximation is impossible if parametrized by only T, even when the treewidth is tw = Ω(polylog n).

Cite as

Deeparnab Chakrabarty, Jonathan Conroy, and Ankita Sarkar. Clustering in Varying Metrics. In 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 360, pp. 19:1-19:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{chakrabarty_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.19,
  author =	{Chakrabarty, Deeparnab and Conroy, Jonathan and Sarkar, Ankita},
  title =	{{Clustering in Varying Metrics}},
  booktitle =	{45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-406-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{360},
  editor =	{Aiswarya, C. and Mehta, Ruta and Roy, Subhajit},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251007},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Clustering, approximation algorithms, LP rounding, parameterized and exact algorithms, dynamic programming, fixed parameter tractability, hardness of approximation}
}
Document
Approximation Schemes for k-Subset Sum Ratio and k-Way Number Partitioning Ratio

Authors: Sotiris Kanellopoulos, Giorgos Mitropoulos, Antonis Antonopoulos, Nikos Leonardos, Aris Pagourtzis, Christos Pergaminelis, Stavros Petsalakis, and Kanellos Tsitouras

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)


Abstract
The Subset Sum Ratio problem (SSR) asks, given a multiset A of positive integers, to find two disjoint subsets of A such that the largest-to-smallest ratio of their sums is minimized. In this paper we study the k-version of SSR, namely k-Subset Sum Ratio (k-SSR), which asks to minimize the largest-to-smallest ratio of sums of k disjoint subsets of A. We develop an approximation scheme for k-SSR running in O(n^{2k}/ε^{k-1}) time, where n = |A| and ε is the error parameter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FPTAS for k-SSR for fixed k > 2. We also study the k-way Number Partitioning Ratio (k-PART) problem, which differs from k-SSR in that the k subsets must constitute a partition of A; this problem in fact corresponds to the objective of minimizing the largest-to-smallest sum ratio in the family of Multiway Number Partitioning problems. We present a more involved FPTAS for k-PART, also achieving O(n^{2k}/ε^{k-1}) time complexity. Notably, k-PART is also equivalent to the Minimum Envy-Ratio problem with identical valuation functions, which has been studied in the context of fair division of indivisible goods. Thus, for the case of identical valuations, our FPTAS represents a significant improvement over the O(n^{4k²+1}/ε^{2k²}) bound obtained by Nguyen and Rothe’s FPTAS [Trung Thanh Nguyen and Jörg Rothe, 2014] for Minimum Envy-Ratio with general additive valuations. Lastly, we propose a second FPTAS for k-SSR, which employs carefully designed calls to the first one; the new scheme has a time complexity of Õ(n/ε^{3k-1}), thus being much faster when n≫ 1/ ε.

Cite as

Sotiris Kanellopoulos, Giorgos Mitropoulos, Antonis Antonopoulos, Nikos Leonardos, Aris Pagourtzis, Christos Pergaminelis, Stavros Petsalakis, and Kanellos Tsitouras. Approximation Schemes for k-Subset Sum Ratio and k-Way Number Partitioning Ratio. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 44:1-44:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{kanellopoulos_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.44,
  author =	{Kanellopoulos, Sotiris and Mitropoulos, Giorgos and Antonopoulos, Antonis and Leonardos, Nikos and Pagourtzis, Aris and Pergaminelis, Christos and Petsalakis, Stavros and Tsitouras, Kanellos},
  title =	{{Approximation Schemes for k-Subset Sum Ratio and k-Way Number Partitioning Ratio}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-408-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{359},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249521},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: Fully polynomial-time approximation schemes, Subset Sum Ratio, Number Partitioning, Fair division, Envy minimization, Pseudo-polynomial time algorithms}
}
Document
New Approximate Distance Oracles and Their Applications

Authors: Avi Kadria and Liam Roditty

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)


Abstract
Let G = (V, E) be an undirected graph with n vertices and m edges, and let μ = m/n. A distance oracle is a data structure designed to answer approximate distance queries, with the goal of achieving low stretch, efficient space usage, and fast query time. While much of the prior work focused on distance oracles with constant query time, this paper presents a comprehensive study of distance oracles with non-constant query time. We explore the tradeoffs between space, stretch, and query time of distance oracles in various regimes. Specifically, we consider both weighted and unweighted graphs in the regimes of stretch < 2 and stretch ≥ 2. In addition, we demonstrate several applications of our new distance oracles to the n-Pairs Shortest Paths (n-PSP) problem and the All Nodes Shortest Cycles (ANSC) problem. Our main contributions are: - Weighted graphs: We present a new three-way trade-off between stretch, space, and query time, offering a natural extension of the classical Thorup–Zwick distance oracle [STOC’01 and JACM’05] to regimes with larger query time. Specifically, for any 0 < r < 1/2 and integer k ≥ 1, we construct a (2k(1 - 2r) - 1)-stretch distance oracle with Õ(m + n^{1 + 1/k}) space and Õ(μ n^r) query time. This construction provides an asymptotic improvement over the classical (2k - 1)-stretch and O(n^{1 + 1/k})-space tradeoff of Thorup and Zwick in sparse graphs, at the cost of increased query time. We also improve upon a result of Dalirrooyfard et al. [FOCS’22], who presented a (2k - 2)-stretch distance oracle with O(m + n^{1 + 1/k}) space and O(μ n^{1/k}) query time. In our oracle we reduce the stretch from (2k - 2) to (2k - 5) while preserving the same space and query time. - Unweighted graphs: We present a (2k - 5, 4 + 2_{odd})-approximation distance oracle with O(n^{1 + 1/k}) space and O(n^{1/k}) query time. This improves upon a (2k - 2, 2_{odd})-approximation distance oracle of Dalirrooyfard et al. [FOCS’22] while maintaining the same space and query time. We also present a distance oracle that given u,v ∈ V returns an estimate d̂(u,v) ≤ d(u,v) + 2⌈ d(u,v) / 3 ⌉ + 2, using O(n^{4/3 + 2ε}) space and O(n^{1 - 3ε}) query time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first distance oracle that simultaneously achieves a multiplicative stretch < 2, and a space complexity O(n^{1.5 - α}), for some α > 0. - Applications for n-PSP and ANSC: We present an Õ(m^{1 - 1/(k+1)} n)-time algorithm for the n-PSP problem, that for every input pair ⟨s_i,t_i⟩, where i ∈ [n], returns an estimate d̂(s_i, t_i) such that d̂(s_i,t_i) ≤ d(s_i,t_i) + 2⌈d(s_i,t_i)/2k⌉. By allowing a small additive error, this result circumvents the conditional running time lower bound of Ω(m^{2 - 2/(k+1)} ⋅ n^{1/(k+1) - o(1)}), established by Dalirrooyfard et al. [FOCS’22] for achieving (1 + 1/k)-stretch. Additionally, we present an Õ(mn^{1 - 1/k})-time algorithm for the ANSC problem that computes, for every u ∈ V, an estimate ĉ_u such that ĉ_u ≤ SC(u) + 2⌈SC(u)/2(k - 1)⌉, where SC(u) denotes the length of the shortest cycle containing u. This improves upon the Õ(m^{2 - 2/k}n^{1/k})-time algorithm of Dalirrooyfard et al. [FOCS'22], while achieving the same approximation guarantee. We obtain our results by developing several new techniques, among them are the borderline vertices technique and the middle vertex technique, which may be of independent interest.

Cite as

Avi Kadria and Liam Roditty. New Approximate Distance Oracles and Their Applications. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 43:1-43:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{kadria_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.43,
  author =	{Kadria, Avi and Roditty, Liam},
  title =	{{New Approximate Distance Oracles and Their Applications}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
  pages =	{43:1--43:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-408-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{359},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.43},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249514},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.43},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distance oracles, Fine-grained algorithms, Graph algorithms, Data structures}
}
Document
Parameterized Complexity of Directed Traveling Salesman Problem

Authors: Václav Blažej, Andreas Emil Feldmann, Foivos Fioravantes, Paweł Rzążewski, and Ondřej Suchý

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)


Abstract
The Directed Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP) is a variant of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem in which the edges in the graph are directed and a vertex and edge can be visited multiple times. The goal is to find a directed closed walk of minimum length (or total weight) that visits every vertex of the given graph at least once. In a yet more general version, Directed Waypoint Routing Problem (DWRP), some vertices are marked as terminals and we are only required to visit all terminals. Furthermore, each edge has its capacity bounding the number of times this edge can be used by a solution. While both problems (and many other variants of TSP) were extensively investigated, mostly from the approximation point of view, there are surprisingly few results concerning the parameterized complexity. Our starting point is the result of Marx et al. [APPROX/RANDOM 2016] who proved that DTSP is W[1]-hard parameterized by distance to pathwidth 3. In this paper we aim to initiate the systematic complexity study of variants of Directed Traveling Salesman Problem with respect to various, mostly structural, parameters. We show that DWRP is FPT parameterized by the solution size, the feedback edge number and the vertex integrity of the underlying undirected graph. Furthermore, the problem is XP parameterized by treewidth. On the complexity side, we show that the problem is W[1]-hard parameterized by the distance to constant treedepth.

Cite as

Václav Blažej, Andreas Emil Feldmann, Foivos Fioravantes, Paweł Rzążewski, and Ondřej Suchý. Parameterized Complexity of Directed Traveling Salesman Problem. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 15:1-15:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{blazej_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.15,
  author =	{Bla\v{z}ej, V\'{a}clav and Feldmann, Andreas Emil and Fioravantes, Foivos and Rz\k{a}\.{z}ewski, Pawe{\l} and Such\'{y}, Ond\v{r}ej},
  title =	{{Parameterized Complexity of Directed Traveling Salesman Problem}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-408-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{359},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249231},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Directed TSP, parameterized complexity, vertex integrity, treedepth}
}
Document
Traffic-Oblivious Multi-Commodity Flow Network Design

Authors: Markus Chimani and Max Ilsen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)


Abstract
We consider the Minimum Multi-Commodity Flow Subgraph (MMCFS) problem: given a directed graph G with edge capacities cap and a retention ratio α ∈ (0,1), find an edge-wise minimum subgraph G' ⊆ G such that for all traffic matrices T routable in G using a multi-commodity flow, α⋅ T is routable in G'. This natural yet novel problem is motivated by recent research that investigates how the power consumption in backbone computer networks can be reduced by turning off connections during times of low demand without compromising the quality of service. Since the actual traffic demands are generally not known beforehand, our approach must be traffic-oblivious, i.e., work for all possible sets of simultaneously routable traffic demands in the original network. In this paper we present the problem, relate it to other known problems in literature, and show several structural results, including a reformulation, maximum possible deviations from the optimum, and NP-hardness (as well as a certain inapproximability) already on very restricted instances. The most significant contribution is a max(1/α, 2)-approximation based on a surprisingly simple LP-rounding scheme. We also give instances where this worst-case approximation ratio is met and thus prove that our analysis is tight.

Cite as

Markus Chimani and Max Ilsen. Traffic-Oblivious Multi-Commodity Flow Network Design. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 19:1-19:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{chimani_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.19,
  author =	{Chimani, Markus and Ilsen, Max},
  title =	{{Traffic-Oblivious Multi-Commodity Flow Network Design}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-408-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{359},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249273},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-commodity flow, Digraphs, LP-rounding, Approximation algorithm}
}
Document
On the (In)Approximability of the Monitoring Edge Geodetic Set Problem

Authors: Davide Bilò, Giordano Colli, Luca Forlizzi, and Stefano Leucci

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)


Abstract
We study the minimum Monitoring Edge Geodetic Set (MEG-Set) problem introduced in [Foucaud et al., CALDAM'23]: given a graph G, we say that an edge is monitored by a pair u,v of vertices if all shortest paths between u and v traverse e; the goal is to find a subset M of vertices of G such that each edge of G is monitored by at least one pair of vertices in M, and |M| is minimized. In this paper, we prove that all polynomial-time approximation algorithms for the minimum MEG-Set problem must have an approximation ratio of Ω(log n), unless 𝖯 = NP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-constant inapproximability result known for this problem. We also strengthen the known NP-hardness of the problem on 2-apex graphs by showing that the same result holds for 1-apex graphs. This leaves open the question of determining whether the problem remains NP-hard on planar (i.e., 0-apex) graphs. On the positive side, we design an algorithm that computes good approximate solutions for hereditary graph classes that admit efficiently computable balanced separators of truly sublinear size. This immediately yields polynomial-time approximation algorithms achieving an approximation ratio of O(n^{1/4} √{log n}) on planar graphs, graphs with bounded genus, and k-apex graphs with k = O(n^{1/4}). On graphs with bounded treewidth, we obtain an approximation ratio of O(log^{3/2} n). This compares favorably with the best-known approximation algorithm for general graphs, which achieves an approximation ratio of O(√{n log n}) via a simple reduction to the Set Cover problem.

Cite as

Davide Bilò, Giordano Colli, Luca Forlizzi, and Stefano Leucci. On the (In)Approximability of the Monitoring Edge Geodetic Set Problem. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 14:1-14:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{bilo_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.14,
  author =	{Bil\`{o}, Davide and Colli, Giordano and Forlizzi, Luca and Leucci, Stefano},
  title =	{{On the (In)Approximability of the Monitoring Edge Geodetic Set Problem}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-408-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{359},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249226},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Monitoring Edge Geodetic Set, Inapproximability, Approximation Algorithms}
}
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