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Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11
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Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13
Journal: Dagstuhl Reports (DagRep)
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Dagstuhl Seminars 23451, 23452, 23461, 23462, 23471, 23481, 23482Publication Details
- published at: 2024-04-19
- Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
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Complete Issue
Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, November 2023, Complete Issue
Abstract
Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, November 2023, Complete Issue
Cite as
Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 1-198, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{DagRep.13.11,
title = {{Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, November 2023, Complete Issue}},
pages = {1--198},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198411},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11},
annote = {Keywords: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, November 2023, Complete Issue}
}
Document
Front Matter
Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 11, 2023
Abstract
Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 11, 2023
Cite as
Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. i-ii, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{DagRep.13.11.i,
title = {{Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 11, 2023}},
pages = {i--ii},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.i},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198423},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.i},
annote = {Keywords: Table of Contents, Frontmatter}
}
Document
Visualization of Biomedical Data - Shaping the Future and Building Bridges (Dagstuhl Seminar 23451)
Abstract
The last decades of advancements in biology and medicine and their interplay with the visualization domain proved that these fields are naturally tightly connected. Visualization plays an irreplaceable role in making, understanding, and communicating biological and medical discoveries. The goal of Dagstuhl Seminar 23451 was to serve as an interdisciplinary platform for a collective approach to the contemporary and emerging future scientific and societal challenges at the intersection of visualization, biology, and medicine in the context of increasing complexity in data, data analytics, and data-intensive science communication. Building on the success of the previous seminars and our ongoing community efforts, participants of this seminar critically tackled highly relevant scientific questions of interest to the bioinformatics, medical informatics, and visualization communities. These challenges include the increasing complexity and amount of data that are produced in biomedical research, the role of visualization in supporting interdisciplinary research and in communicating biological and medical discoveries to experts and broader audiences, and visualization for a user-centric and trustworthy explainable AI in biomedical applications. The seminar was an important step towards strengthening and widening a sustainable and vibrant interdisciplinary community of biological, medical, and visualization researchers from both academia and industry through an in-depth, comprehensive, and inclusive exchange of ideas, experiences, and perspectives. The identified key topics span methodological, technical, infrastructural, and societal challenges. The discussions and exchange of ideas revolved around the most pressing problems among the biological and biomedical domains and how these problems could be approached through data visualization, thus opening up room for innovation in designs and methodologies.
Cite as
Katja Bühler, Barbora Kozlíková, Michael Krone, Cagatay Turkay, and Ramasamy Pathmanaban. Visualization of Biomedical Data - Shaping the Future and Building Bridges (Dagstuhl Seminar 23451). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 1-19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{buhler_et_al:DagRep.13.11.1,
author = {B\"{u}hler, Katja and Kozl{\'\i}kov\'{a}, Barbora and Krone, Michael and Turkay, Cagatay and Pathmanaban, Ramasamy},
title = {{Visualization of Biomedical Data - Shaping the Future and Building Bridges (Dagstuhl Seminar 23451)}},
pages = {1--19},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
editor = {B\"{u}hler, Katja and Kozl{\'\i}kov\'{a}, Barbora and Krone, Michael and Turkay, Cagatay and Pathmanaban, Ramasamy},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.1},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198438},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.1},
annote = {Keywords: biology, computational biology, interdisciplinary, medicine, visualization}
}
Document
Human-AI Interaction for Work (Dagstuhl Seminar 23452)
Abstract
Work is changing. Who works, where and when they work, which tools they use, how they collaborate with others, how they are trained, and how work interacts with well-being - all these aspects of work are currently undergoing rapid shifts. A key source of changes in work is the advent of computational tools that utilize artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI will increasingly support workers in traditional and non-traditional environments as they perform manual-visual tasks as well as tasks that predominantly require cognitive skills.
Given this emerging landscape for work, the theme of this Dagstuhl Seminar was human-AI interaction for work in both traditional and non-traditional workplaces, and for heterogeneous and diverse teams of remote and on-site workers. We focused on the following research questions:
- How do we allocate tasks between humans and automation in practical settings?
- How can interfaces allow for the appropriate level of human understanding of the roles of human and machine, for the appropriate trust in machines, and how can they reduce incorrect use and confusion?
- How do we support user attention for different tasks, teams, and work environments?
- How can human-automation interaction technology support both work and worker well-being?
At the seminar, we discussed these questions considering their interconnected nature. This focus on interconnectedness of issues was supported by the interdisciplinary group at the Dagstuhl Seminar which was attended by computer scientists/engineers, electrical engineers, human factors engineers, interaction designers, UI/UX designers, and psychologists from industry and academia.
In the following, we report the program, activities, and outcome of our Dagstuhl Seminar 23452 "Human-AI Interaction for Work."
Cite as
Susanne Boll, Andrew L. Kun, Bastian Pfleging, and Orit Shaer. Human-AI Interaction for Work (Dagstuhl Seminar 23452). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 20-71, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{boll_et_al:DagRep.13.11.20,
author = {Boll, Susanne and Kun, Andrew L. and Pfleging, Bastian and Shaer, Orit},
title = {{Human-AI Interaction for Work (Dagstuhl Seminar 23452)}},
pages = {20--71},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
editor = {Boll, Susanne and Kun, Andrew L. and Pfleging, Bastian and Shaer, Orit},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.20},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198444},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.20},
annote = {Keywords: future of work, human-ai interaction}
}
Document
Space and Artificial Intelligence (Dagstuhl Seminar 23461)
Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of the Dagstuhl Seminar 23461 "Space and Artificial Intelligence". The seminar was interdisciplinary, situated at the intersection of research on AI / computer science and space research. Since each of these is a very wide field on its own, we focussed on a selection of topics from each of the two and their intersections.
On the artificial intelligence side, we focused on data-driven AI, which makes use of data in order to produce intelligent behaviour and notably includes machine learning approaches. We also considered knowledge-based AI, which is focussed on the explicit formalisation of human knowledge and its use for tasks such as reasoning, planning, and scheduling. On the space research side, we considered the two major branches of space operations (SO) and Earth observation (EO).
The seminar brought together a diverse set of players, including researchers from academia, on one hand, and practitioners from space agencies (ESA, NASA) and industry, on the other hand. The seminar included plenary talks and parallel group discussions. Through the plenary talks, we obtained insight into the state-of-the-art in the different areas of AI research and space research, and especially in their intersections. Through the parallel group discussions, we identified obstacles and challenges to further progress and charted directions for further work.
Cite as
Sašo Džeroski, Holger H. Hoos, Bertrand Le Saux, Leendert van der Torre, and Ana Kostovska. Space and Artificial Intelligence (Dagstuhl Seminar 23461). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 72-102, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{dzeroski_et_al:DagRep.13.11.72,
author = {D\v{z}eroski, Sa\v{s}o and Hoos, Holger H. and Le Saux, Bertrand and van der Torre, Leendert and Kostovska, Ana},
title = {{Space and Artificial Intelligence (Dagstuhl Seminar 23461)}},
pages = {72--102},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
editor = {D\v{z}eroski, Sa\v{s}o and Hoos, Holger H. and Le Saux, Bertrand and van der Torre, Leendert and Kostovska, Ana},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.72},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198454},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.72},
annote = {Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data-based AI, Knowledge-based AI, Deep Learning, Foundation Models, Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Space Research, Space Operations, Earth Observation}
}
Document
Defining and Fortifying Against Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Social Engineering (Dagstuhl Seminar 23462)
Abstract
Social engineering has become the main vector for human-centered cyber attacks, resulting from an unparalleled level of professionalization in the cybercrime industry over the past years. Hereby, through manipulation, criminals seek to make victims take actions that compromise security, such as revealing credentials, issuing payments, or disclosing confidential information. Little effective means for protection exist today against such attacks beyond raising awareness through education. At the same time, the proliferation of sensors in our everyday lives - both in personal devices and in our (smart) environments - provides an unprecedented opportunity for developing solutions assessing the cognitive vulnerabilities of users and serves as a basis for novel means of protection.
This report documents the program and the outcomes of the Dagstuhl Seminar 23462 "Defining and Fortifying Against Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Social Engineering". This 3-day seminar brought together experts from academia, industry, and the authorities working on social engineering. During the seminar, participants developed a common understanding of social engineering, identified grand challenges, worked on a research agenda, and identified ideas for collaborations in the form of research projects and joint initiatives.
Cite as
Yomna Abdelrahman, Florian Alt, Tilman Dingler, Christopher Hadnagy, Abbie Maroño, and Verena Distler. Defining and Fortifying Against Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Social Engineering (Dagstuhl Seminar 23462). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 103-129, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{abdelrahman_et_al:DagRep.13.11.103,
author = {Abdelrahman, Yomna and Alt, Florian and Dingler, Tilman and Hadnagy, Christopher and Maro\~{n}o, Abbie and Distler, Verena},
title = {{Defining and Fortifying Against Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Social Engineering (Dagstuhl Seminar 23462)}},
pages = {103--129},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
editor = {Abdelrahman, Yomna and Alt, Florian and Dingler, Tilman and Hadnagy, Christopher and Maro\~{n}o, Abbie and Distler, Verena},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.103},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198461},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.103},
annote = {Keywords: Social Engineering, Cognitive Vulnerabilities, Phishing, Vishing}
}
Document
The Next Generation of Deduction Systems: From Composition to Compositionality (Dagstuhl Seminar 23471)
Abstract
Deduction systems are computer procedures that employ inference or transition rules, search strategies, and multiple supporting algorithms, to solve problems by logico-deductive reasoning. They are at the heart of SAT/SMT solvers, theorem provers, and proof assistants. The wide range of successful applications of these tools shows how logico-deductive reasoning is well-suited for machines. Nonetheless, satisfiability and validity are difficult problems, and applications require reasoners to handle large and heterogeneous knowledge bases, and to generate proofs and models of increasing size and diversity. Thus, a vast array of techniques was developed, leading to what was identified during the seminar as a crisis of growth. This crisis manifests itself also as a software crisis, called automated reasoning software crisis at the seminar. Many deduction systems remain prototypes, while relatively few established systems resort to assemble techniques into portfolios that are useful for experiments, but do not lead to breakthroughs.
In order to address this crisis of growth, the Dagstuh Seminar "The Next Generation of Deduction Systems: From Composition to Compositionality" (23471) focused on the key concept of composition, that is, a combination where properties of the components are preserved. Composition applies to all building blocks of deduction: rule systems, strategies, proofs, and models. All these instances of compositions were discussed during the seminar, including for example composition of instance-based and superposition-based inference systems, and composition of modules towards proof production in SMT solvers. Other kinds of composition analyzed during the seminar include the composition of reasoning and learning, and the composition of reasoning systems and knowledge systems. Indeed, reasoners learn within and across derivations, while for applications, from verification to robotics, provers and solvers need to work with other knowledge-based components.
In order to address the automated reasoning software crisis, the seminar elaborated the concept of compositionality, as the engineering counterpart of what is composition at the theory and design levels. The seminar clearly identified modularity as the first step towards compositionality, proposing to decompose existing systems into libraries of modules that can be recomposed in new systems. The ensuing discussion led to the distinction between automated reasoners that are industry powertools and automated reasoners that are pedagogical tools. At the societal level, this distinction is important to counter the phenomenon whereby new students are either discouraged by the impossibility of competing with industry powertools, or induced to join only those research groups that work on industry powertools. In summary, the seminar fully succeeded in promoting the exchange of ideas and suggestions for future work.
Cite as
Maria Paola Bonacina, Pascal Fontaine, Cláudia Nalon, Claudia Schon, and Martin Desharnais. The Next Generation of Deduction Systems: From Composition to Compositionality (Dagstuhl Seminar 23471). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 130-150, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{bonacina_et_al:DagRep.13.11.130,
author = {Bonacina, Maria Paola and Fontaine, Pascal and Nalon, Cl\'{a}udia and Schon, Claudia and Desharnais, Martin},
title = {{The Next Generation of Deduction Systems: From Composition to Compositionality (Dagstuhl Seminar 23471)}},
pages = {130--150},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
editor = {Bonacina, Maria Paola and Fontaine, Pascal and Nalon, Cl\'{a}udia and Schon, Claudia and Desharnais, Martin},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.130},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198472},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.130},
annote = {Keywords: artificial intelligence, automated reasoning, compositionality, deduction, logic}
}
Document
MAD: Microarchitectural Attacks and Defenses (Dagstuhl Seminar 23481)
Abstract
Microarchitectural attacks subvert the security assumptions many software-level security mechanisms rely upon, thereby threatening the security of our IT systems. These attacks exploit the side-effects (like subtle timing differences in a program’s execution time) resulting from a processor’s internal optimizations to leak sensitive information and compromise a system’s security. Building systems that are resistant against such attacks requires fundamentally rethinking the design of hardware and software security mechanisms.
This seminar gathered together leading researchers that are working on security at the hardware-software interface spanning four different communities: computer security, computer architectures, programming languages and verification, and applied cryptography. The goals were to (1) present a comprehensive overview of current advances in microarchitectural attacks and defenses, (2) foster interaction and future collaboration between researchers from different research communities, and (3) identify interesting research directions and open challenges that need to be addressed to build the next generation of systems that are resistant to microarchitectural attacks.
Cite as
Christopher W. Fletcher, Marco Guarnieri, David Kohlbrenner, and Clémentine Maurice. MAD: Microarchitectural Attacks and Defenses (Dagstuhl Seminar 23481). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 151-166, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{fletcher_et_al:DagRep.13.11.151,
author = {Fletcher, Christopher W. and Guarnieri, Marco and Kohlbrenner, David and Maurice, Cl\'{e}mentine},
title = {{MAD: Microarchitectural Attacks and Defenses (Dagstuhl Seminar 23481)}},
pages = {151--166},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
editor = {Fletcher, Christopher W. and Guarnieri, Marco and Kohlbrenner, David and Maurice, Cl\'{e}mentine},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.151},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198488},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.151},
annote = {Keywords: hardware-software co-design for security, microarchitectural attacks, security architectures, side-channel analysis}
}
Document
Social XR: The Future of Communication and Collaboration (Dagstuhl Seminar 23482)
Abstract
We are rapidly moving towards a hybrid world where communication and collaboration occur in reality, virtuality, and everywhere in-between. But, are current technologies ready for such a shift? Social Extended Reality (XR) systems promise to overcome the limitations of current real-time teleconferencing systems, enabling a better sense of immersion, enhancing the sense of presence, and fostering more successful interpersonal interactions. The possibility for familiar, meaningful, and strategically heightened social interaction in XR has positioned immersive technology as the future of real-time communication and collaboration. This Dagstuhl Seminar gathered academics and practitioners from different disciplines to address the open challenges of immersive interaction including the ethical, legal and societal aspects of possible futures. Participants shared their work through rapid talks and XR demos. The seminar organizers provided provocation talks before small groups convened to discuss three topics over three days: XR design approaches, ethics and values; capturing and modelling; and proxemics, metrics, instrumentation and evaluation. We conclude with a set of grand challenges in the field of social XR in the areas of empathic computing, blended reality, assets and datasets, and survey instruments.
Cite as
Mark Billinghurst, Pablo Cesar, Mar Gonzalez-Franco, Katherine Isbister, Julie Williamson, and Alexandra Kitson. Social XR: The Future of Communication and Collaboration (Dagstuhl Seminar 23482). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 11, pp. 167-196, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Article{billinghurst_et_al:DagRep.13.11.167,
author = {Billinghurst, Mark and Cesar, Pablo and Gonzalez-Franco, Mar and Isbister, Katherine and Williamson, Julie and Kitson, Alexandra},
title = {{Social XR: The Future of Communication and Collaboration (Dagstuhl Seminar 23482)}},
pages = {167--196},
journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
ISSN = {2192-5283},
year = {2024},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
editor = {Billinghurst, Mark and Cesar, Pablo and Gonzalez-Franco, Mar and Isbister, Katherine and Williamson, Julie and Kitson, Alexandra},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.11.167},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198492},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.13.11.167},
annote = {Keywords: Social XR, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Extended Reality, Social Computing}
}