Volume

OASIcs, Volume 1

5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)

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Event

WCET 2005, July 5, 2005, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Editor

Reinhard Wilhelm

Publication Details

  • published at: 2007-03-29
  • Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
  • ISBN: 978-3-939897-24-8
  • DBLP: db/conf/wcet/wcet2005

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Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005
OASIcs, Volume 1, WCET 2005, Complete Volume

Authors: Reinhard Wilhelm

Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 1, WCET 2005, Complete Volume
Cite as

5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 1-48, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@Proceedings{wilhelm:OASIcs.WCET.2005,
  title =	{{OASIcs, Volume 1, WCET 2005, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{1--48},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35637},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005},
  annote =	{Keywords: OASIcs, Volume 1, WCET 2005, Complete Volume}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.817
2005 WCET Preface -- Message from the Workshop Chair

Authors: Reinhard Wilhelm

Abstract
You have in front of you the proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis. The workshop was held on the 5th of July 2005 as a satellite event to the 17th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2005) in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. It was the fifth event in the series after the successful meetings in Delft (Holland) in 2001, Vienna (Austria) in 2002, Porto (Portugal) in 2003 and Catania (Italy) in 2004. The goal of these workshops is to bring together people from academia, tool vendors and users in industry that are interested in all aspects of timing analysis for real-time systems. The workshops provide a relaxed forum to present and discuss new ideas, new research directions, and to review current trends in this area. It consisted of short presentations that should encourage discussion by the attendees. The topics of the 2005 workshop included paper on the following topics: - Measurement-based timing-analysis methods, - Experience from industrial case studies, - Architectural issues, and - Timing analysis in real-time education. In addition, there was an invited talk by Lothar Thiele, ETH Zuerich, on Composable Real-Time Analysis. There is no paper about this talk contained in the proceedings. The industrial case studies showed that the techniques have matured to industrial applicability. Better results are achieved if the methods and tools are integrated into the development process. Measurement-based methods were controversially discussed. Further talks showed that much support is needed to deal with architectural features that endanger timing predictability.
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5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. i-vi, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{wilhelm:OASIcs.WCET.2005.817,
  author =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  title =	{{2005 WCET Preface -- Message from the Workshop Chair}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{i--vi},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.817},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8171},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.817},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real time systems, timing analysis, embedded systems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.813
Analysis of Memory Latencies in Multi-Processor Systems

Authors: Jan Stachulat, Simon Schliecker, Matthias Ivers, and Rolf Ernst

Abstract
Predicting timing behavior is key to efficient embedded real-time system design and verification. Current approaches to determine end-to-end latencies in parallel heterogeneous architectures focus on performance analysis either on task or system level. Especially memory accesses, basic operations of embedded application, cannot be accurately captured on a single level alone: While task level methods simplify system behavior, system level methods simplify task behavior. Both perspectives lead to overly pessimistic estimations. To tackle these complex interactions we integrate task and system level analysis. Each analysis level is provided with the necessary data to allow precise computations, while adequate abstraction prevents high time complexity.
Cite as

Jan Stachulat, Simon Schliecker, Matthias Ivers, and Rolf Ernst. Analysis of Memory Latencies in Multi-Processor Systems. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 33-36, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{stachulat_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.813,
  author =	{Stachulat, Jan and Schliecker, Simon and Ivers, Matthias and Ernst, Rolf},
  title =	{{Analysis of Memory Latencies in Multi-Processor Systems}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{33--36},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.813},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8130},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.813},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-processor Performance Analysis, Memory Access Latency, Worst Case Execution Time}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.815
Classification of Code Annotations and Discussion of Compiler-Support for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis

Authors: Raimund Kirner and Peter Puschner

Abstract
Tools for worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis request several code annotations from the user. However, most of them could be avoided or being annotated more comfortably if the compilers would support WCET analysis. This paper provides a clear categorization of code annotations for WCET analysis and discusses the positive impact on code annotations a compiler-support on WCET analysis would have.
Cite as

Raimund Kirner and Peter Puschner. Classification of Code Annotations and Discussion of Compiler-Support for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 41-45, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{kirner_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.815,
  author =	{Kirner, Raimund and Puschner, Peter},
  title =	{{Classification of Code Annotations and Discussion of Compiler-Support for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{41--45},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.815},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8154},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.815},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-Case Execution Time, WCET, Code Annotations, Path Information, Compiler, Real-Time}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.810
Computing the Worst Case Execution Time of an Avionics Program by Abstract Interpretation

Authors: Jean Souyris, Erwan Le Pavec, Guillaume Himbert, Guillaume Borios, Victor Jégu, and Reinhold Heckmann

Abstract
This paper presents how the timing analyser aiT is used for computing the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of two safety-critical avionics programs. The aiT tool has been developed by AbsInt GmbH as a static analyser based on Abstract Interpretation
Cite as

Jean Souyris, Erwan Le Pavec, Guillaume Himbert, Guillaume Borios, Victor Jégu, and Reinhold Heckmann. Computing the Worst Case Execution Time of an Avionics Program by Abstract Interpretation. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 21-24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{souyris_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.810,
  author =	{Souyris, Jean and Le Pavec, Erwan and Himbert, Guillaume and Borios, Guillaume and J\'{e}gu, Victor and Heckmann, Reinhold},
  title =	{{Computing the Worst Case Execution Time of an Avionics Program by Abstract Interpretation}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{21--24},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.810},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8103},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.810},
  annote =	{Keywords: }
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.814
Efficient Analysis of Pipeline Models for WCET Computation

Authors: Stephan Wilhelm

Abstract
Worst-case execution time (WCET) prediction for modern CPU’s cannot make local assumptions about the impact of input information on the global worst-case because of the existence of timing anomalies. Therefore, static analyses on the hardware level must consider a large subset of the reachable states of the underlying hardware model. As the number of states grows, WCET prediction can become infeasible because of the increase in computation time and memory consumption. This paper presents a solution for this problem by defining the static analysis of processor pipelines for WCET computation in terms of operations on binary decision diagrams (BDD’s).
Cite as

Stephan Wilhelm. Efficient Analysis of Pipeline Models for WCET Computation. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 37-40, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{wilhelm:OASIcs.WCET.2005.814,
  author =	{Wilhelm, Stephan},
  title =	{{Efficient Analysis of Pipeline Models for WCET Computation}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{37--40},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.814},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8149},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.814},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time prediction, pipeline analysis, timing anomalies, binary decision diagrams}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.811
Experiences from Industrial WCET Analysis Case Studies

Authors: Andreas Ermedahl, Jan Gustafsson, and Björn Lisper

Abstract
Static Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis is currently taking a step from research to industrial use. We present a summary of three case studies where static WCET analysis has been used to analyse production code for embedded real-time systems. The primary purpose has not been to test the accuracy of the obtained WCET estimates, but rather to investigate the practical and methodological difficulties that arise when applying current WCET analysis methods to these particular kind of systems. In particular, we have been interested in how laborintensive the analysis becomes, for instance by estimating the efforts to study the analysed code in detail, and measuring the number of manual annotations necessary to perform the analysis. From these observations, we draw some conclusions about what would be needed to turn static WCET analysis into a useful tool for embedded and real-time systems software development.
Cite as

Andreas Ermedahl, Jan Gustafsson, and Björn Lisper. Experiences from Industrial WCET Analysis Case Studies. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 25-28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{ermedahl_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.811,
  author =	{Ermedahl, Andreas and Gustafsson, Jan and Lisper, Bj\"{o}rn},
  title =	{{Experiences from Industrial WCET Analysis Case Studies}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{25--28},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.811},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8118},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.811},
  annote =	{Keywords: }
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.816
Exploiting Branch Constraints without Exhaustive Path Enumeration

Authors: Ting Chen, Tulika Mitra, Abhik Roychoudhury, and Vivy Suhendra

Abstract
Statically estimating the worst case execution time (WCET) of a program is important for real-time software. This is difficult even in the programming language level due to the inherent difficulty in detecting and exploiting infeasible paths in a program’s control flow graph. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to exploit infeasible path information for WCET estimation of a loop without resorting to exhaustive path enumeration. The ef- ficiency of our approach is demonstrated with a real-life control-intensive program.
Cite as

Ting Chen, Tulika Mitra, Abhik Roychoudhury, and Vivy Suhendra. Exploiting Branch Constraints without Exhaustive Path Enumeration. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 46-49, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{chen_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.816,
  author =	{Chen, Ting and Mitra, Tulika and Roychoudhury, Abhik and Suhendra, Vivy},
  title =	{{Exploiting Branch Constraints without Exhaustive Path Enumeration}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{46--49},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.816},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8163},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.816},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET, infeasible path, branch constraints}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.807
Issues using the Nexus Interface for Measurement-Based WCET Analysis

Authors: Adam Betts and Guillem Berant

Abstract
Hardware debug interfaces such as Nexus have the power to unleash the full potential of measurement-based WCET approaches due to the passive nature in which timing data are collected from the processor. However, difficulties arise as a result of their restrictive nature, thus disallowing true user freedom in the selection of instrumenta- tion point placement. This paper elaborates on the problems encountered when using the Nexus inter- face in our measurement-based WCET framework, and how some of these issues can be resolved, par- ticularly that of irreducibility.
Cite as

Adam Betts and Guillem Berant. Issues using the Nexus Interface for Measurement-Based WCET Analysis. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 9-12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{betts_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.807,
  author =	{Betts, Adam and Berant, Guillem},
  title =	{{Issues using the Nexus Interface for Measurement-Based WCET Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{9--12},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.807},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8076},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.807},
  annote =	{Keywords: Nexus interface, Measurememt-Based WCET analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.808
Safe measurement-based WCET estimation

Authors: Jean-François Deverge and Isabelle Puaut

Abstract
This paper explores the issues to be addressed to provide safe worst-case execution time (WCET) estimation methods based on measurements. We suggest to use structural testing for the exhaustive exploration of paths in a program. Since test data generation is in general too complex to be used in practice for most real-size programs, we propose to generate test data for program segments only, using program clustering. Moreover, to be able to combine execution time of program segments and to obtain the WCET of the whole program, we advocate the use of compiler techniques to reduce (ideally eliminate) the timing variability of program segments and to make the time of program segments independent from one another.
Cite as

Jean-François Deverge and Isabelle Puaut. Safe measurement-based WCET estimation. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 13-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{deverge_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.808,
  author =	{Deverge, Jean-Fran\c{c}ois and Puaut, Isabelle},
  title =	{{Safe measurement-based WCET estimation}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{13--16},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.808},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8089},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.808},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-Time, Timing Analysis, Test-Case generation, Processor Architecture}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.812
Using a WCET Analysis Tool in Real-Time Systems Education

Authors: Samuel Petersson, Andreas Ermedahl, Anders Pettersson, Daniel Sundmark, and Niklas Holsti

Abstract
To reach a more widespread use, WCET analysis tools need to be a standard part in the education of embedded systems developers. Many real-time courses in academia use Lego Mindstorms, an off-the-shelf kit of Lego bricks for building and controlling small prototype robots. We describe work on porting the Bound-T WCET analysis tool to the Lego Mindstorms microprocessor; the Renesas H8/3292. We believe that this work will make students, and indirectly the industry of tomorrow, aware of the benefits of WCET analysis tools. We also present the real-time laboratory framework in which this WCET analysis tool will be used. The framework has been developed with schedulability and timing predictability in mind, and is already used in a number of real-time courses given at M¨alardalen University in Sweden. The developed WCET tool and the real-time laboratory framework will be freely available for academic use.
Cite as

Samuel Petersson, Andreas Ermedahl, Anders Pettersson, Daniel Sundmark, and Niklas Holsti. Using a WCET Analysis Tool in Real-Time Systems Education. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 29-32, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{petersson_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2005.812,
  author =	{Petersson, Samuel and Ermedahl, Andreas and Pettersson, Anders and Sundmark, Daniel and Holsti, Niklas},
  title =	{{Using a WCET Analysis Tool in Real-Time Systems Education}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{29--32},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.812},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8126},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.812},
  annote =	{Keywords: }
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.809
WCET measurement using modified path testing

Authors: Nicky Williams

Abstract
Prediction of Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) is made increasingly difficult by the recent developments in micro-processor architectures. Instead of predicting the WCET using techniques such as static analysis, the effective execution time can be measured when the program is run on the target architecture ir a cycle-accurate simulator. However, exhaustive measurments on all possible input values are usually prohibited by the numer of possible input values. As a first step towardsa solution, we propose path testing using the PathCrawler tool to automatically generate test inputs for all feasible execution paths in C source code. For programs containing too many execution paths for this approach to be feasible, we propose to modify PathCrawler's strategy in order to cut down on the number of generated tests while still ensuring measurment of the path with the longest execution time.
Cite as

Nicky Williams. WCET measurement using modified path testing. In 5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 1, pp. 17-20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{williams:OASIcs.WCET.2005.809,
  author =	{Williams, Nicky},
  title =	{{WCET measurement using modified path testing}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'05)},
  pages =	{17--20},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-24-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{1},
  editor =	{Wilhelm, Reinhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.809},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-8094},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2005.809},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET measurement, automatic generation of test inputs, path coverage, PathCrawler}
}

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