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Trust, Accountability, and Autonomy in Knowledge Graph-Based AI for Self-Determination

Authors: Luis-Daniel Ibáñez, John Domingue, Sabrina Kirrane, Oshani Seneviratne, Aisling Third, and Maria-Esther Vidal

Published in: TGDK, Volume 1, Issue 1 (2023): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 1, Issue 1

Abstract

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have emerged as fundamental platforms for powering intelligent decision-making and a wide range of Artificial Intelligence (AI) services across major corporations such as Google, Walmart, and AirBnb. KGs complement Machine Learning (ML) algorithms by providing data context and semantics, thereby enabling further inference and question-answering capabilities. The integration of KGs with neuronal learning (e.g., Large Language Models (LLMs)) is currently a topic of active research, commonly named neuro-symbolic AI. Despite the numerous benefits that can be accomplished with KG-based AI, its growing ubiquity within online services may result in the loss of self-determination for citizens as a fundamental societal issue. The more we rely on these technologies, which are often centralised, the less citizens will be able to determine their own destinies. To counter this threat, AI regulation, such as the European Union (EU) AI Act, is being proposed in certain regions. The regulation sets what technologists need to do, leading to questions concerning How the output of AI systems can be trusted? What is needed to ensure that the data fuelling and the inner workings of these artefacts are transparent? How can AI be made accountable for its decision-making? This paper conceptualises the foundational topics and research pillars to support KG-based AI for self-determination. Drawing upon this conceptual framework, challenges and opportunities for citizen self-determination are illustrated and analysed in a real-world scenario. As a result, we propose a research agenda aimed at accomplishing the recommended objectives.

Cite as

Luis-Daniel Ibáñez, John Domingue, Sabrina Kirrane, Oshani Seneviratne, Aisling Third, and Maria-Esther Vidal. Trust, Accountability, and Autonomy in Knowledge Graph-Based AI for Self-Determination. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 9:1-9:32, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Article{ibanez_et_al:TGDK.1.1.9,
  author =	{Ib\'{a}\~{n}ez, Luis-Daniel and Domingue, John and Kirrane, Sabrina and Seneviratne, Oshani and Third, Aisling and Vidal, Maria-Esther},
  title =	{{Trust, Accountability, and Autonomy in Knowledge Graph-Based AI for Self-Determination}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{9:1--9:32},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{1},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.1.1.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194839},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.1.1.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Trust, Accountability, Autonomy, AI, Knowledge Graphs}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Gabbrielli.9

A Concurrent Language for Argumentation: Preliminary Notes

Authors: Stefano Bistarelli and Carlo Taticchi

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 86, Recent Developments in the Design and Implementation of Programming Languages (2020)

Abstract

While agent-based modelling languages naturally implement concurrency, the currently available languages for argumentation do not allow to explicitly model this type of interaction. In this paper we introduce a concurrent language for handling process arguing and communicating using a shared argumentation framework (reminding shared constraint store as in concurrent constraint). We introduce also basic expansions, contraction and revision procedures as main bricks for enforcement, debate, negotiation and persuasion.

Cite as

Stefano Bistarelli and Carlo Taticchi. A Concurrent Language for Argumentation: Preliminary Notes. In Recent Developments in the Design and Implementation of Programming Languages. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 86, pp. 9:1-9:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bistarelli_et_al:OASIcs.Gabbrielli.9,
  author =	{Bistarelli, Stefano and Taticchi, Carlo},
  title =	{{A Concurrent Language for Argumentation: Preliminary Notes}},
  booktitle =	{Recent Developments in the Design and Implementation of Programming Languages},
  pages =	{9:1--9:22},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-171-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{86},
  editor =	{de Boer, Frank S. and Mauro, Jacopo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Gabbrielli.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-132311},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Gabbrielli.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Argumentation, Concurrent Language, Debating, Negotiation, Belief Revision}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.6

Urban Artefacts and Their Social Roles: Towards an Ontology of Social Practices

Authors: Alessia Calafiore, Guido Boella, Stefano Borgo, and Nicola Guarino

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 86, 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2017)

Abstract

Cities can be seen as systems of urban artefacts interacting with human activities. Since cities in this sense need to be organized and coordinated, convergences and divergences between the "planned" and the "lived" city have always been of paramount interest in urban planning. The increasing amount of geo big data and the growing impact of Internet of Things (IoT) in contemporary smart city is pushing toward a re-conceptualization of urban systems taking into consideration the complexity of human behaviors. This work contributes to this view by proposing an ontological analysis of urban artefacts and their roles, focusing in particular on the difference between social roles and functional roles through the prism of social practices.

Cite as

Alessia Calafiore, Guido Boella, Stefano Borgo, and Nicola Guarino. Urban Artefacts and Their Social Roles: Towards an Ontology of Social Practices. In 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 86, pp. 6:1-6:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{calafiore_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.6,
  author =	{Calafiore, Alessia and Boella, Guido and Borgo, Stefano and Guarino, Nicola},
  title =	{{Urban Artefacts and Their Social Roles: Towards an Ontology of Social Practices}},
  booktitle =	{13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2017)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-043-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{86},
  editor =	{Clementini, Eliseo and Donnelly, Maureen and Yuan, May and Kray, Christian and Fogliaroni, Paolo and Ballatore, Andrea},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-77642},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: urban artefact, ontology, social practice, urban planning}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10152.1

10152 Abstracts Collection – Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Languages

Authors: Guido Boella, Erik Meijer, David J. Pearce, Friedrich Steimann, and Frank Tip

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10152, Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Programming Languages (2010)

Abstract

From 11/04/10 to 16/04/10, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10152 ``Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Programming Languages'' was held in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.

Cite as

Guido Boella, Erik Meijer, David J. Pearce, Friedrich Steimann, and Frank Tip. 10152 Abstracts Collection – Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Languages. In Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Programming Languages. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10152, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2010)

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@InProceedings{boella_et_al:DagSemProc.10152.1,
  author =	{Boella, Guido and Meijer, Erik and Pearce, David J. and Steimann, Friedrich and Tip, Frank},
  title =	{{10152 Abstracts Collection – Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Languages}},
  booktitle =	{Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Programming Languages},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2010},
  volume =	{10152},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Erik Meijer and David J. Pearce and Friedrich Steimann and Frank Tip},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10152.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-25750},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10152.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Relationships, Roles, Software Modelling, Programming Languages}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10152.2

10152 Executive Summary – Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Languages

Authors: Guido Boella, Erik Meijer, David J. Pearce, Friedrich Steimann, and Frank Tip

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10152, Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Programming Languages (2010)

Abstract

During the 4 days of the seminar, 21 talks, 4 tutorials and 6 demos were given by the participants. In addition, a beauty contest was run on the last day, where participants were invited to solve a benchmark problem using their system.

Cite as

Guido Boella, Erik Meijer, David J. Pearce, Friedrich Steimann, and Frank Tip. 10152 Executive Summary – Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Languages. In Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Programming Languages. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10152, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2010)

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@InProceedings{boella_et_al:DagSemProc.10152.2,
  author =	{Boella, Guido and Meijer, Erik and Pearce, David J. and Steimann, Friedrich and Tip, Frank},
  title =	{{10152 Executive Summary – Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Languages}},
  booktitle =	{Relationships, Objects, Roles, and Queries in Modern Programming Languages},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2010},
  volume =	{10152},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Erik Meijer and David J. Pearce and Friedrich Steimann and Frank Tip},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10152.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-25743},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10152.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Relationships, Roles, Software Modelling, Programming Languages}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.1

09121 Abstracts Collection – Normative Multi-Agent Systems

Authors: Guido Boella, Pablo Noriega, and Gabriella Pigozzi

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

From 15.03. to 20.03.2009, the Dagstuhl Seminar 09121 ``Normative Multi-Agent Systems '' was held in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general.

Cite as

Guido Boella, Pablo Noriega, and Gabriella Pigozzi. 09121 Abstracts Collection – Normative Multi-Agent Systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{boella_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.1,
  author =	{Boella, Guido and Noriega, Pablo and Pigozzi, Gabriella},
  title =	{{09121 Abstracts Collection – Normative Multi-Agent Systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19229},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Similarity-based clustering and classification, metric adaptation and kernel design, learning on graphs, spatiotemporal data}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.2

Normative Systems in Computer Science - Ten Guidelines for Normative Multiagent Systems

Authors: Guido Boella, Gabriella Pigozzi, and Leendert van der Torre

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

In this paper we introduce and discuss ten guidelines for the use of normative systems in computer science. We adopt a multiagent sys- tems perspective, because norms are used to coordinate, organize, guide, regulate or control interaction among distributed autonomous systems. The first six guidelines are derived from the computer science literature. From the so-called ‘normchange’ definition of the first workshop on nor- mative multiagent systems in 2005 we derive the guidelines to motivate which definition of normative multiagent system is used, to make explicit why norms are a kind of (soft) constraints deserving special analysis, and to explain why and how norms can be changed at runtime. From the so-called ‘mechanism design’ definition of the second workshop on nor- mative multiagent systems in 2007 we derive the guidelines to discuss the use and role of norms as a mechanism in a game-theoretic setting, clarify the role of norms in the multiagent system, and to relate the no- tion of “norm” to the legal, social, or moral literature. The remaining four guidelines follow from the philosophical literature: use norms also to resolve dilemmas, and in general to coordinate, organize, guide, regulate or control interaction among agents, distinguish norms from obligations, prohibitions and permissions, use the deontic paradoxes only to illustrate the normative multiagent system, and consider regulative norms in rela- tion to other kinds of norms and other social-cognitive computer science concepts.

Cite as

Guido Boella, Gabriella Pigozzi, and Leendert van der Torre. Normative Systems in Computer Science - Ten Guidelines for Normative Multiagent Systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{boella_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.2,
  author =	{Boella, Guido and Pigozzi, Gabriella and van der Torre, Leendert},
  title =	{{Normative Systems in Computer Science - Ten Guidelines for Normative Multiagent Systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--21},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19029},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative systems - Guidelines - Norms - Multiagent systems - Deontic logic}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3

A categorization of simulation works on norms

Authors: Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Stephen Cranefield

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

In multi-agent systems, software agents are modelled to possess characteristics and behaviour borrowed from human societies. Norms are expectations of behaviours of the agents in a society. Norms can be established in a society in different ways. In human societies, there are several types of norms such as moral norms, social norms and legal norms (laws). In artificial agent societies, the designers can impose these norms on the agents. Being autonomous, agents might not always follow the norms. Monitoring and controlling mechanisms should be in place to enforce norms. As the agents are autonomous, they themselves can evolve new norms while adapting to changing needs. In order to design and develop robust artificial agent societies, it is important to understand different approaches proposed by researchers by which norms can spread and emerge within agent societies. This paper makes two contributions to the study of norms. Firstly, based on the simulation works on norms, we propose a life-cycle model for norms. Secondly, we discuss different mechanisms used by researchers to study norm creation, spreading, enforcement and emergence.

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Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Stephen Cranefield. A categorization of simulation works on norms. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{savarimuthu_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.3,
  author =	{Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy and Cranefield, Stephen},
  title =	{{A categorization of simulation works on norms}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--20},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19057},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norms, creation, spreading, enforcement, emergence}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.4

A convention or (tacit) agreement betwixt us

Authors: Giulia Andrighetto, Luca Tummolini, Cristiano Castelfranchi, and Rosaria Conte

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to show that conventions are sources of tacit agreements. Such agreements are tacit in the sense that they are implicated by what the agents do (or forbear to do) though without that any communication between them be necessary. Conventions are sources of tacit agreements under two substantial assumptions: (1) that there is a salient interpretation, in some contexts, of every-one’s silence as confirmatory of the others’ expectations, and (2) that the agents share a value of not hostility. To characterize the normativity of agreements the Principle of Reliability is introduced.

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Giulia Andrighetto, Luca Tummolini, Cristiano Castelfranchi, and Rosaria Conte. A convention or (tacit) agreement betwixt us. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{andrighetto_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.4,
  author =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Tummolini, Luca and Castelfranchi, Cristiano and Conte, Rosaria},
  title =	{{A convention or (tacit) agreement betwixt us}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--28},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19194},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Agreement, convention, norm, pragmatics}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.5

A Conviviality Measure for Early Requirement Phase

Authors: Patrice Caire and Leendert van der Torre

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the design of convivial multi-agent systems. Conviviality has recently been proposed as a social concept to develop multi-agent systems. In this paper we introduce temporal dependence networks to model the evolution of dependence networks and conviviality over time, we introduce epistemic dependence networks to combine the viewpoints of stakeholders, and we introduce normative dependence networks to model the transformation of social dependencies by hiding power relations and social structures to facilitate social interactions. We show how to use these visual languages in design, and we illustrate the design method using an example on virtual children adoptions.

Cite as

Patrice Caire and Leendert van der Torre. A Conviviality Measure for Early Requirement Phase. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{caire_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.5,
  author =	{Caire, Patrice and van der Torre, Leendert},
  title =	{{A Conviviality Measure for Early Requirement Phase}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--16},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-18999},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-agent systems}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.6

A Framework for Normative MultiAgent Organisations

Authors: Olivier Boissier and Jomi Fred Hübner

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

The social and organisational aspects of agency have led to a good amount of theoretical work in terms of formal models and theories. From these different works normative multiagent systems and multiagent organisations are particularily considered in this paper. Embodying such models and theories in the conception and engineering of proper infrastructures that achieve requirements of openness and adaptation, is still an open issue. In this direction, this paper presents and discusses a framework for normative multiagent organisations. Based on the Agents and Artifacts meta-model (A&A), it introduces organisational artifacts as first class entities to instrument the normative organisation for supporting agents activities within it.

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Olivier Boissier and Jomi Fred Hübner. A Framework for Normative MultiAgent Organisations. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{boissier_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.6,
  author =	{Boissier, Olivier and H\"{u}bner, Jomi Fred},
  title =	{{A Framework for Normative MultiAgent Organisations}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--25},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19033},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative system, organisation, artifacts, norm enforcement}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.7

A modal logic for reasoning on consistency and completeness of regulations

Authors: Christophe Garion, Stéphanie Roussel, and Laurence Cholvy

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

In this paper, we deal with regulations that may exist in multi-agent systems in order to regulate agent behaviour and we discuss two properties of regulations, that is consistency and completeness. After defining what consistency and completeness mean, we propose a way to consistently complete incomplete regulations. In this contribution, we extend previous works and we consider that regulations are expressed in a first order modal deontic logic.

Cite as

Christophe Garion, Stéphanie Roussel, and Laurence Cholvy. A modal logic for reasoning on consistency and completeness of regulations. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{garion_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.7,
  author =	{Garion, Christophe and Roussel, St\'{e}phanie and Cholvy, Laurence},
  title =	{{A modal logic for reasoning on consistency and completeness of regulations}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19047},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Regulations, consistency, completeness, deontic logic, default logic}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.8

A note on brute vs. institutional facts

Authors: Davide Grossi

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

The paper investigates the famous Searlean distinction between "brute" and "institutional" concepts from a logical point of view. We show how the partitioning of the non-logical alphabet—e.g., into "brute" and "institutional" atoms—gives rise to interesting modal properties. A modal logic, called UpTo-logic, is introduced and investigated which formalizes the notion of (propositional) logical equivalence up to a given signature.

Cite as

Davide Grossi. A note on brute vs. institutional facts. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{grossi:DagSemProc.09121.8,
  author =	{Grossi, Davide},
  title =	{{A note on brute vs. institutional facts}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--10},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19103},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Modal logic, brute and institutional facts}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.9

A Taxonomy for Ensuring Institutional Compliance in Utility Computing

Authors: Tina Balke

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

With the ongoing evolution from closed to open distributed systems and the lifting of the assumption that agents acting in such a system do not pursue own goals and act in the best interest of the society, new problems arise. One of them is that compliance cannot be assumed necessarily and consequently trust issues arise. One way of tackling this problem is by regulating the behavior of the agents with the help of institutions. However for institutions to function effectively their compliance needs to be ensured. Using a utility computing scenario as sample application, this paper presents a general applicable taxonomy for ensuring compliance that can be consulted for analyzing, comparing and developing enforcement strategies and hopefully will stimulate research in this area.

Cite as

Tina Balke. A Taxonomy for Ensuring Institutional Compliance in Utility Computing. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{balke:DagSemProc.09121.9,
  author =	{Balke, Tina},
  title =	{{A Taxonomy for Ensuring Institutional Compliance in Utility Computing}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19012},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Institutions, Compliance, Enforcement, Regimentation, Norms, Sanctions, Utility Computing}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.10

An essay on msic-systems

Authors: Jan Odelstad

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract

A theory of many-sorted implicative conceptual systems (abbreviated msic-systems) is outlined. Examples of msic-systems include legal systems, normative systems, systems of rules and instructions, and systems expressing policies and various kinds of scientific theories. In computer science, msic-systems can be used in, for instance, legal information systems, decision support systems, and multi-agent systems. In this essay, msic-systems are approached from a logical and algebraic perspective aiming at clarifying their structure and developing effective methods for representing them. Of special interest are the most narrow links or joinings between different strata in a system, that is between subsystems of different sorts of concepts, and the intermediate concepts intervening between such strata. Special emphasis is put on normative systems, and the role that intermediate concepts play in such systems, with an eye on knowledge representation issues. In this essay, normative concepts are constructed out of descriptive concepts using operators based on the Kanger-Lindahl theory of normative positions. An abstract architecture for a norm-regulated multi-agent system is suggested, containing a scheme for how normative positions will restrict the set of actions that the agents are permitted to choose from.

Cite as

Jan Odelstad. An essay on msic-systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-39, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{odelstad:DagSemProc.09121.10,
  author =	{Odelstad, Jan},
  title =	{{An essay on msic-systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--39},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19146},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Concept formation, Intermediary, Intermediate concept, Legal concept, Normative system, Normative position, Norm-regulated system, Agent architecture.}
}

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