14 Search Results for "Crawford, Tim"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagMan.11.1.1
Climate Change: What is Computing’s Responsibility? (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 25122)

Authors: Bran Knowles, Vicki L. Hanson, Christoph Becker, Mike Berners-Lee, Andrew A. Chien, Benoit Combemale, Vlad Coroamă, Koen De Bosschere, Yi Ding, Adrian Friday, Boris Gamazaychikov, Lynda Hardman, Simon Hinterholzer, Mattias Höjer, Lynn Kaack, Lenneke Kuijer, Anne-Laure Ligozat, Jan Tobias Muehlberg, Yunmook Nah, Thomas Olsson, Anne-Cécile Orgerie, Daniel Pargman, Birgit Penzenstadler, Tom Romanoff, Emma Strubell, Colin Venters, and Junhua Zhao

Published in: Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 11, Issue 1 (2025)

Abstract
This Manifesto was produced from the Perspectives Workshop 25122 entitled "Climate Change: What is Computing’s Responsibility?" held March 16-19, 2025 at Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany. The Workshop provided a forum for world-leading computer scientists and expert consultants on environmental policy and sustainable transition to engage in a critical and urgent conversation about computing’s responsibilities in addressing climate change - or more aptly, climate crisis. The resulting Manifesto outlines commitments and directions for future action which, if adopted as a basis for more responsible computing practices, will help ensure that these technologies do not threaten the long-term habitability of the planet. We preface our Manifesto with a recognition that humanity is on a path that is not in agreement with international global warming targets and explore how computing technologies are currently hastening the overshoot of these boundaries. We critically assess the vaunted potential for harnessing computing technologies for the mitigation of global warming, agreeing that, under current circumstances, computing is contributing to negative environmental impacts in other sectors. Computing primarily improves efficiency and reduces costs which leads to more consumption and more negative environmental impact. Relying solely on efficiency gains in computing has thus far proven to be insufficient to curb global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, computing’s purpose within a strategy for tackling climate change must be reimagined. Our recommendations cover changes that need to be urgently made to the design priorities of computing technologies, but also speak to the more systemic shift in mindset, with sustainability and human rights providing a necessary moral foundation for developing the kinds of computing technologies most needed by society. We also stress the importance of digital policy that accounts for both the direct material impacts of computing and the detrimental indirect impacts arising from computing-enabled efficiencies, and the role of computing professionals in informing policy making.
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Bran Knowles, Vicki L. Hanson, Christoph Becker, Mike Berners-Lee, Andrew A. Chien, Benoit Combemale, Vlad Coroamă, Koen De Bosschere, Yi Ding, Adrian Friday, Boris Gamazaychikov, Lynda Hardman, Simon Hinterholzer, Mattias Höjer, Lynn Kaack, Lenneke Kuijer, Anne-Laure Ligozat, Jan Tobias Muehlberg, Yunmook Nah, Thomas Olsson, Anne-Cécile Orgerie, Daniel Pargman, Birgit Penzenstadler, Tom Romanoff, Emma Strubell, Colin Venters, and Junhua Zhao. Climate Change: What is Computing’s Responsibility? (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 25122). In Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 11, Issue 1, pp. 1-18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@Article{knowles_et_al:DagMan.11.1.1,
  author =	{Knowles, Bran and Hanson, Vicki L. and Becker, Christoph and Berners-Lee, Mike and Chien, Andrew A. and Combemale, Benoit and Coroam\u{a}, Vlad and De Bosschere, Koen and Ding, Yi and Friday, Adrian and Gamazaychikov, Boris and Hardman, Lynda and Hinterholzer, Simon and H\"{o}jer, Mattias and Kaack, Lynn and Kuijer, Lenneke and Ligozat, Anne-Laure and Muehlberg, Jan Tobias and Nah, Yunmook and Olsson, Thomas and Orgerie, Anne-C\'{e}cile and Pargman, Daniel and Penzenstadler, Birgit and Romanoff, Tom and Strubell, Emma and Venters, Colin and Zhao, Junhua},
  title =	{{Climate Change: What is Computing’s Responsibility? (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 25122)}},
  pages =	{1--18},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Manifestos},
  ISSN =	{2193-2433},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{11},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Knowles, Bran and Hanson, Vicki L. and Becker, Christoph and Berners-Lee, Mike and Chien, Andrew A. and Combemale, Benoit and Coroam\u{a}, Vlad and De Bosschere, Koen and Ding, Yi and Friday, Adrian and Gamazaychikov, Boris and Hardman, Lynda and Hinterholzer, Simon and H\"{o}jer, Mattias and Kaack, Lynn and Kuijer, Lenneke and Ligozat, Anne-Laure and Muehlberg, Jan Tobias and Nah, Yunmook and Olsson, Thomas and Orgerie, Anne-C\'{e}cile and Pargman, Daniel and Penzenstadler, Birgit and Romanoff, Tom and Strubell, Emma and Venters, Colin and Zhao, Junhua},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagMan.11.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-250724},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagMan.11.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: sustainability, climate change, efficiency, supply chain management, climate modelling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.26
Movement in Low Gravity (MoLo) – LUNA: Biomechanical Modelling to Mitigate Lunar Surface Operation Risks

Authors: David Andrew Green

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 130, Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025)

Abstract
The Artemis programme seeks to develop and test concepts, hardware and approaches to support long term habitation of the Lunar surface, and future missions to Mars. In preparation for the Artemis missions determination of tasks to be performed, the functional requirements of such tasks and as mission duration extends whether physiological deconditioning becomes functionally significant, compromising the crew member’s ability to perform critical tasks on the surface, and/or upon return to earth [MoLo-LUNA – leveraging the Molo programme (and several other activities) - could become a key supporting activity for LUNA incl. validation of the Puppeteer offloading system itself via creation of a complementary MoLo-LUNA-LAB. Furthermore, the MoLo-LUNA programme could become a key facilitator of simulator suit instrumentation/definition, broader astronaut training activities and mission architecture development – including Artemis mission simulations. By employing a Puppeteer system external to the LUNA chamber hall it will optimise utilisation and cost-effectiveness of LUNA, and as such represents a critical service to future LUNA stakeholders. Furthermore, MoLo-LUNA would generate a unique data set that can be leveraged to predict de-conditioning on the Lunar surface - and thereby optimise functionality, and minimise mission risk – including informing the need for, and prescription of exercise countermeasures on the Lunar Surface and in transit. Thus, MoLo-LUNA offers a unique opportunity to place LUNA, and ESA as a key ongoing provider of evidence to define, optimise and support crew Artemis surface missions.
Cite as

David Andrew Green. Movement in Low Gravity (MoLo) – LUNA: Biomechanical Modelling to Mitigate Lunar Surface Operation Risks. In Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 130, pp. 26:1-26:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{green:OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.26,
  author =	{Green, David Andrew},
  title =	{{Movement in Low Gravity (MoLo) – LUNA: Biomechanical Modelling to Mitigate Lunar Surface Operation Risks}},
  booktitle =	{Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-384-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{130},
  editor =	{Bensch, Leonie and Nilsson, Tommy and Nisser, Martin and Pataranutaporn, Pat and Schmidt, Albrecht and Sumini, Valentina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-240166},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Locomotion, hypogravity, modelling, Lunar}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.22
When Are Welfare Guarantees Robust?

Authors: Tim Roughgarden, Inbal Talgam-Cohen, and Jan Vondrák

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 81, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2017)

Abstract
Computational and economic results suggest that social welfare maximization and combinatorial auction design are much easier when bidders' valuations satisfy the "gross substitutes" condition. The goal of this paper is to evaluate rigorously the folklore belief that the main take-aways from these results remain valid in settings where the gross substitutes condition holds only approximately. We show that for valuations that pointwise approximate a gross substitutes valuation (in fact even a linear valuation), optimal social welfare cannot be approximated to within a subpolynomial factor and demand oracles cannot be simulated using a subexponential number of value queries. We then provide several positive results by imposing additional structure on the valuations (beyond gross substitutes), using a more stringent notion of approximation, and/or using more powerful oracle access to the valuations. For example, we prove that the performance of the greedy algorithm degrades gracefully for near-linear valuations with approximately decreasing marginal values; that with demand queries, approximate welfare guarantees for XOS valuations degrade gracefully for valuations that are pointwise close to XOS; and that the performance of the Kelso-Crawford auction degrades gracefully for valuations that are close to various subclasses of gross substitutes valuations.
Cite as

Tim Roughgarden, Inbal Talgam-Cohen, and Jan Vondrák. When Are Welfare Guarantees Robust?. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 81, pp. 22:1-22:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{roughgarden_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.22,
  author =	{Roughgarden, Tim and Talgam-Cohen, Inbal and Vondr\'{a}k, Jan},
  title =	{{When Are Welfare Guarantees Robust?}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2017)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-044-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{81},
  editor =	{Jansen, Klaus and Rolim, Jos\'{e} D. P. and Williamson, David P. and Vempala, Santosh S.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-75714},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2017.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Valuation (set) functions, gross substitutes, linearity, approximation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DFU.Vol3.11041.227
Music Information Technology and Professional Stakeholder Audiences: Mind the Adoption Gap

Authors: Cynthia C.S. Liem, Andreas Rauber, Thomas Lidy, Richard Lewis, Christopher Raphael, Joshua D. Reiss, Tim Crawford, and Alan Hanjalic

Published in: Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 3, Multimodal Music Processing (2012)

Abstract
The academic discipline focusing on the processing and organization of digital music information, commonly known as Music Information Retrieval (MIR), has multidisciplinary roots and interests. Thus, MIR technologies have the potential to have impact across disciplinary boundaries and to enhance the handling of music information in many different user communities. However, in practice, many MIR research agenda items appear to have a hard time leaving the lab in order to be widely adopted by their intended audiences. On one hand, this is because the MIR field still is relatively young, and technologies therefore need to mature. On the other hand, there may be deeper, more fundamental challenges with regard to the user audience. In this contribution, we discuss MIR technology adoption issues that were experienced with professional music stakeholders in audio mixing, performance, musicology and sales industry. Many of these stakeholders have mindsets and priorities that differ considerably from those of most MIR academics, influencing their reception of new MIR technology. We mention the major observed differences and their backgrounds, and argue that these are essential to be taken into account to allow for truly successful cross-disciplinary collaboration and technology adoption in MIR.
Cite as

Cynthia C.S. Liem, Andreas Rauber, Thomas Lidy, Richard Lewis, Christopher Raphael, Joshua D. Reiss, Tim Crawford, and Alan Hanjalic. Music Information Technology and Professional Stakeholder Audiences: Mind the Adoption Gap. In Multimodal Music Processing. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 3, pp. 227-246, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@InCollection{liem_et_al:DFU.Vol3.11041.227,
  author =	{Liem, Cynthia C.S. and Rauber, Andreas and Lidy, Thomas and Lewis, Richard and Raphael, Christopher and Reiss, Joshua D. and Crawford, Tim and Hanjalic, Alan},
  title =	{{Music Information Technology and Professional Stakeholder Audiences: Mind the Adoption Gap}},
  booktitle =	{Multimodal Music Processing},
  pages =	{227--246},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Follow-Ups},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-37-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8977},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{3},
  editor =	{M\"{u}ller, Meinard and Goto, Masataka and Schedl, Markus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DFU.Vol3.11041.227},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-34759},
  doi =		{10.4230/DFU.Vol3.11041.227},
  annote =	{Keywords: music information retrieval, music computing, domain expertise, technology adoption, user needs, cross-disciplinary collaboration}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.1
06171 Abstracts Collection – Content-Based Retrieval

Authors: Remco C. Veltkamp and Tim Crawford

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
From 23.04.06 to 28.04.06, the Dagstuhl Seminar 06171 `Content-Based Retrieval'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
Cite as

Remco C. Veltkamp and Tim Crawford. 06171 Abstracts Collection – Content-Based Retrieval. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{veltkamp_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.1,
  author =	{Veltkamp, Remco C. and Crawford, Tim},
  title =	{{06171 Abstracts Collection – Content-Based Retrieval}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--19},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-7204},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Content-based retrieval, indexing, video analysis, music similarity, shape similarity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.2
06171 Executive Summary – Content-Based Retrieval

Authors: Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
The emphasis of the fourth seminar in the Dagstuhl Seminar series on "Content-Based Retrieval" lies on the PERCEPTUAL and COGNITIVE aspects of all kinds of content-based retrieval. Fundamental questions such as the role of perception and cognition in feature extraction, pattern similarity rating, indexing large collections etc. play an important role.
Cite as

Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp. 06171 Executive Summary – Content-Based Retrieval. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{crawford_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.2,
  author =	{Crawford, Tim and Veltkamp, Remco C.},
  title =	{{06171 Executive Summary – Content-Based Retrieval }},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-7577},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Content-based retrieval, indexing, video analysis, music similarity, shape similarity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.3
A User-Oriented Approach to Music Information Retrieval

Authors: Micheline Lesaffre, Marc Leman, and Jean-Pierre Martens

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
Search and retrieval of specific musical content (e.g. emotion, melody) has become an important aspect of system development but only little research is user-oriented. The success of music information retrieval technology primarily depends on both assessing and meeting the needs of its users. Potential users of music information retrieval systems, however, draw upon various ways of expressing themselves. But, who are the potential users of MIR systems and how would they describe music qualities? High-level concepts contribute to the definition of meaning in music. How can we measure meaning and emotion in music? How can we define the higher-order understanding of features of music that the average users share? Information on listener’s perception of qualities of music is needed to make automated access to music content attractive to system users. The emphasis of our investigation is on a user-oriented approach to the semantic description of music. We report the results of an experiment that explores how users perceive affects in music, and what structural descriptions of music best characterize their understanding of music expression. 79 potential users of music information retrieval systems rated different sets of adjectives, while they were listening to 160 pieces of real music. The subject group (79) was recruited amongst 774 participants in a large survey on the music background, habits and interests, preferred genres, taste and favourite titles of people who are willing to use interactive music systems. Moreover, the stimuli used reflected the musical taste of the average participant in the large survey (774). The study reveals that perceived qualities of music are affected by the profile of the user. Significant subject dependencies are found for age, music expertise, musicianship, broadness of taste and familiarity with classical music. Furthermore, interesting relationships are discovered between expressive and structural features. Analyses show that the targeted population most unanimously agrees on loudness and tempo, whilst less unanimity was found for timbre and articulation. Finally, our findings are tested and validated by means of a demo of a semantic music recommender system prototype that supports the querying of a music database by semantic descriptors for affect, structure and motion. The system, that recommends music from a relational database containing the quality ratings provided by the participants, illustrates the potential of a user-dependent and emotion-based retrieval of music.
Cite as

Micheline Lesaffre, Marc Leman, and Jean-Pierre Martens. A User-Oriented Approach to Music Information Retrieval. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{lesaffre_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.3,
  author =	{Lesaffre, Micheline and Leman, Marc and Martens, Jean-Pierre},
  title =	{{A User-Oriented Approach to Music Information Retrieval}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6509},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Semantic description, user studies, music information retrieval}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.4
After the search is over... the work begins

Authors: Tim Crawford

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
A narrative and discursive discussion of some adventures in musicology using a simple MIR system.
Cite as

Tim Crawford. After the search is over... the work begins. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{crawford:DagSemProc.06171.4,
  author =	{Crawford, Tim},
  title =	{{After the search is over... the work begins}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--4},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-7472},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Music information retrieval; musicology; OMRAS; harmonic modeling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.5
Are we Ready to Embrace the Semantic Web?

Authors: Shankar Vembu and Stephan Baumann

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
The aim of the semantic web is to describe resources available on the web using metadata elements that can be processed or interpreted by machines. MPEG-7 is the result of a standardisation effort to annotate multimedia documents, and it offers a rich suite of metadata descriptors for describing these documents at various levels of abstraction from low-level features to high-level semantics. Owing to the proliferation of multimedia content in the internet, there is now a lot of interest in the semantic web community in multimedia metadata standards in general, and MPEG-7 in particular. Despite the fact that the semantic web initiatives could benefit a lot from MPEG-7 for the annotation of multimedia documents, recent studies have underlined the limitations of MPEG-7 in describing the semantics of highly structured domains like sports or medicine. This has led to an upsurge of interest in adopting an integrated approach to the design of multimedia ontologies. In our work, we describe a systematic approach to the design of multimedia ontologies in which we use MPEG-7 to model only the structural and the low-level aspects of multimedia documents. High-level semantics are described using domain-specific vocabularies. A retrieval engine based on this framework will then be able to process high-level text-based semantic queries. Whilst a lot of research has been done in the design of multimedia ontologies, a plaguing issue is the automatic annotation of multimedia content at a semantic level. It is possible to derive low-level descriptors using state-of-the-art techniques in multimedia content analysis, but the same does not hold true when it comes to analysing multimedia content at a high level of abstraction. We discuss various approaches that have been recently proposed to accomplish this task. An interesting line of discussion is the automatic population and enrichment of multimedia ontologies that offers a lot of challenges and stresses the need for efficient approaches for the semantic analysis of multimedia documents.
Cite as

Shankar Vembu and Stephan Baumann. Are we Ready to Embrace the Semantic Web?. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{vembu_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.5,
  author =	{Vembu, Shankar and Baumann, Stephan},
  title =	{{Are we Ready to Embrace the Semantic Web?}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6559},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Semantic analysis, Multimedia ontologies, Semantic web}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.6
Efficient multi-step query processing for EMD-based similarity

Authors: Ira Assent and Thomas Seidl

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
Similarity search in large multimedia databases requires ef- ficient query processing based on suitable similarity models. Similarity models consist of a feature extraction step as well as a distance defined for these features, and they demand an efficient algorithm for retrieving similar objects under this model. In this work, we focus on the Earth Movers Distance (EMD), a recently introduced similarity model which has been successfully employed in numerous applications and has been reported as well reflecting human perceptual similarity. As its computation is complex, the direct application of the EMD to large, high-dimensional databases is not feasible. To remedy this and allow users to benefit from the high quality of the model even in larger settings, we developed various lower bounds for the EMD to be used in index-supported multistep query processing algorithms. We prove that our algorithms are complete, thus producing no false drops. We also show that it is highly efficient as experiments on large image databases with high-dimensional features demonstrate.
Cite as

Ira Assent and Thomas Seidl. Efficient multi-step query processing for EMD-based similarity. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{assent_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.6,
  author =	{Assent, Ira and Seidl, Thomas},
  title =	{{Efficient multi-step query processing for EMD-based similarity}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--12},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6490},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Content-based retrieval, indexing, multimedia databases, efficiency, similarity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.7
Partial Matching by Structural Descriptors

Authors: Simone Marini, Biasotti Silvia, and Falcidieno Bianca

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
The extended abstract describes a method for recognizing similar sub-parts of objects described by 3D polygonal meshes. The innovation of this method is the coupling of structure and geometry in the matching process. First of all, the structure of the shape is coded in a graph where each node is associated to a sub-part of the shape. Then, the matching between two shapes is approached using a graph-matching technique relying upon a geometric description of each sub-part.
Cite as

Simone Marini, Biasotti Silvia, and Falcidieno Bianca. Partial Matching by Structural Descriptors. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{marini_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.7,
  author =	{Marini, Simone and Silvia, Biasotti and Bianca, Falcidieno},
  title =	{{Partial Matching by Structural Descriptors}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--14},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6511},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Partial Matching, 3D Structural Shape Descriptor, Graph Matching}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.8
Point-set algorithms for pattern discovery and pattern matching in music

Authors: David Meredith

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
An algorithm that discovers the themes, motives and other perceptually significant repeated patterns in a musical work can be used, for example, in a music information retrieval system for indexing a collection of music documents so that it can be searched more rapidly. It can also be used in software tools for music analysis and composition and in a music transcription system or model of music cognition for discovering grouping structure, metrical structure and voice-leading structure. In most approaches to pattern discovery in music, the data is assumed to be in the form of strings. However, string-based methods become inefficient when one is interested in finding highly embellished occurrences of a query pattern or searching for polyphonic patterns in polyphonic music. These limitations can be avoided by representing the music as a set of points in a multidimensional Euclidean space. This point-set pattern matching approach allows the maximal repeated patterns in a passage of polyphonic music to be discovered in quadratic time and all occurrences of these patterns to be found in cubic time. More recently, Clifford et al. (2006) have shown that the best match for a query point set within a text point set of size n can be found in O(n log n) time by incorporating randomised projection, uniform hashing and FFT into the point-set pattern matching approach. Also, by using appropriate heuristics for selecting compact maximal repeated patterns with many non-overlapping occurrences, the point-set pattern discovery algorithms described here can be adapted for data compression. Moreover, the efficient encodings generated when this compression algorithm is run on music data seem to resemble the motivic-thematic analyses produced by human experts.
Cite as

David Meredith. Point-set algorithms for pattern discovery and pattern matching in music. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{meredith:DagSemProc.06171.8,
  author =	{Meredith, David},
  title =	{{Point-set algorithms for pattern discovery and pattern matching in music}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--23},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6525},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Content-based music retrieval, point-set pattern matching}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.9
Properties and Performances of Shape Similarity Measures

Authors: Remco C. Veltkamp and Longin Jan Latecki

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of shape dissimilarity measure properties, such as metric and robustness properties, and of retrieval performance measures. Fifteen shape similarity measures are shortly described and compared. Since an objective comparison of their qualities seems to be impossible, experimental comparison is needed. The Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG), a working group of ISO/IEC has defined the MPGE-7 standard for description and search of audio and visual content. A region based and a contour based shape similarity method are part of the standard. The data set created by the MPEG-7 committee for evaluation of shape similarity measures offers an excellent possibility for objective experimental comparison of the existing approaches evaluated based on the retrieval rate. Their retrieval results on the MPEG-7 Core Experiment Core Experiment Shape-1 test set as reported in the literature and obtained by a reimplementation are compared and discussed. To compare the performance of similarity measures, we built the framework SIDESTEP – Shape-based Image Delivery Statistics Evaluation Project, http://give-lab.cs.uu.nl/sidestep/.
Cite as

Remco C. Veltkamp and Longin Jan Latecki. Properties and Performances of Shape Similarity Measures. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{veltkamp_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.9,
  author =	{Veltkamp, Remco C. and Latecki, Longin Jan},
  title =	{{Properties and Performances of Shape Similarity Measures}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--9},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6546},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Shape similarity, Evaluation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.10
Structural Descriptors for 3D Shapes

Authors: Michela Spagnuolo, Silvia Biasotti, Bianca Falcidieno, and Simone Marini

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, Content-Based Retrieval (2006)

Abstract
Assessing the similarity among 3D shapes is a very complex and challenging research topic. While human perception have been widely studied and produced theories that received a large consensus, the computational aspects of 3D shape retrieval and matching have been only recently addressed. The majority of the methods proposed in the literature mainly focus on the geometry of shapes, in the sense of considering its spatial distribution or extent in the 3D space. From a practical point of view, the main advantage of these methods is that they do not make specific assumption on the topology of the digital models, usually triangle meshes or even triangle soups. Moreover, these methods are also computationally efficient. There is a growing consensus, however, that shapes are recognized and coded mentally in terms of relevant parts and their spatial configuration, or structure. Methods approaching the problem from a geometric point of view do not take into account the structure of the shape and generally the similarity distance between two objects depends on their spatial embedding. The presentation will discuss the definition and use of structural descriptions for assessing shape similarity. The idea is to define a shape description framework based on results of differential topology which deal with the description of shapes by means of the properties of one, or more, real-valued functions defined over the shape. Studying these properties, several topological descriptions of the shape can be defined, which may also encode different geometric and morphological attributes that globally and locally describe the shape. Examples and results will be discussed and ongoing work outlined. This work is partially supported by the EU Newtwork of Excellence AIM{@}SHAPE.
Cite as

Michela Spagnuolo, Silvia Biasotti, Bianca Falcidieno, and Simone Marini. Structural Descriptors for 3D Shapes. In Content-Based Retrieval. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 6171, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{spagnuolo_et_al:DagSemProc.06171.10,
  author =	{Spagnuolo, Michela and Biasotti, Silvia and Falcidieno, Bianca and Marini, Simone},
  title =	{{Structural Descriptors for 3D Shapes}},
  booktitle =	{Content-Based Retrieval},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{6171},
  editor =	{Tim Crawford and Remco C. Veltkamp},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6532},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.06171.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: 3D shape descriptors, computational topology}
}
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