34 Search Results for "Sozeau, Matthieu"

Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 39

20th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2014)

TYPES 2014, May 12-15, 2014, Paris, France

Editors: Hugo Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey, and Matthieu Sozeau

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2025.2
Lean4Lean: Verifying a Typechecker for Lean, in Lean

Authors: Mario Carneiro

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 384, 31st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2025)

Abstract
In this paper we present a new "external checker" for the Lean theorem prover, written in Lean itself. This is the first complete typechecker for Lean 4 other than the reference implementation in C++ used by Lean itself, and our new checker is competitive with the original, running between 20% and 50% slower and usable to verify all of Lean’s Mathlib library, taking an additional step in Lean’s aim to self-host the full elaborator and compiler. Moreover, because the checker is written in a language which admits formal verification, it is possible to state and prove properties about the kernel itself, and we report on progress to formalize the Lean type theory abstractly and prove some theorems about it. Finally, we combine these to get a proof of correctness of parts of the kernel. We plan to use this project to help justify any future changes to the kernel and type theory and ensure unsoundness does not sneak in through either the abstract theory or implementation bugs. The verification is already paying off, as one soundness bug has been spotted and fixed as a result of this work.
Cite as

Mario Carneiro. Lean4Lean: Verifying a Typechecker for Lean, in Lean. In 31st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 384, pp. 2:1-2:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{carneiro:LIPIcs.TYPES.2025.2,
  author =	{Carneiro, Mario},
  title =	{{Lean4Lean: Verifying a Typechecker for Lean, in Lean}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2025)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-441-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{384},
  editor =	{Nordvall Forsberg, Fredrik and McKinna, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2025.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-270206},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2025.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lean, proof assistant, external typechecker, implementation, metatheory, type theory, proof theory}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39
A Canonical Form for Universe Levels in Impredicative Type Theory

Authors: Yoan Géran

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 363, 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)

Abstract
The 0-imax-successor algebra, where imax: ℕ × ℕ → ℕ is the function defined by imax(n, 0) = 0 and imax(n, S(m)) = max(n, S(m)), is used to represent universe levels in impredicative type theory, in particular with universe polymorphism which introduces level variables, so it is present in proof systems such as Rocq and Lean. In particular, we need to know when two elements of this algebra are equivalent, and we may also want to decide the inequality. In this article, we introduce a canonical form for the terms of this algebra, and we provide a canonization algorithm. It permits deciding level equivalence by checking the canonical form equality, and also permits easily checking if a level is smaller than another one.
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Yoan Géran. A Canonical Form for Universe Levels in Impredicative Type Theory. In 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 363, pp. 39:1-39:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{geran:LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39,
  author =	{G\'{e}ran, Yoan},
  title =	{{A Canonical Form for Universe Levels in Impredicative Type Theory}},
  booktitle =	{34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)},
  pages =	{39:1--39:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-411-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{363},
  editor =	{Guerrini, Stefano and K\"{o}nig, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254640},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39},
  annote =	{Keywords: universe levels, canonical form, impredicativity, imax algebra}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.5
A Mechanized First-Order Theory of Algebraic Data Types with Pattern Matching

Authors: Joshua M. Cohen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)

Abstract
Algebraic data types (ADTs) and pattern matching are widely used to write elegant functional programs and to specify program behavior. These constructs are critical to most general-purpose interactive theorem provers (e.g. Lean, Rocq/Coq), first-order SMT-based deductive verifiers (e.g. Dafny, VeriFast), and intermediate verification languages (e.g. Why3). Such features require layers of compilation - in Rocq, pattern matches are compiled to remove nesting, while SMT-based tools further axiomatize ADTs with a first-order specification. However, these critical steps have been omitted from prior formalizations of such toolchains (e.g. MetaRocq). We give the first proved-sound sophisticated pattern matching compiler (based on Maranget’s compilation to decision trees) and first-order axiomatization of ADTs, both based on Why3 implementations. We prove the soundness of exhaustiveness checking, extending pen-and-paper proofs from the literature, and formulate a robustness property with which we find an exhaustiveness-related bug in Why3. We show that many of our proofs could be useful for reasoning about any first-order program verifier supporting ADTs.
Cite as

Joshua M. Cohen. A Mechanized First-Order Theory of Algebraic Data Types with Pattern Matching. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 5:1-5:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{cohen:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.5,
  author =	{Cohen, Joshua M.},
  title =	{{A Mechanized First-Order Theory of Algebraic Data Types with Pattern Matching}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246046},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pattern Matching Compilation, Algebraic Data Types, First-Order Logic}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33
Scott’s Representation Theorem and the Univalent Karoubi Envelope

Authors: Arnoud van der Leer, Kobe Wullaert, and Benedikt Ahrens

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)

Abstract
Lambek and Scott constructed a correspondence between simply-typed lambda calculi and Cartesian closed categories. Scott’s Representation Theorem is a cousin to this result for untyped lambda calculi. It states that every untyped lambda calculus arises from a reflexive object in some category. We present a formalization of Scott’s Representation Theorem in univalent foundations, in the (Rocq-)UniMath library. Specifically, we implement two proofs of that theorem, one by Scott and one by Hyland. We also explain the role of the Karoubi envelope - a categorical construction - in the proofs and the impact the chosen foundation has on this construction. Finally, we report on some automation we have implemented for the reduction of λ-terms.
Cite as

Arnoud van der Leer, Kobe Wullaert, and Benedikt Ahrens. Scott’s Representation Theorem and the Univalent Karoubi Envelope. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 33:1-33:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{vanderleer_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33,
  author =	{van der Leer, Arnoud and Wullaert, Kobe and Ahrens, Benedikt},
  title =	{{Scott’s Representation Theorem and the Univalent Karoubi Envelope}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246318},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lambda calculi, algebraic theories, categorical semantics, Karoubi envelope, formalization, Rocq-UniMath, univalent foundations}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20
Formalizing Colimits in 𝒞at

Authors: Mario Carneiro and Emily Riehl

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)

Abstract
Certain results involving "higher structures" are not currently accessible to computer formalization because the prerequisite ∞-category theory has not been formalized. To support future work on formalizing ∞-category theory in Lean’s mathematics library, we formalize some fundamental constructions involving the 1-category of categories. Specifically, we construct the left adjoint to the nerve embedding of categories into simplicial sets, defining the homotopy category functor. We prove further that this adjunction is reflective, which allows us to conclude that 𝒞at has colimits. To our knowledge this is the first formalized proof that the nerve functor is a fully faithful right adjoint and that the category of categories is cocomplete.
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Mario Carneiro and Emily Riehl. Formalizing Colimits in 𝒞at. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 20:1-20:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{carneiro_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20,
  author =	{Carneiro, Mario and Riehl, Emily},
  title =	{{Formalizing Colimits in 𝒞at}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246186},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: category theory, infinity-category theory, nerve, simplicial set, colimit}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.7
A Coinductive Representation of Computable Functions

Authors: Alvin Tang and Dirk Pattinson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 342, 11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025)

Abstract
We investigate a representation of computable functions as total functions over 2^∞, the set of finite and infinite sequences over {0,1}. In this model, infinite sequences are interpreted as non-terminating computations whilst finite sequences represent the sum of their digits. We introduce a new definition principle, function space corecursion, that simultaneously generalises minimisation and primitive recursion. This defines the class of computable corecursive functions that is closed under composition and function space corecursion. We prove computable corecursive functions represent all partial recursive functions, and show that all computable corecursive functions are indeed computable by translation into the untyped λ-calculus.
Cite as

Alvin Tang and Dirk Pattinson. A Coinductive Representation of Computable Functions. In 11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 342, pp. 7:1-7:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{tang_et_al:LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.7,
  author =	{Tang, Alvin and Pattinson, Dirk},
  title =	{{A Coinductive Representation of Computable Functions}},
  booktitle =	{11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-383-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{342},
  editor =	{C\^{i}rstea, Corina and Knapp, Alexander},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-235662},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Computability, Coinduction}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1
Computation First: Rebuilding Constructivism with Effects (Invited Talk)

Authors: Liron Cohen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract
Constructive logic and type theory have traditionally been grounded in pure, effect-free model of computation. This paper argues that such a restriction is not a foundational necessity but a historical artifact, and it advocates for a broader perspective of effectful constructivism, where computational effects, such as state, non-determinism, and exceptions, are directly and internally embedded in the logical and computational foundations. We begin by surveying examples where effects reshape logical principles, and then outline three approaches to effectful constructivism, focusing on realizability models: Monadic Combinatory Algebras, which extend classical partial combinatory algebras with effectful computation; Evidenced Frames, a flexible semantic structure capable of uniformly capturing a wide range of effects; and Effectful Higher-Order Logic (EffHOL), a syntactic approach that directly translates logical propositions into specifications for effectful programs. We further illustrate how concrete type theories can internalize effects, via the family of type theories TT^□_C. Together, these works demonstrate that effectful constructivism is not merely possible but a natural and robust extension of traditional frameworks.
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Liron Cohen. Computation First: Rebuilding Constructivism with Effects (Invited Talk). In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 1:1-1:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{cohen:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1,
  author =	{Cohen, Liron},
  title =	{{Computation First: Rebuilding Constructivism with Effects}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236167},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Effectful constructivism, realizability, type theory, monadic combinatory algebras, evidenced frame}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33
Solving Guarded Domain Equations in Presheaves over Ordinals and Mechanizing It

Authors: Sergei Stepanenko and Amin Timany

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract
Constructing solutions to recursive domain equations is a well-known, important problem in the study of programs and programming languages. Mathematically speaking, the problem is finding a fixed point (up to isomorphism) of a suitable functor over a suitable category. A particularly useful instance, inspired by the step-indexing technique, is where the functor is over (a subcategory of) the category of presheaves over the ordinal ω and the functors are locally-contractive, also known as guarded functors. This corresponds to step-indexing over natural numbers. However, for certain problems, e.g., when dealing with infinite non-determinism, one needs to employ trans-finite step-indexing, i.e., consider presheaf categories over higher ordinals. Prior work on trans-finite step-indexing either only considers a very narrow class of functors over a particularly restricted subcategory of presheaves over higher ordinals, or treats the problem very generally working with sheaves over an arbitrary complete Heyting algebra with a well-founded basis. In this paper we present a solution to the guarded domain equations problem over all guarded functors over the category of presheaves over ordinal numbers, as well as its mechanization in the Rocq Prover. As the categories of sheaves and presheaves over ordinals are equivalent, our main contribution is simplifying prior work from the setting of the category of sheaves to the setting of the category of presheaves and mechanizing it - presheaves are more amenable to mechanization in a proof assistant.
Cite as

Sergei Stepanenko and Amin Timany. Solving Guarded Domain Equations in Presheaves over Ordinals and Mechanizing It. In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 33:1-33:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{stepanenko_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33,
  author =	{Stepanenko, Sergei and Timany, Amin},
  title =	{{Solving Guarded Domain Equations in Presheaves over Ordinals and Mechanizing It}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236486},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Domain Equations, Guarded Fixed Points, Fixed Points, Category Theory, Rocq, Presheaves, Ordinals}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.27
What Does It Take to Certify a Conversion Checker?

Authors: Meven Lennon-Bertrand

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract
We report on a detailed exploration of the properties of conversion (definitional equality) in dependent type theory, with the goal of certifying decision procedures for it. While in that context the property of normalisation has attracted the most light, we instead emphasize the importance of injectivity properties, showing that they alone are both crucial and sufficient to certify most desirable properties of conversion checkers. We also explore the certification of a fully untyped conversion checker, with respect to a typed specification, and show that the story is mostly unchanged, although the exact injectivity properties needed are subtly different.
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Meven Lennon-Bertrand. What Does It Take to Certify a Conversion Checker?. In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 27:1-27:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{lennonbertrand:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.27,
  author =	{Lennon-Bertrand, Meven},
  title =	{{What Does It Take to Certify a Conversion Checker?}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236428},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dependent types, Bidirectional typing, Certified software}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.5
Implementing a Type Theory with Observational Equality, Using Normalisation by Evaluation

Authors: Matthew Sirman, Meven Lennon-Bertrand, and Neel Krishnaswami

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 336, 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)

Abstract
We report on an experimental implementation in Haskell of a dependent type theory featuring an observational equality type, based on Pujet et al.’s CCobs. We use normalisation by evaluation to produce an efficient normalisation function, which is used to implement a bidirectional type checker. To allow for greater expressivity, we extend the core CCobs calculus with quotient types and inductive types. To make the system usable, we explore various proof-assistant features, notably a rudimentary version of a "hole" system similar to Agda’s. While rather crude, this experience should inform other, more substantial implementation efforts of observational equality.
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Matthew Sirman, Meven Lennon-Bertrand, and Neel Krishnaswami. Implementing a Type Theory with Observational Equality, Using Normalisation by Evaluation. In 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 336, pp. 5:1-5:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{sirman_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.5,
  author =	{Sirman, Matthew and Lennon-Bertrand, Meven and Krishnaswami, Neel},
  title =	{{Implementing a Type Theory with Observational Equality, Using Normalisation by Evaluation}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-376-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{336},
  editor =	{M{\o}gelberg, Rasmus Ejlers and van den Berg, Benno},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233673},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dependent type theory, Bidirectional typing, Observational equality, Normalisation by evaluation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2025.11
Formally Specifying Contract Optimizations with Bisimulations in Coq

Authors: Derek Sorensen

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 129, 6th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2025)

Abstract
The efficacy of formal verification of smart contracts depends on being able to correctly specify and carry out the verification of optimized code. However, code optimized for performance is rarely optimized for intelligibility, which can make formally verifying optimized code difficult and costly. To address this issue, we present a formal tool for reasoning about an optimized contract in terms of its reference implementation. This tool reduces the work of formally verifying an optimized contract to proving behavioral equivalence to the reference implementation.
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Derek Sorensen. Formally Specifying Contract Optimizations with Bisimulations in Coq. In 6th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 129, pp. 11:1-11:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{sorensen:OASIcs.FMBC.2025.11,
  author =	{Sorensen, Derek},
  title =	{{Formally Specifying Contract Optimizations with Bisimulations in Coq}},
  booktitle =	{6th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2025)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-371-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{129},
  editor =	{Marmsoler, Diego and Xu, Meng},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2025.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-230382},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2025.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: smart contract verification, formal methods, interactive theorem prover, smart contract upgradeability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LITES.10.1.2
Towards a Coq-verified Chain of Esterel Semantics

Authors: Lionel Rieg and Gérard Berry

Published in: LITES, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2025). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract
This article focuses on formally specifying and verifying the chain of formal semantics of the Esterel synchronous programming language using the Coq proof assistant. In particular, in addition to the standard logical (LBS) semantics, constructive semantics (CBS) and constructive state semantics (CSS), we introduce a novel microstep semantics that gets rid of the Must/Can potential function pair of the constructive semantics and can be viewed as an abstract version of Esterel’s circuit semantics used by compilers to generate software code and hardware designs. The article also comes with formal proofs in Coq of the equivalence between the CBS and CSS semantics and of the refinement of the CSS by the microstep semantics, except for the loop construct of Esterel.
Cite as

Lionel Rieg and Gérard Berry. Towards a Coq-verified Chain of Esterel Semantics. In LITES, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2025). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 2:1-2:54, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@Article{rieg_et_al:LITES.10.1.2,
  author =	{Rieg, Lionel and Berry, G\'{e}rard},
  title =	{{Towards a Coq-verified Chain of Esterel Semantics}},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{2:1--2:54},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{10},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES.10.1.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-230144},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES.10.1.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Esterel programming language, formal verification, Coq proof assistant}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.13
Type Theory with Explicit Universe Polymorphism

Authors: Marc Bezem, Thierry Coquand, Peter Dybjer, and Martín Escardó

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 269, 28th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2022)

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to refine and extend proposals by Sozeau and Tabareau and by Voevodsky for universe polymorphism in type theory. In those systems judgments can depend on explicit constraints between universe levels. We here present a system where we also have products indexed by universe levels and by constraints. Our theory has judgments for internal universe levels, built up from level variables by a successor operation and a binary supremum operation, and also judgments for equality of universe levels.
Cite as

Marc Bezem, Thierry Coquand, Peter Dybjer, and Martín Escardó. Type Theory with Explicit Universe Polymorphism. In 28th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 269, pp. 13:1-13:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{bezem_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.13,
  author =	{Bezem, Marc and Coquand, Thierry and Dybjer, Peter and Escard\'{o}, Mart{\'\i}n},
  title =	{{Type Theory with Explicit Universe Polymorphism}},
  booktitle =	{28th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2022)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-285-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{269},
  editor =	{Kesner, Delia and P\'{e}drot, Pierre-Marie},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-184564},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: type theory, universes in type theory, universe polymorphism, level-indexed products, constraint-indexed products}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.12
Lessons for Interactive Theorem Proving Researchers from a Survey of Coq Users

Authors: Ana de Almeida Borges, Annalí Casanueva Artís, Jean-Rémy Falleri, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, Érik Martin-Dorel, Karl Palmskog, Alexander Serebrenik, and Théo Zimmermann

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 268, 14th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2023)

Abstract
The Coq Community Survey 2022 was an online public survey of users of the Coq proof assistant conducted during February 2022. Broadly, the survey asked about use of Coq features, user interfaces, libraries, plugins, and tools, views on renaming Coq and Coq improvements, and also demographic data such as education and experience with Coq and other proof assistants and programming languages. The survey received 466 submitted responses, making it the largest survey of users of an interactive theorem prover (ITP) so far. We present the design of the survey, a summary of key results, and analysis of answers relevant to ITP technology development and usage. In particular, we analyze user characteristics associated with adoption of tools and libraries and make comparisons to adjacent software communities. Notably, we find that experience has significant impact on Coq user behavior, including on usage of tools, libraries, and integrated development environments.
Cite as

Ana de Almeida Borges, Annalí Casanueva Artís, Jean-Rémy Falleri, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, Érik Martin-Dorel, Karl Palmskog, Alexander Serebrenik, and Théo Zimmermann. Lessons for Interactive Theorem Proving Researchers from a Survey of Coq Users. In 14th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 268, pp. 12:1-12:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{dealmeidaborges_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2023.12,
  author =	{de Almeida Borges, Ana and Casanueva Art{\'\i}s, Annal{\'\i} and Falleri, Jean-R\'{e}my and Gallego Arias, Emilio Jes\'{u}s and Martin-Dorel, \'{E}rik and Palmskog, Karl and Serebrenik, Alexander and Zimmermann, Th\'{e}o},
  title =	{{Lessons for Interactive Theorem Proving Researchers from a Survey of Coq Users}},
  booktitle =	{14th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2023)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-284-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{268},
  editor =	{Naumowicz, Adam and Thiemann, Ren\'{e}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183875},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Coq, Community, Survey, Statistical Analysis}
}
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