14 Search Results for "Thompson, Simon"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagMan.11.1.19
Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352)

Authors: Christine Bauer, Li Chen, Nicola Ferro, Norbert Fuhr, Avishek Anand, Timo Breuer, Guglielmo Faggioli, Ophir Frieder, Hideo Joho, Jussi Karlgren, Johannes Kiesel, Bart P. Knijnenburg, Aldo Lipani, Lien Michiels, Andrea Papenmeier, Maria Soledad Pera, Mark Sanderson, Scott Sanner, Benno Stein, Johanne R. Trippas, Karin Verspoor, and Martijn C. Willemsen

Published in: Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 11, Issue 1 (2025)

Abstract
During the workshop, we deeply discussed what CONversational Information ACcess (CONIAC) is and its unique features, proposing a world model abstracting it, and defined the Conversational Agents Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) for the evaluation of CONIAC systems, consisting of six major components: 1) goals of the system’s stakeholders, 2) user tasks to be studied in the evaluation, 3) aspects of the users carrying out the tasks, 4) evaluation criteria to be considered, 5) evaluation methodology to be applied, and 6) measures for the quantitative criteria chosen.
Cite as

Christine Bauer, Li Chen, Nicola Ferro, Norbert Fuhr, Avishek Anand, Timo Breuer, Guglielmo Faggioli, Ophir Frieder, Hideo Joho, Jussi Karlgren, Johannes Kiesel, Bart P. Knijnenburg, Aldo Lipani, Lien Michiels, Andrea Papenmeier, Maria Soledad Pera, Mark Sanderson, Scott Sanner, Benno Stein, Johanne R. Trippas, Karin Verspoor, and Martijn C. Willemsen. Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352). In Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 11, Issue 1, pp. 19-67, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@Article{bauer_et_al:DagMan.11.1.19,
  author =	{Bauer, Christine and Chen, Li and Ferro, Nicola and Fuhr, Norbert and Anand, Avishek and Breuer, Timo and Faggioli, Guglielmo and Frieder, Ophir and Joho, Hideo and Karlgren, Jussi and Kiesel, Johannes and Knijnenburg, Bart P. and Lipani, Aldo and Michiels, Lien and Papenmeier, Andrea and Pera, Maria Soledad and Sanderson, Mark and Sanner, Scott and Stein, Benno and Trippas, Johanne R. and Verspoor, Karin and Willemsen, Martijn C.},
  title =	{{Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352)}},
  pages =	{19--67},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Manifestos},
  ISSN =	{2193-2433},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{11},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Bauer, Christine and Chen, Li and Ferro, Nicola and Fuhr, Norbert and Anand, Avishek and Breuer, Timo and Faggioli, Guglielmo and Frieder, Ophir and Joho, Hideo and Karlgren, Jussi and Kiesel, Johannes and Knijnenburg, Bart P. and Lipani, Aldo and Michiels, Lien and Papenmeier, Andrea and Pera, Maria Soledad and Sanderson, Mark and Sanner, Scott and Stein, Benno and Trippas, Johanne R. and Verspoor, Karin and Willemsen, Martijn C.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagMan.11.1.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-252722},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagMan.11.1.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Conversational Agents, Evaluation, Information Access}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Programming.2025.22
Identifying Security Issues in Elixir Web Applications

Authors: Smiljana Knežev, István Bozó, and Melinda Tóth

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 134, Companion Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming 2025)

Abstract
The security of software products is extremely important in the era of internet-based applications. Building secure web applications is not straightforward. Several guidelines and tools were developed to support this process. The biggest challenge for those tools is to not overwhelm the developers with false-positive hits. This paper aims to investigate the use of static analysis for accurate vulnerability identification in the case of Elixir web applications.
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Smiljana Knežev, István Bozó, and Melinda Tóth. Identifying Security Issues in Elixir Web Applications. In Companion Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 134, pp. 22:1-22:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{knezev_et_al:OASIcs.Programming.2025.22,
  author =	{Kne\v{z}ev, Smiljana and Boz\'{o}, Istv\'{a}n and T\'{o}th, Melinda},
  title =	{{Identifying Security Issues in Elixir Web Applications}},
  booktitle =	{Companion Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming 2025)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:15},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-382-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{134},
  editor =	{Edwards, Jonathan and Perera, Roly and Petricek, Tomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Programming.2025.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243068},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Programming.2025.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Static analysis, Elixir, security vulnerabilities, XSS}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.9
Linear Time Subsequence and Supersequence Regex Matching

Authors: Antoine Amarilli, Florin Manea, Tina Ringleb, and Markus L. Schmid

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 345, 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)

Abstract
It is well-known that checking whether a given string w matches a given regular expression r can be done in quadratic time O(|w|⋅ |r|) and that this cannot be improved to a truly subquadratic running time of O((|w|⋅ |r|)^{1-ε}) assuming the strong exponential time hypothesis (SETH). We study a different matching paradigm where we ask instead whether w has a subsequence that matches r, and show that regex matching in this sense can be solved in linear time O(|w| + |r|). Further, the same holds if we ask for a supersequence. We show that the quantitative variants where we want to compute a longest or shortest subsequence or supersequence of w that matches r can be solved in O(|w|⋅ |r|), i. e., asymptotically no worse than classical regex matching; and we show that O(|w| + |r|) is conditionally not possible for these problems. We also investigate these questions with respect to other natural string relations like the infix, prefix, left-extension or extension relation instead of the subsequence and supersequence relation. We further study the complexity of the universal problem where we ask if all subsequences (or supersequences, infixes, prefixes, left-extensions or extensions) of an input string satisfy a given regular expression.
Cite as

Antoine Amarilli, Florin Manea, Tina Ringleb, and Markus L. Schmid. Linear Time Subsequence and Supersequence Regex Matching. In 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 345, pp. 9:1-9:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{amarilli_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.9,
  author =	{Amarilli, Antoine and Manea, Florin and Ringleb, Tina and Schmid, Markus L.},
  title =	{{Linear Time Subsequence and Supersequence Regex Matching}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-388-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{345},
  editor =	{Gawrychowski, Pawe{\l} and Mazowiecki, Filip and Skrzypczak, Micha{\l}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-241162},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: subsequence, supersequence, regular language, regular expression, automata}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.10
Abstract Subtyping for Asynchronous Multiparty Sessions

Authors: Laura Bocchi, Andy King, Maurizio Murgia, and Simon Thompson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 348, 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)

Abstract
Session subtyping answers the question of whether a program in a communicating system can be safely substituted for another, when their communication behaviour is described by session types. Asynchronous session subtyping is undecidable, even for two participants, hence the interest in sound, but incomplete, subtyping algorithms. Asynchronous multiparty subtyping can be formulated by decomposing session types into single input and output types which preclude, respectively, external and internal choice. This paper shows how abstract interpretation can sit atop this approach and how it leads to an algorithm that can prove subtyping for intricate communication patterns.
Cite as

Laura Bocchi, Andy King, Maurizio Murgia, and Simon Thompson. Abstract Subtyping for Asynchronous Multiparty Sessions. In 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 348, pp. 10:1-10:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{bocchi_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.10,
  author =	{Bocchi, Laura and King, Andy and Murgia, Maurizio and Thompson, Simon},
  title =	{{Abstract Subtyping for Asynchronous Multiparty Sessions}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-389-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{348},
  editor =	{Bouyer, Patricia and van de Pol, Jaco},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239605},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: asynchrony, session subtyping, automata, abstract interpretation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.11
Mutational Signature Refitting on Sparse Pan-Cancer Data

Authors: Gal Gilad, Teresa M. Przytycka, and Roded Sharan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 344, 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)

Abstract
Mutational processes shape cancer genomes, leaving characteristic marks that are termed signatures. The level of activity of each such process, or its signature exposure, provides important information on the disease, improving patient stratification and the prediction of drug response. Thus, there is growing interest in developing refitting methods that decipher those exposures. Previous work in this domain was unsupervised in nature, employing algebraic decomposition and probabilistic inference methods. Here we provide a supervised approach to the problem of signature refitting and show its superiority over current methods. Our method, SuRe, leverages a neural network model to capture correlations between signature exposures in real data. We show that SuRe outperforms previous methods on sparse mutation data from tumor type specific data sets, as well as pan-cancer data sets, with an increasing advantage as the data become sparser. We further demonstrate its utility in clinical settings.
Cite as

Gal Gilad, Teresa M. Przytycka, and Roded Sharan. Mutational Signature Refitting on Sparse Pan-Cancer Data. In 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 344, pp. 11:1-11:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{gilad_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2025.11,
  author =	{Gilad, Gal and Przytycka, Teresa M. and Sharan, Roded},
  title =	{{Mutational Signature Refitting on Sparse Pan-Cancer Data}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-386-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{344},
  editor =	{Brejov\'{a}, Bro\v{n}a and Patro, Rob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239374},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: mutational signatures, signature refitting, cancer genomics, genomic data analysis, somatic mutations}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Manzini.14
BWT Indexes for Optimal Joins in Graph Databases

Authors: Diego Arroyuelo and Gonzalo Navarro

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 131, The Expanding World of Compressed Data: A Festschrift for Giovanni Manzini's 60th Birthday (2025)

Abstract
Graph databases represent data as a labeled directed graph, where the labels refer to properties that connect the entities represented by their source and target vertices. Queries feature, most prominently, sets of edges where source, target, and/or label can be variables; each instantiation of the variables where all the edges occur in the graph is a solution to the query. Worst-case-optimal algorithms to solve those queries have been devised, but they pose significant space requirements. This overhead has hindered the adoption of worst-case-optimal algorithms in real systems. We show that a representation of the graph based on the extended BWT (eBWT), where each edge is seen as an independent string of length 3 (source, label, target) supports worst-case-optimal algorithms while using almost no extra space on top of the raw data. We then show how the idea is generalized to the relational model, where the strings can be longer than 3 and several eBWTs are needed to obtain worst-case optimality. The aim to minimize the amount of space in that case leads to consider novel eBWT variants, where columns other than the last can be chosen. Finally, we show how the same graph representation can be used to solve other typical queries, like finding graph paths that match regular expressions.
Cite as

Diego Arroyuelo and Gonzalo Navarro. BWT Indexes for Optimal Joins in Graph Databases. In The Expanding World of Compressed Data: A Festschrift for Giovanni Manzini's 60th Birthday. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 131, pp. 14:1-14:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{arroyuelo_et_al:OASIcs.Manzini.14,
  author =	{Arroyuelo, Diego and Navarro, Gonzalo},
  title =	{{BWT Indexes for Optimal Joins in Graph Databases}},
  booktitle =	{The Expanding World of Compressed Data: A Festschrift for Giovanni Manzini's 60th Birthday},
  pages =	{14:1--14:19},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-390-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{131},
  editor =	{Ferragina, Paolo and Gagie, Travis and Navarro, Gonzalo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Manzini.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239222},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Manzini.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph databases, Ring index, extended BWT, compact data structures}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.12
Automatic Goal Clone Detection in Rocq

Authors: Ali Ghanbari

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 333, 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)

Abstract
Proof engineering in Rocq is a labor-intensive process, and as proof developments grow in size, redundancy and maintainability become challenges. One such redundancy is goal cloning, i.e., proving α-equivalent goals multiple times, leading to wasted effort and bloated proof scripts. In this paper, we introduce clone-finder, a novel technique for detecting goal clones in Rocq proofs. By leveraging the formal notion of α-equivalence for Gallina terms, clone-finder systematically identifies duplicated proof goals across large Rocq codebases. We evaluate clone-finder on 40 real-world Rocq projects from the CoqGym dataset. Our results reveal that each project contains an average of 27.73 instances of goal clone. We observed that the clones can be categorized as either exact goal duplication, generalization, or α-equivalent goals with different proofs, each signifying varying levels duplicate effort. Our findings highlight significant untapped potential for proof reuse in Rocq-based formal verification projects, paving the way for future improvements in automated proof engineering.
Cite as

Ali Ghanbari. Automatic Goal Clone Detection in Rocq. In 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 333, pp. 12:1-12:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{ghanbari:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.12,
  author =	{Ghanbari, Ali},
  title =	{{Automatic Goal Clone Detection in Rocq}},
  booktitle =	{39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-373-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{333},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233055},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Clone Detection, Goal, Proof, Rocq, Gallina}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2025.20
Text Indexing for Simple Regular Expressions

Authors: Hideo Bannai, Philip Bille, Inge Li Gørtz, Gad M. Landau, Gonzalo Navarro, Nicola Prezza, Teresa Anna Steiner, and Simon Rumle Tarnow

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 331, 36th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2025)

Abstract
We study the problem of indexing a text T[1..n] ∈ Σⁿ so that, later, given a query regular expression pattern R of size m = |R|, we can report all the occ substrings T[i..j] of T matching R. The problem is known to be hard for arbitrary patterns R, so in this paper, we consider the following two types of patterns. (1) Character-class Kleene-star patterns of the form P₁ D^* P₂, where P₁ and P₂ are strings and D = {c₁, …, c_k} ⊂ Σ is a character-class (shorthand for the regular expression (c₁ | c₂ | ⋯ | c_k)) and (2) String Kleene-star patterns of the form P₁ P^* P₂ where P, P₁ and P₂ are strings. In case (1), we describe an index of O(nlog^{1+ε}n) space (for any constant ε > 0) solving queries in time O(m + log n/log log n + occ) on constant-sized alphabets. We also describe a general solution for any alphabet size. This result is conditioned on the existence of an anchor: a character of P₁P₂ that does not belong to D. We justify this assumption by proving that no efficient indexing solution can exist if an anchor is not present unless the Set Disjointness Conjecture fails. In case (2), we describe an index of size O(n) answering queries in time O(m + (occ+1)log^{ε}n) on any alphabet size.
Cite as

Hideo Bannai, Philip Bille, Inge Li Gørtz, Gad M. Landau, Gonzalo Navarro, Nicola Prezza, Teresa Anna Steiner, and Simon Rumle Tarnow. Text Indexing for Simple Regular Expressions. In 36th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 331, pp. 20:1-20:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{bannai_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2025.20,
  author =	{Bannai, Hideo and Bille, Philip and G{\o}rtz, Inge Li and Landau, Gad M. and Navarro, Gonzalo and Prezza, Nicola and Steiner, Teresa Anna and Tarnow, Simon Rumle},
  title =	{{Text Indexing for Simple Regular Expressions}},
  booktitle =	{36th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2025)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-369-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{331},
  editor =	{Bonizzoni, Paola and M\"{a}kinen, Veli},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2025.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-231143},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2025.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Text indexing, regular expressions, data structures}
}
Document
Survey
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.1.1.11
How Does Knowledge Evolve in Open Knowledge Graphs?

Authors: Axel Polleres, Romana Pernisch, Angela Bonifati, Daniele Dell'Aglio, Daniil Dobriy, Stefania Dumbrava, Lorena Etcheverry, Nicolas Ferranti, Katja Hose, Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz, Matteo Lissandrini, Ansgar Scherp, Riccardo Tommasini, and Johannes Wachs

Published in: TGDK, Volume 1, Issue 1 (2023): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 1, Issue 1

Abstract
Openly available, collaboratively edited Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are key platforms for the collective management of evolving knowledge. The present work aims t o provide an analysis of the obstacles related to investigating and processing specifically this central aspect of evolution in KGs. To this end, we discuss (i) the dimensions of evolution in KGs, (ii) the observability of evolution in existing, open, collaboratively constructed Knowledge Graphs over time, and (iii) possible metrics to analyse this evolution. We provide an overview of relevant state-of-the-art research, ranging from metrics developed for Knowledge Graphs specifically to potential methods from related fields such as network science. Additionally, we discuss technical approaches - and their current limitations - related to storing, analysing and processing large and evolving KGs in terms of handling typical KG downstream tasks.
Cite as

Axel Polleres, Romana Pernisch, Angela Bonifati, Daniele Dell'Aglio, Daniil Dobriy, Stefania Dumbrava, Lorena Etcheverry, Nicolas Ferranti, Katja Hose, Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz, Matteo Lissandrini, Ansgar Scherp, Riccardo Tommasini, and Johannes Wachs. How Does Knowledge Evolve in Open Knowledge Graphs?. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 11:1-11:59, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Article{polleres_et_al:TGDK.1.1.11,
  author =	{Polleres, Axel and Pernisch, Romana and Bonifati, Angela and Dell'Aglio, Daniele and Dobriy, Daniil and Dumbrava, Stefania and Etcheverry, Lorena and Ferranti, Nicolas and Hose, Katja and Jim\'{e}nez-Ruiz, Ernesto and Lissandrini, Matteo and Scherp, Ansgar and Tommasini, Riccardo and Wachs, Johannes},
  title =	{{How Does Knowledge Evolve in Open Knowledge Graphs?}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{11:1--11:59},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{1},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.1.1.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194855},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.1.1.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: KG evolution, temporal KG, versioned KG, dynamic KG}
}
Document
Vision
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.1.1.3
Knowledge Engineering Using Large Language Models

Authors: Bradley P. Allen, Lise Stork, and Paul Groth

Published in: TGDK, Volume 1, Issue 1 (2023): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 1, Issue 1

Abstract
Knowledge engineering is a discipline that focuses on the creation and maintenance of processes that generate and apply knowledge. Traditionally, knowledge engineering approaches have focused on knowledge expressed in formal languages. The emergence of large language models and their capabilities to effectively work with natural language, in its broadest sense, raises questions about the foundations and practice of knowledge engineering. Here, we outline the potential role of LLMs in knowledge engineering, identifying two central directions: 1) creating hybrid neuro-symbolic knowledge systems; and 2) enabling knowledge engineering in natural language. Additionally, we formulate key open research questions to tackle these directions.
Cite as

Bradley P. Allen, Lise Stork, and Paul Groth. Knowledge Engineering Using Large Language Models. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 3:1-3:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Article{allen_et_al:TGDK.1.1.3,
  author =	{Allen, Bradley P. and Stork, Lise and Groth, Paul},
  title =	{{Knowledge Engineering Using Large Language Models}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{3:1--3:19},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{1},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.1.1.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194777},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.1.1.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: knowledge engineering, large language models}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.EVCS.2023.26
Refactoring = Substitution + Rewriting: Towards Generic, Language-Independent Refactorings

Authors: Simon Thompson and Dániel Horpácsi

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 109, Eelco Visser Commemorative Symposium (EVCS 2023)

Abstract
Eelco Visser’s work has always encouraged stepping back from the particular to look at the underlying, conceptual problems. In that spirit we present an approach to describing refactorings that abstracts away from particular refactorings to classes of similar transformations, and presents an implementation of these that works by substitution and subsequent rewriting. Substitution is language-independent under this approach, while the rewrites embody language-specific aspects. Intriguingly, it also goes back to work on API migration by Huiqing Li and the first author, and sets refactoring in that general context.
Cite as

Simon Thompson and Dániel Horpácsi. Refactoring = Substitution + Rewriting: Towards Generic, Language-Independent Refactorings. In Eelco Visser Commemorative Symposium (EVCS 2023). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 109, pp. 26:1-26:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{thompson_et_al:OASIcs.EVCS.2023.26,
  author =	{Thompson, Simon and Horp\'{a}csi, D\'{a}niel},
  title =	{{Refactoring = Substitution + Rewriting: Towards Generic, Language-Independent Refactorings}},
  booktitle =	{Eelco Visser Commemorative Symposium (EVCS 2023)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:9},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-267-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{109},
  editor =	{L\"{a}mmel, Ralf and Mosses, Peter D. and Steimann, Friedrich},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.EVCS.2023.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-177961},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.EVCS.2023.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: refactoring, generic, language independent, rewriting, substitution, API upgrade}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.20
List Homomorphism Problems for Signed Graphs

Authors: Jan Bok, Richard Brewster, Tomás Feder, Pavol Hell, and Nikola Jedličková

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 170, 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)

Abstract
We consider homomorphisms of signed graphs from a computational perspective. In particular, we study the list homomorphism problem seeking a homomorphism of an input signed graph (G,σ), equipped with lists L(v) ⊆ V(H), v ∈ V(G), of allowed images, to a fixed target signed graph (H,π). The complexity of the similar homomorphism problem without lists (corresponding to all lists being L(v) = V(H)) has been previously classified by Brewster and Siggers, but the list version remains open and appears difficult. Both versions (with lists or without lists) can be formulated as constraint satisfaction problems, and hence enjoy the algebraic dichotomy classification recently verified by Bulatov and Zhuk. By contrast, we seek a combinatorial classification for the list version, akin to the combinatorial classification for the version without lists completed by Brewster and Siggers. We illustrate the possible complications by classifying the complexity of the list homomorphism problem when H is a (reflexive or irreflexive) signed tree. It turns out that the problems are polynomial-time solvable for certain caterpillar-like trees, and are NP-complete otherwise. The tools we develop will be useful for classifications of other classes of signed graphs, and we mention some follow-up research of this kind; those classifications are surprisingly complex.
Cite as

Jan Bok, Richard Brewster, Tomás Feder, Pavol Hell, and Nikola Jedličková. List Homomorphism Problems for Signed Graphs. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 170, pp. 20:1-20:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bok_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.20,
  author =	{Bok, Jan and Brewster, Richard and Feder, Tom\'{a}s and Hell, Pavol and Jedli\v{c}kov\'{a}, Nikola},
  title =	{{List Homomorphism Problems for Signed Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-159-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{170},
  editor =	{Esparza, Javier and Kr\'{a}l', Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126886},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: complexity, dichotomy, graph homomorphism, signed graph}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DFU.Vol6.12191.77
General Video Game Playing

Authors: John Levine, Clare Bates Congdon, Marc Ebner, Graham Kendall, Simon M. Lucas, Risto Miikkulainen, Tom Schaul, and Tommy Thompson

Published in: Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 6, Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games (2013)

Abstract
One of the grand challenges of AI is to create general intelligence: an agent that can excel at many tasks, not just one. In the area of games, this has given rise to the challenge of General Game Playing (GGP). In GGP, the game (typically a turn-taking board game) is defined declaratively in terms of the logic of the game (what happens when a move is made, how the scoring system works, how the winner is declared, and so on). The AI player then has to work out how to play the game and how to win. In this work, we seek to extend the idea of General Game Playing into the realm of video games, thus forming the area of General Video Game Playing (GVGP). In GVGP, computational agents will be asked to play video games that they have not seen before. At the minimum, the agent will be given the current state of the world and told what actions are applicable. Every game tick the agent will have to decide on its action, and the state will be updated, taking into account the actions of the other agents in the game and the game physics. We envisage running a competition based on GVGP playing, using arcadestyle (e.g. similar to Atari 2600) games as our starting point. These games are rich enough to be a formidable challenge to a GVGP agent, without introducing unnecessary complexity. The competition that we envisage could have a number of tracks, based on the form of the state (frame buffer or object model) and whether or not a forward model of action execution is available. We propose that the existing Physical Travelling Salesman (PTSP) software could be extended for our purposes and that a variety of GVGP games could be created in this framework by AI and Games students and other developers. Beyond this, we envisage the development of a Video Game Description Language (VGDL) as a way of concisely specifying video games. For the competition, we see this as being an interesting challenge in terms of deliberative search, machine learning and transfer of existing knowledge into new domains.
Cite as

John Levine, Clare Bates Congdon, Marc Ebner, Graham Kendall, Simon M. Lucas, Risto Miikkulainen, Tom Schaul, and Tommy Thompson. General Video Game Playing. In Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 6, pp. 77-83, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)

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@InCollection{levine_et_al:DFU.Vol6.12191.77,
  author =	{Levine, John and Congdon, Clare Bates and Ebner, Marc and Kendall, Graham and Lucas, Simon M. and Miikkulainen, Risto and Schaul, Tom and Thompson, Tommy},
  title =	{{General Video Game Playing}},
  booktitle =	{Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games},
  pages =	{77--83},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Follow-Ups},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-62-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8977},
  year =	{2013},
  volume =	{6},
  editor =	{Lucas, Simon M. and Mateas, Michael and Preuss, Mike and Spronck, Pieter and Togelius, Julian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DFU.Vol6.12191.77},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-43374},
  doi =		{10.4230/DFU.Vol6.12191.77},
  annote =	{Keywords: Video games, artificial intelligence, artificial general intelligence}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DFU.Vol6.12191.85
Towards a Video Game Description Language

Authors: Marc Ebner, John Levine, Simon M. Lucas, Tom Schaul, Tommy Thompson, and Julian Togelius

Published in: Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 6, Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games (2013)

Abstract
This chapter is a direct follow-up to the chapter on General Video Game Playing (GVGP). As that group recognised the need to create a Video Game Description Language (VGDL), we formed a group to address that challenge and the results of that group is the current chapter. Unlike the VGDL envisioned in the previous chapter, the language envisioned here is not meant to be supplied to the game-playing agent for automatic reasoning; instead we argue that the agent should learn this from interaction with the system. The main purpose of the language proposed here is to be able to specify complete video games, so that they could be compiled with a special VGDL compiler. Implementing such a compiler could provide numerous opportunities; users could modify existing games very quickly, or have a library of existing implementations defined within the language (e.g. an Asteroids ship or a Mario avatar) that have pre-existing, parameterised behaviours that can be customised for the users specific purposes. Provided the language is fit for purpose, automatic game creation could be explored further through experimentation with machine learning algorithms, furthering research in game creation and design. In order for both of these perceived functions to be realised and to ensure it is suitable for a large user base we recognise that the language carries several key requirements. Not only must it be human-readable, but retain the capability to be both expressive and extensible whilst equally simple as it is general. In our preliminary discussions, we sought to define the key requirements and challenges in constructing a new VGDL that will become part of the GVGP process. From this we have proposed an initial design to the semantics of the language and the components required to define a given game. Furthermore, we applied this approach to represent classic games such as Space Invaders, Lunar Lander and Frogger in an attempt to identify potential problems that may come to light. Work is ongoing to realise the potential of the VGDL for the purposes of Procedural Content Generation, Automatic Game Design and Transfer Learning.
Cite as

Marc Ebner, John Levine, Simon M. Lucas, Tom Schaul, Tommy Thompson, and Julian Togelius. Towards a Video Game Description Language. In Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 6, pp. 85-100, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)

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@InCollection{ebner_et_al:DFU.Vol6.12191.85,
  author =	{Ebner, Marc and Levine, John and Lucas, Simon M. and Schaul, Tom and Thompson, Tommy and Togelius, Julian},
  title =	{{Towards a Video Game Description Language}},
  booktitle =	{Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games},
  pages =	{85--100},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Follow-Ups},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-62-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8977},
  year =	{2013},
  volume =	{6},
  editor =	{Lucas, Simon M. and Mateas, Michael and Preuss, Mike and Spronck, Pieter and Togelius, Julian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DFU.Vol6.12191.85},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-43385},
  doi =		{10.4230/DFU.Vol6.12191.85},
  annote =	{Keywords: Video games, description language, language construction}
}
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