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Documents authored by Wrochna, Marcin

Document
PACE Solver Description
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.36
PACE Solver Description: Sallow: A Heuristic Algorithm for Treedepth Decompositions

Authors: Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 180, 15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2020)

Abstract
We describe a heuristic algorithm for computing treedepth decompositions, submitted for the https://pacechallenge.org/2020 challenge. It relies on a variety of greedy algorithms computing elimination orderings, as well as a Divide & Conquer approach on balanced cuts obtained using a from-scratch reimplementation of the 2016 FlowCutter algorithm by Hamann & Strasser [Michael Hamann and Ben Strasser, 2018].
Cite as

Marcin Wrochna. PACE Solver Description: Sallow: A Heuristic Algorithm for Treedepth Decompositions. In 15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 180, pp. 36:1-36:4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{wrochna:LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.36,
  author =	{Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{PACE Solver Description: Sallow: A Heuristic Algorithm for Treedepth Decompositions}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2020)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:4},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-172-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{180},
  editor =	{Cao, Yixin and Pilipczuk, Marcin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-133391},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: treedepth, decomposition, heuristic, weak colouring numbers}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.17
The Complexity of Promise SAT on Non-Boolean Domains

Authors: Alex Brandts, Marcin Wrochna, and Stanislav Živný

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 168, 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)

Abstract
While 3-SAT is NP-hard, 2-SAT is solvable in polynomial time. Austrin, Guruswami, and Håstad [FOCS'14/SICOMP'17] proved a result known as "(2+ε)-SAT is NP-hard". They showed that the problem of distinguishing k-CNF formulas that are g-satisfiable (i.e. some assignment satisfies at least g literals in every clause) from those that are not even 1-satisfiable is NP-hard if g/k < 1/2 and is in P otherwise. We study a generalisation of SAT on arbitrary finite domains, with clauses that are disjunctions of unary constraints, and establish analogous behaviour. Thus we give a dichotomy for a natural fragment of promise constraint satisfaction problems (PCSPs) on arbitrary finite domains.
Cite as

Alex Brandts, Marcin Wrochna, and Stanislav Živný. The Complexity of Promise SAT on Non-Boolean Domains. In 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 168, pp. 17:1-17:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{brandts_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.17,
  author =	{Brandts, Alex and Wrochna, Marcin and \v{Z}ivn\'{y}, Stanislav},
  title =	{{The Complexity of Promise SAT on Non-Boolean Domains}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-138-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{168},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Dawar, Anuj and Merelli, Emanuela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-124241},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: promise constraint satisfaction, PCSP, polymorphisms, algebraic approach, label cover}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44
Tight Complexity Lower Bounds for Integer Linear Programming with Few Constraints

Authors: Dušan Knop, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 126, 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)

Abstract
We consider the standard ILP Feasibility problem: given an integer linear program of the form {Ax = b, x >= 0}, where A is an integer matrix with k rows and l columns, x is a vector of l variables, and b is a vector of k integers, we ask whether there exists x in N^l that satisfies Ax = b. Each row of A specifies one linear constraint on x; our goal is to study the complexity of ILP Feasibility when both k, the number of constraints, and |A|_infty, the largest absolute value of an entry in A, are small. Papadimitriou [Christos H. Papadimitriou, 1981] was the first to give a fixed-parameter algorithm for ILP Feasibility under parameterization by the number of constraints that runs in time ((|A |_infty + |b|_infty) * k)^O(k^2). This was very recently improved by Eisenbrand and Weismantel [Friedrich Eisenbrand and Robert Weismantel, 2018], who used the Steinitz lemma to design an algorithm with running time (k |A|_infty)^{O(k)}* |b|_infty^2, which was subsequently improved by Jansen and Rohwedder [Klaus Jansen and Lars Rohwedder, 2019] to O(k |A |_infty)^k* log |b|_infty. We prove that for {0,1}-matrices A, the running time of the algorithm of Eisenbrand and Weismantel is probably optimal: an algorithm with running time 2^{o(k log k)}* (l+|{b}|_infty)^{o(k)} would contradict the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH). This improves previous non-tight lower bounds of Fomin et al. [Fedor V. Fomin et al., 2018]. We then consider integer linear programs that may have many constraints, but they need to be structured in a "shallow" way. Precisely, we consider the parameter {dual treedepth} of the matrix A, denoted td_D(A), which is the treedepth of the graph over the rows of A, where two rows are adjacent if in some column they simultaneously contain a non-zero entry. It was recently shown by Koutecký et al. [Martin Koutecký et al., 2018] that {ILP Feasibility} can be solved in time |A |_infty^{2^O(td_D(A))} * (k+l+log |b|_infty)^O(1). We present a streamlined proof of this fact and prove that, again, this running time is probably optimal: even assuming that all entries of A and {b} are in {-1,0,1}, the existence of an algorithm with running time 2^{2^o(td_D(A))} * (k+l)^O(1) would contradict the ETH.
Cite as

Dušan Knop, Michał Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna. Tight Complexity Lower Bounds for Integer Linear Programming with Few Constraints. In 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 126, pp. 44:1-44:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{knop_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44,
  author =	{Knop, Du\v{s}an and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Tight Complexity Lower Bounds for Integer Linear Programming with Few Constraints}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-100-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{126},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Paul, Christophe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102831},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: integer linear programming, fixed-parameter tractability, ETH}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2017.23
Turing Kernelization for Finding Long Paths in Graphs Excluding a Topological Minor

Authors: Bart M. P. Jansen, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 89, 12th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2017)

Abstract
The notion of Turing kernelization investigates whether a polynomial-time algorithm can solve an NP-hard problem, when it is aided by an oracle that can be queried for the answers to bounded-size subproblems. One of the main open problems in this direction is whether k-PATH admits a polynomial Turing kernel: can a polynomial-time algorithm determine whether an undirected graph has a simple path of length k, using an oracle that answers queries of size k^{O(1)}? We show this can be done when the input graph avoids a fixed graph H as a topological minor, thereby significantly generalizing an earlier result for bounded-degree and K_{3,t}-minor-free graphs. Moreover, we show that k-PATH even admits a polynomial Turing kernel when the input graph is not H-topological-minor-free itself, but contains a known vertex modulator of size bounded polynomially in the parameter, whose deletion makes it so. To obtain our results, we build on the graph minors decomposition to show that any H-topological-minor-free graph that does not contain a k-path has a separation that can safely be reduced after communication with the oracle.
Cite as

Bart M. P. Jansen, Marcin Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna. Turing Kernelization for Finding Long Paths in Graphs Excluding a Topological Minor. In 12th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 89, pp. 23:1-23:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{jansen_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2017.23,
  author =	{Jansen, Bart M. P. and Pilipczuk, Marcin and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Turing Kernelization for Finding Long Paths in Graphs Excluding a Topological Minor}},
  booktitle =	{12th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2017)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-051-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{89},
  editor =	{Lokshtanov, Daniel and Nishimura, Naomi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2017.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-85576},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2017.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Turing kernel, long path, k-path, excluded topological minor, modulator}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2017.18
Tight Lower Bounds for the Complexity of Multicoloring

Authors: Marthe Bonamy, Lukasz Kowalik, Michal Pilipczuk, Arkadiusz Socala, and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 87, 25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2017)

Abstract
In the multicoloring problem, also known as (a:b)-coloring or b-fold coloring, we are given a graph G and a set of a colors, and the task is to assign a subset of b colors to each vertex of G so that adjacent vertices receive disjoint color subsets. This natural generalization of the classic coloring problem (the b=1 case) is equivalent to finding a homomorphism to the Kneser graph KG_{a,b}, and gives relaxations approaching the fractional chromatic number. We study the complexity of determining whether a graph has an (a:b)-coloring. Our main result is that this problem does not admit an algorithm with running time f(b) * 2^{o(log b) n}, for any computable f(b), unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails. A (b+1)^n * poly(n)-time algorithm due to Nederlof [2008] shows that this is tight. A direct corollary of our result is that the graph homomorphism problem does not admit a 2^O(n+h) algorithm unless ETH fails, even if the target graph is required to be a Kneser graph. This refines the understanding given by the recent lower bound of Cygan et al. [SODA 2016]. The crucial ingredient in our hardness reduction is the usage of detecting matrices of Lindström [Canad. Math. Bull., 1965], which is a combinatorial tool that, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been used for proving complexity lower bounds. As a side result, we prove that the running time of the algorithms of Abasi et al. [MFCS 2014] and of Gabizon et al. [ESA 2015] for the r-monomial detection problem are optimal under ETH.
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Marthe Bonamy, Lukasz Kowalik, Michal Pilipczuk, Arkadiusz Socala, and Marcin Wrochna. Tight Lower Bounds for the Complexity of Multicoloring. In 25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 87, pp. 18:1-18:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bonamy_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2017.18,
  author =	{Bonamy, Marthe and Kowalik, Lukasz and Pilipczuk, Michal and Socala, Arkadiusz and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Tight Lower Bounds for the Complexity of Multicoloring}},
  booktitle =	{25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2017)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-049-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{87},
  editor =	{Pruhs, Kirk and Sohler, Christian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2017.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-78527},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2017.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: multicoloring, Kneser graph homomorphism, ETH lower bound}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.57
Linear Kernels for Edge Deletion Problems to Immersion-Closed Graph Classes

Authors: Archontia C. Giannopoulou, Michal Pilipczuk, Jean-Florent Raymond, Dimitrios M. Thilikos, and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 80, 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)

Abstract
Suppose F is a finite family of graphs. We consider the following meta-problem, called F-Immersion Deletion: given a graph G and an integer k, decide whether the deletion of at most k edges of G can result in a graph that does not contain any graph from F as an immersion. This problem is a close relative of the F-Minor Deletion problem studied by Fomin et al. [FOCS 2012], where one deletes vertices in order to remove all minor models of graphs from F. We prove that whenever all graphs from F are connected and at least one graph of F is planar and subcubic, then the F-Immersion Deletion problem admits: - a constant-factor approximation algorithm running in time O(m^3 n^3 log m) - a linear kernel that can be computed in time O(m^4 n^3 log m) and - a O(2^{O(k)} + m^4 n^3 log m)-time fixed-parameter algorithm, where n,m count the vertices and edges of the input graph. Our findings mirror those of Fomin et al. [FOCS 2012], who obtained similar results for F-Minor Deletion, under the assumption that at least one graph from F is planar. An important difference is that we are able to obtain a linear kernel for F-Immersion Deletion, while the exponent of the kernel of Fomin et al. depends heavily on the family F. In fact, this dependence is unavoidable under plausible complexity assumptions, as proven by Giannopoulou et al. [ICALP 2015]. This reveals that the kernelization complexity of F-Immersion Deletion is quite different than that of F-Minor Deletion.
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Archontia C. Giannopoulou, Michal Pilipczuk, Jean-Florent Raymond, Dimitrios M. Thilikos, and Marcin Wrochna. Linear Kernels for Edge Deletion Problems to Immersion-Closed Graph Classes. In 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 80, pp. 57:1-57:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{giannopoulou_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.57,
  author =	{Giannopoulou, Archontia C. and Pilipczuk, Michal and Raymond, Jean-Florent and Thilikos, Dimitrios M. and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Linear Kernels for Edge Deletion Problems to Immersion-Closed Graph Classes}},
  booktitle =	{44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-041-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{80},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Indyk, Piotr and Kuhn, Fabian and Muscholl, Anca},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73891},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: Kernelization, Approximation, Immersion, Protrusion, Tree-cut width}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.15
Cutwidth: Obstructions and Algorithmic Aspects

Authors: Archontia C. Giannopoulou, Michal Pilipczuk, Jean-Florent Raymond, Dimitrios M. Thilikos, and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 63, 11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016)

Abstract
Cutwidth is one of the classic layout parameters for graphs. It measures how well one can order the vertices of a graph in a linear manner, so that the maximum number of edges between any prefix and its complement suffix is minimized. As graphs of cutwidth at most k are closed under taking immersions, the results of Robertson and Seymour imply that there is a finite list of minimal immersion obstructions for admitting a cut layout of width at most k. We prove that every minimal immersion obstruction for cutwidth at most k has size at most 2^O(k^3*log(k)). As an interesting algorithmic byproduct, we design a new fixed-parameter algorithm for computing the cutwidth of a graph that runs in time 2^O(k^2*log(k))*n, where k is the optimum width and n is the number of vertices. While being slower by a log k-factor in the exponent than the fastest known algorithm, due to Thilikos, Bodlaender, and Serna [J. Algorithms 2005], our algorithm has the advantage of being simpler and self-contained; arguably, it explains better the combinatorics of optimum-width layouts.
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Archontia C. Giannopoulou, Michal Pilipczuk, Jean-Florent Raymond, Dimitrios M. Thilikos, and Marcin Wrochna. Cutwidth: Obstructions and Algorithmic Aspects. In 11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 63, pp. 15:1-15:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{giannopoulou_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.15,
  author =	{Giannopoulou, Archontia C. and Pilipczuk, Michal and Raymond, Jean-Florent and Thilikos, Dimitrios M. and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Cutwidth: Obstructions and Algorithmic Aspects}},
  booktitle =	{11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-023-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{63},
  editor =	{Guo, Jiong and Hermelin, Danny},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-69306},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: cutwidth, obstructions, immersions, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.26
Edge Bipartization Faster Than 2^k

Authors: Marcin Pilipczuk, Michal Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 63, 11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016)

Abstract
In the EDGE BIPARTIZATION problem one is given an undirected graph G and an integer k, and the question is whether k edges can be deleted from G so that it becomes bipartite. In 2006, Guo et al. [J. Comput. Syst. Sci., 72(8):1386-1396, 2006] proposed an algorithm solving this problem in time O(2^k m^2); today, this algorithm is a textbook example of an application of the iterative compression technique. Despite extensive progress in the understanding of the parameterized complexity of graph separation problems in the recent years, no significant improvement upon this result has been yet reported. We present an algorithm for Edge Bipartization that works in time O(1.977^k nm), which is the first algorithm with the running time dependence on the parameter better than 2^k. To this end, we combine the general iterative compression strategy of Guo et al. [J. Comput. Syst. Sci., 72(8):1386-1396, 2006], the technique proposed by Wahlström [SODA'14] of using a polynomial-time solvable relaxation in the form of a Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problem to guide a bounded-depth branching algorithm, and an involved Measure&Conquer analysis of the recursion tree.
Cite as

Marcin Pilipczuk, Michal Pilipczuk, and Marcin Wrochna. Edge Bipartization Faster Than 2^k. In 11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 63, pp. 26:1-26:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{pilipczuk_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.26,
  author =	{Pilipczuk, Marcin and Pilipczuk, Michal and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Edge Bipartization Faster Than 2^k}},
  booktitle =	{11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-023-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{63},
  editor =	{Guo, Jiong and Hermelin, Danny},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-69285},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: edge bipartization, FPT algorithm}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2016.57
On Space Efficiency of Algorithms Working on Structural Decompositions of Graphs

Authors: Michal Pilipczuk and Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 47, 33rd Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2016)

Abstract
Dynamic programming on path and tree decompositions of graphs is a technique that is ubiquitous in the field of parameterized and exponential-time algorithms. However, one of its drawbacks is that the space usage is exponential in the decomposition's width. Following the work of Allender et al. [Theory of Computing, 2014], we investigate whether this space complexity explosion is unavoidable. Using the idea of reparameterization of Cai and Juedes [J. Comput. Syst. Sci., 2003], we prove that the question is closely related to a conjecture that the Longest Common Subsequence problem parameterized by the number of input strings does not admit an algorithm that simultaneously uses XP time and FPT space. Moreover, we complete the complexity landscape sketched for pathwidth and treewidth by Allender et al. by considering the parameter tree-depth. We prove that computations on tree-depth decompositions correspond to a model of non-deterministic machines that work in polynomial time and logarithmic space, with access to an auxiliary stack of maximum height equal to the decomposition's depth. Together with the results of Allender et al., this describes a hierarchy of complexity classes for polynomial-time non- deterministic machines with different restrictions on the access to working space, which mirrors the classic relations between treewidth, pathwidth, and tree-depth.
Cite as

Michal Pilipczuk and Marcin Wrochna. On Space Efficiency of Algorithms Working on Structural Decompositions of Graphs. In 33rd Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 47, pp. 57:1-57:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{pilipczuk_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2016.57,
  author =	{Pilipczuk, Michal and Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{On Space Efficiency of Algorithms Working on Structural Decompositions of Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2016)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-001-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{47},
  editor =	{Ollinger, Nicolas and Vollmer, Heribert},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2016.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-57588},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2016.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: tree decomposition, LCS, tree-depth, NAuxSA, Savitch’s theorem}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2015.730
Homomorphism Reconfiguration via Homotopy

Authors: Marcin Wrochna

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 30, 32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2015)

Abstract
We consider the following problem for a fixed graph H: given a graph G and two H-colorings of G, i.e. homomorphisms from G to H, can one be transformed into the other by changing one color at a time, maintaining an H-coloring throughout.This is the same as finding a path in the Hom(G,H) complex. For H=K_k this is the problem of finding paths between k-colorings, which was recently shown to be in P for k\leq 3 and PSPACE-complete otherwise (Bonsma and Cereceda 2009, Cereceda et al. 2011). We generalize the positive side of this dichotomy by providing an algorithm that solves the problem in polynomial time for any H with no C_4 subgraph. This gives a large class of constraints for which finding solutions to the Constraint Satisfaction Problem is NP-complete, but paths in the solution space can be found in polynomial time. The algorithm uses a characterization of possible reconfiguration sequences (that is, paths in Hom(G,H)), whose main part is a purely topological condition described in terms of the fundamental groupoid of H seen as a topological space.
Cite as

Marcin Wrochna. Homomorphism Reconfiguration via Homotopy. In 32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 30, pp. 730-742, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

Copy BibTex To Clipboard

@InProceedings{wrochna:LIPIcs.STACS.2015.730,
  author =	{Wrochna, Marcin},
  title =	{{Homomorphism Reconfiguration via Homotopy}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2015)},
  pages =	{730--742},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-78-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{30},
  editor =	{Mayr, Ernst W. and Ollinger, Nicolas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2015.730},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-49546},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2015.730},
  annote =	{Keywords: reconfiguration, recoloring, homomorphisms, homotopy, hom complex}
}
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