22 Search Results for "Baader, Franz"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.16
On the Complexity of the Small Term Reachability Problem for Terminating Term Rewriting Systems

Authors: Franz Baader and Jürgen Giesl

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
Motivated by an application where we try to make proofs for Description Logic inferences smaller by rewriting, we consider the following decision problem, which we call the small term reachability problem: given a term rewriting system R, a term s, and a natural number n, decide whether there is a term t of size ≤ n reachable from s using the rules of R. We investigate the complexity of this problem depending on how termination of R can be established. We show that the problem is NP-complete for length-reducing term rewriting systems. Its complexity increases to N2ExpTime-complete (NExpTime-complete) if termination is proved using a (linear) polynomial order and to PSpace-complete for systems whose termination can be shown using a restricted class of Knuth-Bendix orders. Confluence reduces the complexity to P for the length-reducing case, but has no effect on the worst-case complexity in the other two cases.
Cite as

Franz Baader and Jürgen Giesl. On the Complexity of the Small Term Reachability Problem for Terminating Term Rewriting Systems. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 16:1-16:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{baader_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.16,
  author =	{Baader, Franz and Giesl, J\"{u}rgen},
  title =	{{On the Complexity of the Small Term Reachability Problem for Terminating Term Rewriting Systems}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203454},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Rewriting, Termination, Confluence, Creating small terms, Derivational complexity, Description Logics, Proof rewriting}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.31
Equational Theories and Validity for Logically Constrained Term Rewriting

Authors: Takahito Aoto, Naoki Nishida, and Jonas Schöpf

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
Logically constrained term rewriting is a relatively new formalism where rules are equipped with constraints over some arbitrary theory. Although there are many recent advances with respect to rewriting induction, completion, complexity analysis and confluence analysis for logically constrained term rewriting, these works solely focus on the syntactic side of the formalism lacking detailed investigations on semantics. In this paper, we investigate a semantic side of logically constrained term rewriting. To this end, we first define constrained equations, constrained equational theories and validity of the former based on the latter. After presenting the relationship of validity and conversion of rewriting, we then construct a sound inference system to prove validity of constrained equations in constrained equational theories. Finally, we give an algebraic semantics, which enables one to establish invalidity of constrained equations in constrained equational theories. This algebraic semantics derives a new notion of consistency for constrained equational theories.
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Takahito Aoto, Naoki Nishida, and Jonas Schöpf. Equational Theories and Validity for Logically Constrained Term Rewriting. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 31:1-31:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{aoto_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.31,
  author =	{Aoto, Takahito and Nishida, Naoki and Sch\"{o}pf, Jonas},
  title =	{{Equational Theories and Validity for Logically Constrained Term Rewriting}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{31:1--31:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.31},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203607},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.31},
  annote =	{Keywords: constrained equation, constrained equational theory, logically constrained term rewriting, algebraic semantics, consistency}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.32
Termination of Generalized Term Rewriting Systems

Authors: Salvador Lucas

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
We investigate termination of Generalized Term Rewriting Systems (GTRS), which extend Conditional Term Rewriting Systems by considering replacement restrictions on selected arguments of function symbols, as in Context-Sensitive Rewriting, and conditional rewriting rules whose conditional part may include not only a mix of the usual (reachability, joinability,...) conditions, but also atoms defined by a set of definite Horn clauses. GTRS can be used to prove confluence and termination of Generalized Rewrite Theories and Maude programs. We have characterized confluence of terminating GTRS as the joinability of a finite set of conditional pairs. Since termination of GTRS is underexplored to date, this paper introduces a Dependency Pair Framework which is well-suited to automatically (dis)prove termination of GTRS.
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Salvador Lucas. Termination of Generalized Term Rewriting Systems. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 32:1-32:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{lucas:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.32,
  author =	{Lucas, Salvador},
  title =	{{Termination of Generalized Term Rewriting Systems}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203616},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Program Analysis, Reduction-Based Systems, Termination}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.150
Homogeneity and Homogenizability: Hard Problems for the Logic SNP

Authors: Jakub Rydval

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
The infinite-domain CSP dichotomy conjecture extends the finite-domain CSP dichotomy theorem to reducts of finitely bounded homogeneous structures. Every countable finitely bounded homogeneous structure is uniquely described by a universal first-order sentence up to isomorphism, and every reduct of such a structure by a sentence of the logic SNP. By Fraïssé’s Theorem, testing the existence of a finitely bounded homogeneous structure for a given universal first-order sentence is equivalent to testing the amalgamation property for the class of its finite models. The present paper motivates a complexity-theoretic view on the classification problem for finitely bounded homogeneous structures. We show that this meta-problem is EXPSPACE-hard or PSPACE-hard, depending on whether the input is specified by a universal sentence or a set of forbidden substructures. By relaxing the input to SNP sentences and the question to the existence of a structure with a finitely bounded homogeneous expansion, we obtain a different meta-problem, closely related to the question of homogenizability. We show that this second meta-problem is already undecidable, even if the input SNP sentence comes from the Datalog fragment and uses at most binary relation symbols. As a byproduct of our proof, we also get the undecidability of some other properties for Datalog programs, e.g., whether they can be rewritten in the logic MMSNP, whether they solve some finite-domain CSP, or whether they define a structure with a homogeneous Ramsey expansion in a finite relational signature.
Cite as

Jakub Rydval. Homogeneity and Homogenizability: Hard Problems for the Logic SNP. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 150:1-150:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{rydval:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.150,
  author =	{Rydval, Jakub},
  title =	{{Homogeneity and Homogenizability: Hard Problems for the Logic SNP}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{150:1--150:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.150},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202939},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.150},
  annote =	{Keywords: constraint satisfaction problems, finitely bounded, homogeneous, amalgamation property, universal, SNP, homogenizable}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1
Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282)

Authors: James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Frank Wolter

Published in: Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2024)

Abstract
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning is a central, longstanding, and active area of Artificial Intelligence. Over the years it has evolved significantly; more recently it has been challenged and complemented by research in areas such as machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty. In July 2022,sser a Dagstuhl Perspectives workshop was held on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. The goal of the workshop was to describe the state of the art in the field, including its relation with other areas, its shortcomings and strengths, together with recommendations for future progress. We developed this manifesto based on the presentations, panels, working groups, and discussions that took place at the Dagstuhl Workshop. It is a declaration of our views on Knowledge Representation: its origins, goals, milestones, and current foci; its relation to other disciplines, especially to Artificial Intelligence; and on its challenges, along with key priorities for the next decade.
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James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Frank Wolter. Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282). In Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 1-61, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{delgrande_et_al:DagMan.10.1.1,
  author =	{Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank},
  title =	{{Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282)}},
  pages =	{1--61},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Manifestos},
  ISSN =	{2193-2433},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{10},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201403},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Knowledge representation and reasoning, Applications of logics, Declarative representations, Formal logic}
}
Document
Survey
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3
Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future

Authors: Ansgar Scherp, Gerd Groener, Petr Škoda, Katja Hose, and Maria-Esther Vidal

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract
Ever since the vision was formulated, the Semantic Web has inspired many generations of innovations. Semantic technologies have been used to share vast amounts of information on the Web, enhance them with semantics to give them meaning, and enable inference and reasoning on them. Throughout the years, semantic technologies, and in particular knowledge graphs, have been used in search engines, data integration, enterprise settings, and machine learning. In this paper, we recap the classical concepts and foundations of the Semantic Web as well as modern and recent concepts and applications, building upon these foundations. The classical topics we cover include knowledge representation, creating and validating knowledge on the Web, reasoning and linking, and distributed querying. We enhance this classical view of the so-called "Semantic Web Layer Cake" with an update of recent concepts that include provenance, security and trust, as well as a discussion of practical impacts from industry-led contributions. We conclude with an outlook on the future directions of the Semantic Web. This is a living document. If you like to contribute, please contact the first author and visit: https://github.com/ascherp/semantic-web-primer
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Ansgar Scherp, Gerd Groener, Petr Škoda, Katja Hose, and Maria-Esther Vidal. Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 3:1-3:37, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{scherp_et_al:TGDK.2.1.3,
  author =	{Scherp, Ansgar and Groener, Gerd and \v{S}koda, Petr and Hose, Katja and Vidal, Maria-Esther},
  title =	{{Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{3:1--3:37},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198607},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linked Open Data, Semantic Web Graphs, Knowledge Graphs}
}
Document
Survey
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.4
Logics for Conceptual Data Modelling: A Review

Authors: Pablo R. Fillottrani and C. Maria Keet

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract
Information modelling for databases and object-oriented information systems avails of conceptual data modelling languages such as EER and UML Class Diagrams. Many attempts exist to add logical rigour to them, for various reasons and with disparate strengths. In this paper we aim to provide a structured overview of the many efforts. We focus on aims, approaches to the formalisation, including key dimensions of choice points, popular logics used, and the main relevant reasoning services. We close with current challenges and research directions.
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Pablo R. Fillottrani and C. Maria Keet. Logics for Conceptual Data Modelling: A Review. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 4:1-4:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{fillottrani_et_al:TGDK.2.1.4,
  author =	{Fillottrani, Pablo R. and Keet, C. Maria},
  title =	{{Logics for Conceptual Data Modelling: A Review}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{4:1--4:30},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198616},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Conceptual Data Modelling, EER, UML, Description Logics, OWL}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2015.40
Dismatching and Local Disunification in EL

Authors: Franz Baader, Stefan Borgwardt, and Barbara Morawska

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 36, 26th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2015)

Abstract
Unification in Description Logics has been introduced as a means to detect redundancies in ontologies. We try to extend the known decidability results for unification in the Description Logic EL to disunification since negative constraints on unifiers can be used to avoid unwanted unifiers. While decidability of the solvability of general EL-disunification problems remains an open problem, we obtain NP-completeness results for two interesting special cases: dismatching problems, where one side of each negative constraint must be ground, and local solvability of disunification problems, where we restrict the attention to solutions that are built from so-called atoms occurring in the input problem. More precisely, we first show that dismatching can be reduced to local disunification, and then provide two complementary NP-algorithms for finding local solutions of (general) disunification problems.
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Franz Baader, Stefan Borgwardt, and Barbara Morawska. Dismatching and Local Disunification in EL. In 26th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 36, pp. 40-56, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{baader_et_al:LIPIcs.RTA.2015.40,
  author =	{Baader, Franz and Borgwardt, Stefan and Morawska, Barbara},
  title =	{{Dismatching and Local Disunification in EL}},
  booktitle =	{26th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2015)},
  pages =	{40--56},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-85-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{36},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2015.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-51884},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2015.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: Unification, Description Logics, SAT}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.1
07401 Abstracts Collection – Deduction and Decision Procedures

Authors: Franz Baader, Byron Cook, Jürgen Giesl, and Robert Nieuwenhuis

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Deduction and Decision Procedures (2007)

Abstract
From 01.10. to 05.10.2007, the Dagstuhl Seminar 07401 ``Deduction and Decision Procedures'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper.
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Franz Baader, Byron Cook, Jürgen Giesl, and Robert Nieuwenhuis. 07401 Abstracts Collection – Deduction and Decision Procedures. In Deduction and Decision Procedures. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, pp. 1-20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{baader_et_al:DagSemProc.07401.1,
  author =	{Baader, Franz and Cook, Byron and Giesl, J\"{u}rgen and Nieuwenhuis, Robert},
  title =	{{07401 Abstracts Collection – Deduction and Decision Procedures}},
  booktitle =	{Deduction and Decision Procedures},
  pages =	{1--20},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7401},
  editor =	{Franz Baader and Byron Cook and J\"{u}rgen Giesl and Robert Nieuwenhuis},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12521},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Decision Procedures, Deduction, Boolean Satisfiability, First-Order Logic, Integer Arithmetic, Combination of Theories, Satisfiability Modulo Theories Rewrite Systems, Formal Verification, Model Finding}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.2
07401 Executive Summary – Deduction and Decision Procedures

Authors: Franz Baader, Byron Cook, Jürgen Giesl, and Robert Nieuwenhuis

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Deduction and Decision Procedures (2007)

Abstract
Formal logic provides a mathematical foundation for many areas of computer science. Significant progress has been made in the challenge of making computers perform non-trivial logical reasoning. be it fully automatic, or in interaction with humans. In the last years it has become more and more evident that theory-specific reasoners, and in particular decision procedures, are extremely important in many applications of such deduction tools. General-purpose reasoning methods such as resolution or paramodulation alone are not efficient enough to handle the needs of real-world applications. % For this reason, the focus of this seminar was on decision procedures, their integration into general-purpose theorem provers, and the application of the integrated tools in computer science.
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Franz Baader, Byron Cook, Jürgen Giesl, and Robert Nieuwenhuis. 07401 Executive Summary – Deduction and Decision Procedures. In Deduction and Decision Procedures. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{baader_et_al:DagSemProc.07401.2,
  author =	{Baader, Franz and Cook, Byron and Giesl, J\"{u}rgen and Nieuwenhuis, Robert},
  title =	{{07401 Executive Summary – Deduction and Decision Procedures}},
  booktitle =	{Deduction and Decision Procedures},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7401},
  editor =	{Franz Baader and Byron Cook and J\"{u}rgen Giesl and Robert Nieuwenhuis},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12515},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Formal Logic, Deduction, Artificial Intelligence}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.3
Decision Procedures for Loop Detection

Authors: René Thiemann, Jürgen Giesl, and Peter Schneider-Kamp

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Deduction and Decision Procedures (2007)

Abstract
The dependency pair technique is a powerful modular method for automated termination proofs of term rewrite systems. We first show that dependency pairs are also suitable for disproving termination: loops can be detected more easily. In a second step we analyze how to disprove innermost termination. Here, we present a novel procedure to decide whether a given loop is an innermost loop. All results have been implemented in the termination prover AProVE.
Cite as

René Thiemann, Jürgen Giesl, and Peter Schneider-Kamp. Decision Procedures for Loop Detection. In Deduction and Decision Procedures. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{thiemann_et_al:DagSemProc.07401.3,
  author =	{Thiemann, Ren\'{e} and Giesl, J\"{u}rgen and Schneider-Kamp, Peter},
  title =	{{Decision Procedures for Loop Detection}},
  booktitle =	{Deduction and Decision Procedures},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7401},
  editor =	{Franz Baader and Byron Cook and J\"{u}rgen Giesl and Robert Nieuwenhuis},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12469},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Non-Termination, Decision Procedures, Term Rewriting, Dependency Pairs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.4
From Non-Disjoint Combination to Satisfiability and Model-Checking of Infinite State Systems

Authors: Silvio Ghilardi, Silvio Ranise, Enrica Nicolini, and Daniele Zucchelli

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Deduction and Decision Procedures (2007)

Abstract
In the first part of our contribution, we review recent results on combined constraint satisfiability for first order theories in the non-disjoint signatures case: this is done mainly in view of the applications to temporal satisfiability and model-checking covered by the second part of our talk, but we also illustrate in more detail some case-study where non-disjoint combination arises. The first case deals with extensions of the theory of arrays where indexes are endowed with a Presburger arithmetic structure and a length expressing `dimension' is added; the second case deals with the algebraic counterparts of fusion in modal logics. We then recall the basic features of the Nelson-Oppen method and investigate sufficient conditions for it to be complete and terminating in the non-disjoint signatures case: for completeness we rely on a model-theoretic $T_0$-compatibility condition (generalizing stable infiniteness) and for termination we impose a noetherianity requirement on positive constraints chains. We finally supply examples of theories matching these combinability hypotheses. In the second part of our contribution, we develop a framework for integrating first-order logic (FOL) and discrete Linear time Temporal Logic (LTL). Manna and Pnueli have extensively shown how a mixture of FOL and LTL is sufficient to precisely state verification problems for the class of reactive systems: theories in FOL model the (possibly infinite) data structures used by a reactive system while LTL specifies its (dynamic) behavior. Our framework for the integration is the following: we fix a theory $T$ in a first-order signature $Sigma$ and consider as a temporal model a sequence $cM_1, cM_2, dots$ of standard (first-order) models of $T$ and assume such models to share the same carrier (or, equivalently, the domain of the temporal model to be `constant'). Following Plaisted, we consider symbols from a subsignature $Sigma_r$ of $Sigma$ to be emph{rigid}, i.e. in a temporal model $cM_1, cM_2, dots$, the $Sigma_r$-restrictions of the $cM_i$'s must coincide. The symbols in $Sigmasetminus Sigma_r$ are called `flexible' and their interpretation is allowed to change over time (free variables are similarly divided into `rigid' and `flexible'). For model-checking, the emph{initial states} and the emph{transition relation} are represented by first-order formulae, whose role is that of (non-deterministically) restricting the temporal evolution of the model. In the quantifier-free case, we obtain sufficient conditions for %undecidability and decidability for both satisfiability and model-checking of safety properties emph{by lifting combination methods} for emph{non-disjoint} theories in FOL: noetherianity and $T_0$-compatibility (where $T_0$ is the theory axiomatizing the rigid subtheory) gives decidability of satisfiability, whereas $T_0$-compatibility and local finiteness give safety model-checking decidability. The proofs of these decidability results suggest how decision procedures for the constraint satisfiability problem of theories in FOL and algorithms for checking the satisfiability of propositional LTL formulae can be integrated. This paves the way to employ efficient Satisfiability Modulo Theories solvers in the model-checking of infinite state systems. We illustrate our techniques on some examples and discuss further work in the area.
Cite as

Silvio Ghilardi, Silvio Ranise, Enrica Nicolini, and Daniele Zucchelli. From Non-Disjoint Combination to Satisfiability and Model-Checking of Infinite State Systems. In Deduction and Decision Procedures. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, pp. 1-2, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{ghilardi_et_al:DagSemProc.07401.4,
  author =	{Ghilardi, Silvio and Ranise, Silvio and Nicolini, Enrica and Zucchelli, Daniele},
  title =	{{From Non-Disjoint Combination to Satisfiability and Model-Checking of Infinite State Systems}},
  booktitle =	{Deduction and Decision Procedures},
  pages =	{1--2},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7401},
  editor =	{Franz Baader and Byron Cook and J\"{u}rgen Giesl and Robert Nieuwenhuis},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12479},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Non disjoint combination, linear temporal logic, model checking}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.5
Implementing RPO and POLO using SAT

Authors: Peter Schneider-Kamp, Carsten Fuhs, René Thiemann, Jürgen Giesl, Elena Annov, Michael Codish, Aart Middeldorp, and Harald Zankl

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Deduction and Decision Procedures (2007)

Abstract
Well-founded orderings are the most basic, but also most important ingredient to virtually all termination analyses. The recursive path order with status (RPO) and polynomial interpretations (POLO) are the two classes that are the most popular in the termination analysis of term rewrite systems. Numerous fully automated search algorithms for these classes have therefore been devised and implemented in termination tools. Unfortunately, the performance of these algorithms on all but the smallest termination problems has been lacking. E.g., recently developed transformations from programming languages like Haskell or Prolog allow to apply termination tools for term rewrite systems to real programming languages. The results of the transformations are often of non-trivial size, though, and cannot be handled efficiently by the existing algorithms. The need for more efficient search algorithms has triggered research in reducing these search problems into decision problems for which more efficient algorithms already exist. Here, we introduce an encoding of RPO and POLO to the satisfiability of propositional logic (SAT). We implemented these encodings in our termination tool AProVE. Extensive experiments have shown that one can obtain speedups in orders of magnitude by this encoding and the application of modern SAT solvers. The talk is based on joint work with Elena Annov, Mike Codish, Carsten Fuhs, Jürgen Giesl, Aart Middeldorp, René Thiemann, and Harald Zankl.
Cite as

Peter Schneider-Kamp, Carsten Fuhs, René Thiemann, Jürgen Giesl, Elena Annov, Michael Codish, Aart Middeldorp, and Harald Zankl. Implementing RPO and POLO using SAT. In Deduction and Decision Procedures. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, pp. 1-10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{schneiderkamp_et_al:DagSemProc.07401.5,
  author =	{Schneider-Kamp, Peter and Fuhs, Carsten and Thiemann, Ren\'{e} and Giesl, J\"{u}rgen and Annov, Elena and Codish, Michael and Middeldorp, Aart and Zankl, Harald},
  title =	{{Implementing RPO and POLO using SAT}},
  booktitle =	{Deduction and Decision Procedures},
  pages =	{1--10},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7401},
  editor =	{Franz Baader and Byron Cook and J\"{u}rgen Giesl and Robert Nieuwenhuis},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12491},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Termination, SAT, recursive path order, polynomial interpretation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.6
Local Theory Extensions, Hierarchical Reasoning and Applications to Verification

Authors: Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans, Carsten Ihlemann, and Swen Jacobs

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Deduction and Decision Procedures (2007)

Abstract
Many problems occurring in verification can be reduced to proving the satisfiability of conjunctions of literals in a background theory. This can be a concrete theory (e.g. the theory of real or rational numbers), the extension of a theory with additional functions (free, monotone, or recursively defined) or a combination of theories. It is therefore very important to have efficient procedures for checking the satisfiability of conjunctions of ground literals in such theories. We present some new results on hierarchical and modular reasoning in complex theories, as well as several examples of application domains in which efficient reasoning is possible. We show, in particular, that various phenomena analyzed in the verification literature can be explained in a unified way using the notion of local theory extension.
Cite as

Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans, Carsten Ihlemann, and Swen Jacobs. Local Theory Extensions, Hierarchical Reasoning and Applications to Verification. In Deduction and Decision Procedures. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, pp. 1-22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{sofroniestokkermans_et_al:DagSemProc.07401.6,
  author =	{Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica and Ihlemann, Carsten and Jacobs, Swen},
  title =	{{Local Theory Extensions, Hierarchical Reasoning and Applications to Verification}},
  booktitle =	{Deduction and Decision Procedures},
  pages =	{1--22},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7401},
  editor =	{Franz Baader and Byron Cook and J\"{u}rgen Giesl and Robert Nieuwenhuis},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12507},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Automated reasoning, Combinations of decision procedures, Verification}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.7
Termination of Programs using Term Rewriting and SAT Solving

Authors: Jürgen Giesl, Peter Schneider-Kamp, René Thiemann, Stephan Swiderski, Manh Thang Nguyen, Daniel De Schreye, and Alexander Serebrenik

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Deduction and Decision Procedures (2007)

Abstract
There are many powerful techniques for automated termination analysis of term rewrite systems (TRSs). However, up to now they have hardly been used for real programming languages. In this talk, we describe recent results which permit the application of existing techniques from term rewriting in order to prove termination of programs. We discuss two possible approaches: 1. One could translate programs into TRSs and then use existing tools to verify termination of the resulting TRSs. 2. One could adapt TRS-techniques to the respective programming languages in order to analyze programs directly. We present such approaches for the functional language Haskell and the logic language Prolog. Our results have been implemented in the termination provers AProVE and Polytool. In order to handle termination problems resulting from real programs, these provers had to be coupled with modern SAT solvers, since the automation of the TRS-termination techniques had to improve significantly. Our resulting termination analyzers are currently the most powerful ones for Haskell and Prolog.
Cite as

Jürgen Giesl, Peter Schneider-Kamp, René Thiemann, Stephan Swiderski, Manh Thang Nguyen, Daniel De Schreye, and Alexander Serebrenik. Termination of Programs using Term Rewriting and SAT Solving. In Deduction and Decision Procedures. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7401, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{giesl_et_al:DagSemProc.07401.7,
  author =	{Giesl, J\"{u}rgen and Schneider-Kamp, Peter and Thiemann, Ren\'{e} and Swiderski, Stephan and Nguyen, Manh Thang and De Schreye, Daniel and Serebrenik, Alexander},
  title =	{{Termination of Programs using Term Rewriting and SAT Solving}},
  booktitle =	{Deduction and Decision Procedures},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7401},
  editor =	{Franz Baader and Byron Cook and J\"{u}rgen Giesl and Robert Nieuwenhuis},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12481},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07401.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Termination, Term Rewriting, Haskell, Prolog, SAT Solving}
}
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