7 Search Results for "Dey, Palash"


Document
Packing Compact Subgraphs with Applications to Districting

Authors: Ho-Lin Chen, Po-Yu Chou, Prathamesh Dharangutte, Jie Gao, Shang-En Huang, and Fang-Yi Yu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 368, 7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2026)


Abstract
Packing disjoint subgraphs in a given graph is a fundamental problem with many applications. Motivated by political districting, we focus on connected subgraphs that are compact (e.g., having constant radius from a single center vertex) and that satisfy additional composition requirements, such as a minimum population/weight threshold or balanced weight types (e.g., political affiliations). We aim to maximize coverage by disjoint districts that meet these requirements. In this work, we present new results that substantially improve the previously known bounds on balanced star districts for planar and minor-free graphs [Prathamesh Dharangutte et al., 2025]. In particular, we improve the approximation factor from O(log n) to O(1) for packing balanced star districts using the exact same algorithm, but with a refined analysis. We also extend the results beyond planar graphs to minor-free graphs and an even broader family of graphs of bounded expansion. Additionally, we obtain an O(1) approximation for packing radius-k districts (with a constant k) in planar and apex-minor-free graphs. In order to get a (1+ε) approximation on the max coverage, we show that this can be achieved if we allow a slight relaxation of the balancedness parameters (by a factor that can be made arbitrarily close to 1), for bounded radius-k districts on planar and apex-minor-free graphs. We show that all of these results can also be obtained if we enforce a minimum weight threshold for each district as the composition requirement, rather than balancedness. We present various results on hardness and hardness of approximation for this variant, by graph and district types.

Cite as

Ho-Lin Chen, Po-Yu Chou, Prathamesh Dharangutte, Jie Gao, Shang-En Huang, and Fang-Yi Yu. Packing Compact Subgraphs with Applications to Districting. In 7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 368, pp. 10:1-10:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{chen_et_al:LIPIcs.FORC.2026.10,
  author =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Chou, Po-Yu and Dharangutte, Prathamesh and Gao, Jie and Huang, Shang-En and Yu, Fang-Yi},
  title =	{{Packing Compact Subgraphs with Applications to Districting}},
  booktitle =	{7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2026)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-419-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{368},
  editor =	{Lin, Huijia (Rachel)},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-259820},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation algorithms, algorithmic fairness}
}
Document
An ETH-Tight FPT Algorithm for Rejection-Proof Set Packing with Applications to Kidney Exchange

Authors: Bart M. P. Jansen, Jeroen S. K. Lamme, and Ruben F. A. Verhaegh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 358, 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)


Abstract
We study the parameterized complexity of a recently introduced multi-agent variant of the Kidney Exchange problem. Given a directed graph G and integers d and k, the standard problem asks whether G contains a packing of vertex-disjoint cycles, each of length ≤ d, covering at least k vertices in total. In the multi-agent setting we consider, the vertex set is partitioned over several agents who reject a cycle packing as solution if it can be modified into an alternative packing that covers more of their own vertices. A cycle packing is called rejection-proof if no agent rejects it and the problem asks whether such a packing exists that covers at least k vertices. We exploit the sunflower lemma on a set packing formulation of the problem to give a kernel for this Σ₂^P-complete problem that is polynomial in k for all constant values of d. We also provide a 2^𝒪(k log k) + n^𝒪(1) algorithm based on it and show that this FPT algorithm is asymptotically optimal under the ETH. Further, we generalize the problem by including an additional positive integer c in the input that naturally captures how much agents can modify a given cycle packing to reject it. For every constant c, the resulting problem simplifies from being Σ₂^P-complete to NP-complete. The super-exponential lower bound already holds for c = 2, though. We present an ad-hoc single-exponential algorithm for c = 1. These results reveal an interesting discrepancy between the classical and parameterized complexity of the problem and give a good view of what makes it hard.

Cite as

Bart M. P. Jansen, Jeroen S. K. Lamme, and Ruben F. A. Verhaegh. An ETH-Tight FPT Algorithm for Rejection-Proof Set Packing with Applications to Kidney Exchange. In 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 358, pp. 9:1-9:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{jansen_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.9,
  author =	{Jansen, Bart M. P. and Lamme, Jeroen S. K. and Verhaegh, Ruben F. A.},
  title =	{{An ETH-Tight FPT Algorithm for Rejection-Proof Set Packing with Applications to Kidney Exchange}},
  booktitle =	{20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-407-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{358},
  editor =	{Agrawal, Akanksha and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251414},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized complexity, Multi-agent kidney exchange, Kernelization, Set packing}
}
Document
Binary k-Center with Missing Entries: Structure Leads to Tractability

Authors: Tobias Friedrich, Kirill Simonov, and Farehe Soheil

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 358, 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)


Abstract
k-Center clustering is a fundamental classification problem, where the task is to categorize the given collection of entities into k clusters and come up with a representative for each cluster, so that the maximum distance between an entity and its representative is minimized. In this work, we focus on the setting where the entities are represented by binary vectors with missing entries, which model incomplete categorical data. This version of the problem has wide applications, from predictive analytics to bioinformatics. Our main finding is that the problem, which is notoriously hard from the classical complexity viewpoint, becomes tractable as soon as the known entries are sparse and exhibit a certain structure. Formally, we show fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for the parameters vertex cover, fracture number, and treewidth of the row-column graph, which encodes the positions of the known entries of the matrix. Additionally, we tie the complexity of the 1-cluster variant of the problem, which is famous under the name Closest String, to the complexity of solving integer linear programs with few constraints. This implies, in particular, that improving upon the running times of our algorithms would lead to more efficient algorithms for integer linear programming in general.

Cite as

Tobias Friedrich, Kirill Simonov, and Farehe Soheil. Binary k-Center with Missing Entries: Structure Leads to Tractability. In 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 358, pp. 8:1-8:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{friedrich_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.8,
  author =	{Friedrich, Tobias and Simonov, Kirill and Soheil, Farehe},
  title =	{{Binary k-Center with Missing Entries: Structure Leads to Tractability}},
  booktitle =	{20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-407-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{358},
  editor =	{Agrawal, Akanksha and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251403},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Clustering, Missing Entries, k-Center, Parameterized Algorithms}
}
Document
Hardness of Finding Kings and Strong Kings

Authors: Ziad Ismaili Alaoui and Nikhil Mande

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 360, 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)


Abstract
A king in a directed graph is a vertex v such that every other vertex is reachable from v via a path of length at most 2. It is well known that every tournament (a complete graph where each edge has a direction) has at least one king. Our contributions in this work are: - We show that the query complexity of determining existence of a king in arbitrary n-vertex digraphs is Θ(n²). This is in stark contrast to the case where the input is a tournament, where Shen, Sheng, and Wu [SICOMP'03] showed that a king can be found in O(n^{3/2}) queries. - In an attempt to increase the "fairness" in the definition of tournament winners, Ho and Chang [IPL'03] defined a strong king to be a king k such that, for every v that dominates k, the number of length-2 paths from k to v is strictly larger than the number of length-2 paths from v to k. We show that the query complexity of finding a strong king in a tournament is Θ(n²). This answers a question of Biswas, Jayapaul, Raman, and Satti [DAM'22] in the negative. A key component in our proofs is the design of specific tournaments where every vertex is a king, and analyzing certain properties of these tournaments. We feel these constructions and properties are independently interesting and may lead to more interesting results about tournament solutions.

Cite as

Ziad Ismaili Alaoui and Nikhil Mande. Hardness of Finding Kings and Strong Kings. In 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 360, pp. 36:1-36:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{ismailialaoui_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.36,
  author =	{Ismaili Alaoui, Ziad and Mande, Nikhil},
  title =	{{Hardness of Finding Kings and Strong Kings}},
  booktitle =	{45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-406-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{360},
  editor =	{Aiswarya, C. and Mehta, Ruta and Roy, Subhajit},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-250856},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: Tournaments, kings, query complexity}
}
Document
Knapsack with Vertex Cover, Set Cover, and Hitting Set

Authors: Palash Dey, Ashlesha Hota, Sudeshna Kolay, and Sipra Singh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 322, 35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024)


Abstract
In the Vertex Cover Knapsack problem, we are given an undirected graph G = (V, E), with weights (w(u))_{u ∈ V} and values (𝛂(u))_{u ∈ V} of the vertices, the size s of the knapsack, a target value p, and the goal is to compute if there exists a vertex cover U ⊆ V with total weight at most s, and total value at least p. This problem simultaneously generalizes the classical vertex cover and knapsack problems. We show that this problem is strongly NP-complete. However, it admits a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm for trees. In fact, we show that there is an algorithm that runs in time O (2^tw ⋅ n ⋅ min) where tw is the treewidth of G. Moreover, we can compute a (1-ε)- approximate solution for maximizing the value of the solution given the knapsack size as input in time O (2^tw ⋅ poly(n,1/ε,log(∑_{v ∈ V} 𝛂(v)))) and a (1+ε)-approximate solution to minimize the size of the solution given a target value as input, in time O (2^tw ⋅ poly(n,1/ε,log(∑_{v ∈ V} w(v)))) for every ε > 0. Restricting our attention to polynomial-time algorithms only, we then consider polynomial-time algorithms and present a 2 factor polynomial-time approximation algorithm for this problem for minimizing the total weight of the solution, which is optimal up to additive o(1) assuming Unique Games Conjecture (UGC). On the other hand, we show that there is no ρ factor polynomial-time approximation algorithm for maximizing the total value of the solution given a knapsack size for any ρ > 1 unless 𝖯 = NP. Furthermore, we show similar results for the variants of the above problem when the solution U needs to be a minimal vertex cover, minimum vertex cover, and vertex cover of size at most k for some input integer k. Then, we consider set families (equivalently hypergraphs) and study the variants of the above problem when the solution needs to be a set cover and hitting set. We show that there are H_d and f factor polynomial-time approximation algorithms for Set Cover Knapsack where d is the maximum cardinality of any set and f is the maximum number of sets in the family where any element can belongs in the input for minimizing the weight of the knapsack given a target value, and a d factor polynomial-time approximation algorithm for d-Hitting Set Knapsack which are optimal up to additive o(1) assuming UGC. On the other hand, we show that there is no ρ factor polynomial-time approximation algorithm for maximizing the total value of the solution given a knapsack size for any ρ > 1 unless 𝖯 = NP for both Set Cover Knapsack and d-Hitting Set Knapsack.

Cite as

Palash Dey, Ashlesha Hota, Sudeshna Kolay, and Sipra Singh. Knapsack with Vertex Cover, Set Cover, and Hitting Set. In 35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 322, pp. 27:1-27:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{dey_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.27,
  author =	{Dey, Palash and Hota, Ashlesha and Kolay, Sudeshna and Singh, Sipra},
  title =	{{Knapsack with Vertex Cover, Set Cover, and Hitting Set}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-354-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{322},
  editor =	{Mestre, Juli\'{a}n and Wirth, Anthony},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-221540},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Knapsack, vertex cover, minimal vertex cover, minimum vertex cover, hitting set, set cover, algorithm, approximation algorithm, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
Improved Explicit Data Structures in the Bit-Probe Model Using Error-Correcting Codes

Authors: Palash Dey, Jaikumar Radhakrishnan, and Santhoshini Velusamy

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 170, 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)


Abstract
We consider the bit-probe complexity of the set membership problem: represent an n-element subset S of an m-element universe as a succinct bit vector so that membership queries of the form "Is x ∈ S" can be answered using at most t probes into the bit vector. Let s(m,n,t) (resp. s_N(m,n,t)) denote the minimum number of bits of storage needed when the probes are adaptive (resp. non-adaptive). Lewenstein, Munro, Nicholson, and Raman (ESA 2014) obtain fully-explicit schemes that show that s(m,n,t) = 𝒪((2^t-1)m^{1/(t - min{2⌊log n⌋, n-3/2})}) for n ≥ 2,t ≥ ⌊log n⌋+1 . In this work, we improve this bound when the probes are allowed to be superlinear in n, i.e., when t ≥ Ω(nlog n), n ≥ 2, we design fully-explicit schemes that show that s(m,n,t) = 𝒪((2^t-1)m^{1/(t-{n-1}/{2^{t/(2(n-1))}})}), asymptotically (in the exponent of m) close to the non-explicit upper bound on s(m,n,t) derived by Radhakrishan, Shah, and Shannigrahi (ESA 2010), for constant n. In the non-adaptive setting, it was shown by Garg and Radhakrishnan (STACS 2017) that for a large constant n₀, for n ≥ n₀, s_N(m,n,3) ≥ √{mn}. We improve this result by showing that the same lower bound holds even for storing sets of size 2, i.e., s_N(m,2,3) ≥ Ω(√m).

Cite as

Palash Dey, Jaikumar Radhakrishnan, and Santhoshini Velusamy. Improved Explicit Data Structures in the Bit-Probe Model Using Error-Correcting Codes. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 170, pp. 28:1-28:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)


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@InProceedings{dey_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.28,
  author =	{Dey, Palash and Radhakrishnan, Jaikumar and Velusamy, Santhoshini},
  title =	{{Improved Explicit Data Structures in the Bit-Probe Model Using Error-Correcting Codes}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-159-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{170},
  editor =	{Esparza, Javier and Kr\'{a}l', Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126965},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Set membership, Bit-probe model, Fully-explicit data structures, Adaptive data structures, Error-correcting codes}
}
Document
On the Exact Amount of Missing Information that Makes Finding Possible Winners Hard

Authors: Palash Dey and Neeldhara Misra

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 83, 42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017)


Abstract
We consider election scenarios with incomplete information, a situation that arises often in practice. There are several models of incomplete information and accordingly, different notions of outcomes of such elections. In one well-studied model of incompleteness, the votes are given by partial orders over the candidates. In this context we can frame the problem of finding a possible winner, which involves determining whether a given candidate wins in at least one completion of a given set of partial votes for a specific voting rule. The Possible Winner problem is well-known to be NP-Complete in general, and it is in fact known to be NP-Complete for several voting rules where the number of undetermined pairs in every vote is bounded only by some constant. In this paper, we address the question of determining precisely the smallest number of undetermined pairs for which the Possible Winner problem remains NP-Complete. In particular, we find the exact values of t for which the Possible Winner problem transitions to being NP-Complete from being in P, where t is the maximum number of undetermined pairs in every vote. We demonstrate tight results for a broad subclass of scoring rules which includes all the commonly used scoring rules (such as plurality, veto, Borda, and k-approval), Copeland^\alpha for every \alpha in [0,1], maximin, and Bucklin voting rules. A somewhat surprising aspect of our results is that for many of these rules, the Possible Winner problem turns out to be hard even if every vote has at most one undetermined pair of candidates.

Cite as

Palash Dey and Neeldhara Misra. On the Exact Amount of Missing Information that Makes Finding Possible Winners Hard. In 42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 83, pp. 57:1-57:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)


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@InProceedings{dey_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.57,
  author =	{Dey, Palash and Misra, Neeldhara},
  title =	{{On the Exact Amount of Missing Information that Makes Finding Possible Winners Hard}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-046-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{83},
  editor =	{Larsen, Kim G. and Bodlaender, Hans L. and Raskin, Jean-Francois},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-81354},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: Computational Social Choice, Dichotomy, NP-completeness, Maxflow, Voting, Possible winner}
}
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