Volume
OASIcs, Volume 32
2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative
- Part of: Series: Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)
Event
CMN 2013, August 4-6, 2013, Hamburg, GermanyEditors
Publication Details
- published at: 2013-08-02
- Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
- ISBN: 978-3-939897-57-6
- DBLP: db/conf/cmn/cmn2013
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Document
Complete Volume
OASIcs, Volume 32, CMN'13, Complete Volume
Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 32, CMN'13, Complete Volume
Cite as
2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@Proceedings{finlayson_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013,
title = {{OASIcs, Volume 32, CMN'13, Complete Volume}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41727},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013},
annote = {Keywords: Probability and statistics, Systems and Information Theory, User/Machine Systems, Models and Principles: Miscellaneous, Database applications, Content Analysis and Indexing, Information storage, Digital Libraries, Communications Applications, Multimedia Information Systems, User Interfaces}
}
Document
Front Matter
Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, Workshop Organization
Abstract
Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, Workshop Organization
Cite as
2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. i-xv, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{finlayson_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.i,
author = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
title = {{Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, Workshop Organization}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {i--xv},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.i},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41357},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.i},
annote = {Keywords: Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, Workshop Organization}
}
Document
Invited Talk
A Participatory Perspective on the Experience of Narrative Worlds (Invited Talk)
Abstract
As people experience narratives, they often behave as if they are
participants in the narrative world. This talk embraces that claim to
develop a participatory perspective on readers' and viewers' narrative
experiences. This perspective asserts, for example, that readers
encode participatory responses as reactions to characters' utterances
and actions. The talk will review three areas of empirical research
that have emerged from this perspective. The first area will be
readers' experiences of narrative mysteries—circumstances in which a
text raises questions that are not immediately settled. The second
area will be the consequences of readers' participation as they weigh
in on characters' actions and decisions. The third area will be the
potential for changes in people's beliefs and attitudes as a product
of their narrative experiences.
Cite as
Richard Gerrig. A Participatory Perspective on the Experience of Narrative Worlds (Invited Talk). In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 1-2, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{gerrig:OASIcs.CMN.2013.1,
author = {Gerrig, Richard},
title = {{A Participatory Perspective on the Experience of Narrative Worlds}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {1--2},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.1},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41635},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.1},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative, Knowledge Representation, Knowledge Revision}
}
Document
Invited Talk
Plots as Summaries of Event Chains (Invited Talk)
Abstract
The plot of a narrative addresses what happened, and why. While a number of interesting theories of plot have been explored, it has proved hard in narrative interpretation to automatically compute a representation of the plot. This talk describes how to build a representation of what happened by summarizing temporal chains of events that involve a particular protagonist. These chains, which are based on the work of Chambers, can be summarized by various methods, including pruning subgraphs in the representation. Linguistic challenges include habitual expressions and non-literal language. The talk concludes with suggestions for how to layer causal information on top of the representation of what happened.
Cite as
Inderjeet Mani. Plots as Summaries of Event Chains (Invited Talk). In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, p. 3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{mani:OASIcs.CMN.2013.3,
author = {Mani, Inderjeet},
title = {{Plots as Summaries of Event Chains}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {3--3},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.3},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41623},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.3},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative, Summarization, Event Chains}
}
Document
CB-POCL: A Choice-Based Algorithm for Character Personality in Planning-based Narrative Generation
Abstract
The quality and believability of a story can be significantly enhanced by the presence of compelling characters. Characters can be made more compelling by the portrayal of a distinguishable personality. This paper presents an algorithm that formalizes an approach previously described for the incorporation of character personality in narrative that is automatically generated. The approach is based on a computational model that operationalizes personality as behavior that results from the choices made by characters in the course of a story. This operationalization is based on the Big Five personality structure and results from behavioral psychology studies that link behavior to personality traits.
Cite as
Julio César Bahamón and R. Michael Young. CB-POCL: A Choice-Based Algorithm for Character Personality in Planning-based Narrative Generation. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 4-23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{bahamon_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.4,
author = {Baham\'{o}n, Julio C\'{e}sar and Young, R. Michael},
title = {{CB-POCL: A Choice-Based Algorithm for Character Personality in Planning-based Narrative Generation}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {4--23},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.4},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41601},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.4},
annote = {Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Planning, Narrative Generation}
}
Document
Cognitive Interpretation of Everyday Activities - Toward Perceptual Narrative Based Visuo-Spatial Scene Interpretation
Abstract
We position a narrative-centred computational model for high-level knowledge representation and reasoning in the context of a range of assistive technologies concerned with visuo-spatial perception and cognition tasks. Our proposed narrative model encompasses aspects such as space, events, actions, change, and interaction from the viewpoint of commonsense reasoning and learning in large-scale cognitive systems. The broad focus of this paper is on the domain of human-activity interpretation in smart environments, ambient intelligence etc. In the backdrop of a smart meeting cinematography domain, we position the proposed narrative model, preliminary work on perceptual narrativisation, and the immediate outlook on constructing general-purpose open-source tools for perceptual narrativisation.
Cite as
Mehul Bhatt, Jakob Suchan, and Carl Schultz. Cognitive Interpretation of Everyday Activities - Toward Perceptual Narrative Based Visuo-Spatial Scene Interpretation. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 24-29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{bhatt_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.24,
author = {Bhatt, Mehul and Suchan, Jakob and Schultz, Carl},
title = {{Cognitive Interpretation of Everyday Activities - Toward Perceptual Narrative Based Visuo-Spatial Scene Interpretation}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {24--29},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.24},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41480},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.24},
annote = {Keywords: cognitive systems; human-computer interaction; spatial cognition and computation; commonsense reasoning; spatial and temporal reasoning; assistive tec}
}
Document
Exploring the Betrothed Lovers
Abstract
We present the ongoing activities and the first results achieved in a research project concerning the understanding of narrative in the high school. Students and teachers experimented with new ways to learn linguistic and digital skills, by using a collaborative learning environment built around the novel I Promessi Sposi. We analyzed the literary text, extracting social networks of characters and other fundamental narrative elements (sequences, locations, etc.), in order to provide the students with appropriate tools and resources to conduct their own inquiries on the novel.
Cite as
Andrea Bolioli, Matteo Casu, Maurizio Lana, and Renato Roda. Exploring the Betrothed Lovers. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 30-35, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{bolioli_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.30,
author = {Bolioli, Andrea and Casu, Matteo and Lana, Maurizio and Roda, Renato},
title = {{Exploring the Betrothed Lovers}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {30--35},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.30},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41535},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.30},
annote = {Keywords: Computational modelling of narratives, Educational content, Ontologies, Social Network Analytics}
}
Document
The Disappearance of Moral Choice in Serially Reproduced Narratives
Abstract
How do narratives influence moral decision-making? Our ongoing studies
use serial reproduction of narratives, that is multiple retellings as
in the telephone game, of morally ambiguous situations. In particular,
we tested stories that include a minor misdemeanor, but leave open
whether the wrongdoer will be punished by a bystander. It turns out
that serial reproduction (retelling) of stories tends to eliminate the
possibility of intervention by the bystander under certain conditions.
We reason that this effect can be explained either by preferences of
the readers or by the reader's discomfort to get involved. A second
finding is that retellings of third-person narratives of moral
situations lead to a higher degree of change and invention of the
outcome than first-person narratives.
Cite as
Fritz Breithaupt, Kevin M. Gardner, John K. Kruschke, Torrin M. Liddell, and Samuel Zorowitz. The Disappearance of Moral Choice in Serially Reproduced Narratives. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 36-42, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{breithaupt_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.36,
author = {Breithaupt, Fritz and Gardner, Kevin M. and Kruschke, John K. and Liddell, Torrin M. and Zorowitz, Samuel},
title = {{The Disappearance of Moral Choice in Serially Reproduced Narratives}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {36--42},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.36},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41386},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.36},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative, moral stories, side taking, serial reproduction, first-person versus third person narrative}
}
Document
Gist and Verbatim in Narrative Memory
Abstract
A major concern regarding the study of narratives regards how they are indexed and retrieved. This is a question which touches on the structure of human memory in general. Indeed, if narratives capture the substance of human thought, then data that we have already collected regarding human memory is of central importance to the computational study of narrative. Fuzzy Trace Theory assumes that memory for narrative is simultaneously stored at multiple levels of abstraction and, whenever possible, decision-makers interpret a stimulus qualitatively and therefore operate on a simple - typically categorical - "gist" representation. Here, we present a computational model of Fuzzy Trace Theory applied to explain the impact of changes in a narrative upon risky-choice framing effects. Overall, our theory predicts the outcome of 20 experimental effects using only three basic assumptions: 1) preference for lowest level of gist, that is, categorical processing; 2) decision options that fall within the same categorical description are then interpreted using finer-grained (ordinal or verbatim) distinctions; and 3) once the options are mentally represented, decision preferences are generated on the basis of simple positive vs. negative valences stored in long-term memory (e.g., positive value for human lives). A fourth assumption - that negatively-valenced decision options are preferentially converted to positive decision options - is used when categories are not otherwise comparable.
Cite as
David A. Broniatowski and Valerie F. Reyna. Gist and Verbatim in Narrative Memory. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 43-51, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{broniatowski_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.43,
author = {Broniatowski, David A. and Reyna, Valerie F.},
title = {{Gist and Verbatim in Narrative Memory}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {43--51},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.43},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41516},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.43},
annote = {Keywords: Decision-making; framing; gist; computational model}
}
Document
Assessing Two-Mode Semantic Network Story Representations Using a False Memory Paradigm
Abstract
This paper describes a novel method of representing semantic networks of stories (and other text) as a two-mode graph. This method has some advantages over traditional one-mode semantic networks, but has the potential drawback (shared with n-gram text networks) that it contains paths that are not present in the text. An empirical study was devised using a false memory paradigm to determine whether these induced paths are remembered as being true of a set of stories. Results indicate that participants report false memories consistent with the induced paths. Implications for further research and two-mode semantic representations are discussed.
Cite as
Steven R. Corman, B. Hunter Ball, Kimberly M. Talboom, and Gene A. Brewer. Assessing Two-Mode Semantic Network Story Representations Using a False Memory Paradigm. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 52-60, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{corman_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.53,
author = {Corman, Steven R. and Ball, B. Hunter and Talboom, Kimberly M. and Brewer, Gene A.},
title = {{Assessing Two-Mode Semantic Network Story Representations Using a False Memory Paradigm}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {52--60},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.53},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41479},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.53},
annote = {Keywords: Semantic networks, two-mode networks, false memory}
}
Document
Processing Narrative Coherence: Towards a Top-Down Model of Discourse
Abstract
Models of discourse and narration elaborated within the classical
compositional framework have been characterized as bottom-up models,
according to which discourse analysis proceeds incrementally, from
phrase and sentence local meaning to discourse global meaning. In this
paper we will argue against these models. Assuming as a case study the
issue of discourse coherence, we suggest that the assessment of
coherence is a top-down process, in which the construction of a
situational interpretation at the global meaning level guides local
meaning analysis. In support of our hypothesis, we explore the role of
executive functions (brain functions involved in planning and
organization of goal-oriented behaviors) in coherence's establishment,
discussing the results of several studies on narrative abilities of
patients with brain injuries. We suggest that, compared to other
models of discourse processing focused on comprehension, our model is
a viable candidate for an integrated account of discourse
comprehension and production.
Cite as
Erica Cosentino, Ines Adornetti, and Francesco Ferretti. Processing Narrative Coherence: Towards a Top-Down Model of Discourse. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 61-75, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{cosentino_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.61,
author = {Cosentino, Erica and Adornetti, Ines and Ferretti, Francesco},
title = {{Processing Narrative Coherence: Towards a Top-Down Model of Discourse}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {61--75},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.61},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41551},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.61},
annote = {Keywords: discourse processing, coherence, executive functions}
}
Document
Ontological Representations of Narratives: a Case Study on Stories and Actions
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the narrative ontological model encompassed in the Labyrinth system. The aim of the system is to allow users to explore a digital archive by following the narrative relations among the resources contained in it. Targeted at cultural heritage applications, the Labyrinth project relies on the notion of "cultural archetype", i.e., a core representation encompassing archetypical stories and characters, exploited as a conceptual framework for the access to archives of heterogeneous media objects.
In particular, we describe how the system leverages various types of ontological reasoning to let narrative relations emerge between artworks, and exemplify how these relations are exploited by the system to provide the user with a narrative conceptual framework she or he is familiar with in the exploration of the archive.
Cite as
Rossana Damiano and Antonio Lieto. Ontological Representations of Narratives: a Case Study on Stories and Actions. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 76-93, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{damiano_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.76,
author = {Damiano, Rossana and Lieto, Antonio},
title = {{Ontological Representations of Narratives: a Case Study on Stories and Actions}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {76--93},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.76},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41492},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.76},
annote = {Keywords: Story ontology, Cultural Heritage, Semantic Applications}
}
Document
Story Comparisons: Evidence from Film Reviews
Abstract
Interested in formally modelling similarity between narratives, we
investigate judgements of similarity between narratives in a small
corpus of film reviews and book–film comparisons. A main finding is
that judgements tend to concern multiple levels of story
representation at once. As these texts are pragmatically related to
reception contexts, we find many references to reception quality and
optimality. We conclude that current formal models of narrative can
not capture the task of naturalistic narrative comparisons given in
the analysed reviews, but that the development of models containing a
more reception-oriented point of view will be necessary.
Cite as
Bernhard Fisseni, Aadil Kurji, Deniz Sarikaya, and Mira Viehstädt. Story Comparisons: Evidence from Film Reviews. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 94-99, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{fisseni_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.94,
author = {Fisseni, Bernhard and Kurji, Aadil and Sarikaya, Deniz and Viehst\"{a}dt, Mira},
title = {{Story Comparisons: Evidence from Film Reviews}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {94--99},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.94},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41440},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.94},
annote = {Keywords: narrative, narrative comparison, intersemiotic translation adequacy}
}
Document
A Paradigm for Eliciting Story Variation
Abstract
The understanding of story variation, whether motivated by cultural currents or other factors, is important for applications of formal models of narrative such as story generation or story retrieval. We present the first stage of an experiment to elicit natural narrative variation data suitable for evaluation with respect to story similarity, to qualitative and quantitative analysis of story variation, and also for data processing. We also present few prelimary results from the first stage of the experiment, using Red Riding Hood and Romeo and Juliet as base texts.
Cite as
Bernhard Fisseni and Faith Lawrence. A Paradigm for Eliciting Story Variation. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 100-105, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{fisseni_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.100,
author = {Fisseni, Bernhard and Lawrence, Faith},
title = {{A Paradigm for Eliciting Story Variation}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {100--105},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.100},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41405},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.100},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative, Variation, Summary}
}
Document
Propp's Morphology of the Folk Tale as a Grammar for Generation
Abstract
The semi-formal analysis of Russian folk tales carried out by Vladimir Propp has often been used as theoretical background for the automated generation of stories. Its rigour and its exhaustive description of the constituent elements of Russian folk tales, and the enumeration of the patterns they follow, have acted as inspiration for several story generation systems, both sequential and interactive. Yet most of these efforts have attempted to generalize Propp’s account to types of stories beyond the corpus that it arose from. In the process, a number of the valuable intuitions present in the original work are lost. The present paper revisits Propp’s morphology to build a system that generates instances of Russian folk tales. Propp’s view of the folk tale as a rigid sequence of character functions is employed as a plot driver. Unification is used to incrementally build a conceptual representation of discourse by adding to an ongoing draft story actions that instantiate the character functions. Story actions are defined by pre and post conditions on the state of the plot to account for the causal relations crucial to narrative. The potential of the resulting system for providing a generic story generation system is discussed and possible lines of future work are discussed.
Cite as
Pablo Gervás. Propp's Morphology of the Folk Tale as a Grammar for Generation. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 106-122, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{gervas:OASIcs.CMN.2013.106,
author = {Gerv\'{a}s, Pablo},
title = {{Propp's Morphology of the Folk Tale as a Grammar for Generation}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {106--122},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.106},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41567},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.106},
annote = {Keywords: narrative generation, story grammar, unification}
}
Document
Computationally Modeling Narratives of Social Group Membership with the Chimeria System
Abstract
Narratives are often used to form, convey, and reinforce memberships in social groups. Our system, called Chimeria, implements a model of social group membership. Here, we report upon the Chimeria Social Narrative Interface (Chimeria-SN), a component of the Chimeria system, that conveys this model to users through narrative. This component is grounded in a sociolinguistics model of conversational narrative, with some adaptations and extensions in order for it to be applied to an interactive social networking domain. One eventual goal of this work is to be able to extrapolate social group membership by analyzing narratives in social networks; this paper deals with the inverse of that problem, namely, synthesizing narratives from a model of social group membership dynamics.
Cite as
D. Fox Harrell, Dominic Kao, and Chong-U Lim. Computationally Modeling Narratives of Social Group Membership with the Chimeria System. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 123-128, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{harrell_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.123,
author = {Harrell, D. Fox and Kao, Dominic and Lim, Chong-U},
title = {{Computationally Modeling Narratives of Social Group Membership with the Chimeria System}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {123--128},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.123},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41548},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.123},
annote = {Keywords: computational narrative, cognitive categorization, social classification, social group membership and naturalization, social media}
}
Document
Narrative Similarity as Common Summary
Abstract
The ability to identify similarities between narratives has been argued to be central in human interactions. Previous work that sought to formalize this task has hypothesized that narrative similarity can be equated to the existence of a common summary between the narratives involved. We offer tangible psychological evidence in support of this hypothesis. Human participants in our empirical study were presented with triples of stories, and were asked to rate: (i) the degree of similarity between story A and story B; (ii) the appropriateness of story C as a summary of story A; (iii) the appropriateness of story C as a summary of story B. The story triples were selected systematically to span the space of their possible interrelations. Empirical evidence gathered from this study overwhelmingly supports the position that the higher the latter two ratings are, the higher the first rating also is. Thus, while this work does not purport to formally define either of the two tasks involved, it does argue that one can be meaningfully reduced to the other.
Cite as
Elektra Kypridemou and Loizos Michael. Narrative Similarity as Common Summary. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 129-146, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{kypridemou_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.129,
author = {Kypridemou, Elektra and Michael, Loizos},
title = {{Narrative Similarity as Common Summary}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {129--146},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.129},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41528},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.129},
annote = {Keywords: narratives, similarity, common summary, empirical study, questionnaire}
}
Document
Testing Reader Ethical Judgments over the Course of a Narrative
Abstract
We present a web-based environment - an Ethics Workbench - which
allows a reader's ethical judgments to be solicited while reading a
narrative. Preliminary results show generally consistent scores across
subjects and test conditions, and suggest that it is possible to
measure how individual readers respond to texts in terms of ethical
judgments, how the linearity inherent in narrative plays a role in
affecting ethical judgments, and how readers appear to synthesize
judgments over the course of a text. Applications of the model include
the empirical analysis of the ethical aspects of reading, the more
detailed study of ethical issues, the potential for eliciting ethical
discussions, and a means of dynamically planning texts to achieve
maximum effect with respect to reader judgments.
Cite as
Greg Lessard and Michael Levison. Testing Reader Ethical Judgments over the Course of a Narrative. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 147-152, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{lessard_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.147,
author = {Lessard, Greg and Levison, Michael},
title = {{Testing Reader Ethical Judgments over the Course of a Narrative}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {147--152},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.147},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41399},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.147},
annote = {Keywords: Directed acyclic graphs, literary narratives, ethical evaluations}
}
Document
Theoretical Issues in the Computational Modelling of Yorùbá Narratives
Abstract
Developing a coherent computational model for narratives across
multiple cultures raises the question of the components and structure
of a framework within which African narratives can be conceptualised
and formalised. It is well known that narratives are influenced by
cultural, linguistic, and cognitive factors. We identify and define
entities, elements, and relations necessary for the adequate
description of Yorùbá narratives. We also discuss these theoretical
issues in the context of designing a formal framework that is amenable
to computational modelling.
Cite as
Olufemi D. Ninan and Odetunji A. Odéjobí. Theoretical Issues in the Computational Modelling of Yorùbá Narratives. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 153-157, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{ninan_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.153,
author = {Ninan, Olufemi D. and Od\'{e}job{\'\i}, Odetunji A.},
title = {{Theoretical Issues in the Computational Modelling of Yor\`{u}b\'{a} Narratives}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {153--157},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.153},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41424},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.153},
annote = {Keywords: Natural language interfaces, Narratives and story generation, Human computer interaction}
}
Document
Constructing Spatial Representations from Narratives and Non-Narrative Descriptions: Evidence from 7-year-olds
Abstract
Although narratives often contain detailed descriptions of space and setting and readers frequently report vividly imagining these story worlds, evidence for the construction of spatial representations during narrative processing is currently mixed. In the present study, we investigated 7 year old children's ability to construct spatial representations of narrative spaces and compared this to the ability to construct representations from non-narrative descriptions. We hypothesized that performance would be better in the narrative condition, where children have the opportunity to construct a multi-dimensional situation model built around the character's motivations and actions. Children listened to either a narrative that included a character traveling between 5 locations in her neighbourhood or a description of the same 5-location neighbourhood. Those in the narrative condition significantly outperformed those in the description condition in constructing the layout of the neighbourhood locations. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that whereas performance on the narrative version was predicted by narrative comprehension ability, performance on the description version was predicted by working memory ability. These results suggest the possibility that building spatial representations from narratives and non-narratives may engage different cognitive processes.
Cite as
Angela Nyhout and Daniela K. O'Neill. Constructing Spatial Representations from Narratives and Non-Narrative Descriptions: Evidence from 7-year-olds. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 158-165, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{nyhout_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.158,
author = {Nyhout, Angela and O'Neill, Daniela K.},
title = {{Constructing Spatial Representations from Narratives and Non-Narrative Descriptions: Evidence from 7-year-olds}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {158--165},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.158},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41574},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.158},
annote = {Keywords: narrative, developmental psychology, spatial representation, mental models}
}
Document
Linking Motif Sequences with Tale Types by Machine Learning
Abstract
Abstract units of narrative content called motifs constitute sequences, also known as tale types. However whereas the dependency of tale types on the constituent motifs is clear, the strength of their bond has not been measured this far. Based on the observation that differences between such motif sequences are reminiscent of nucleotide and chromosome mutations in genetics, i.e., constitute "narrative DNA", we used sequence mining methods from bioinformatics to learn more about the nature of tale types as a corpus. 94% of the Aarne-Thompson-Uther catalogue (2249 tale types in 7050 variants) was listed as individual motif strings based on the Thompson Motif Index, and scanned for similar subsequences. Next, using machine learning algorithms, we built and evaluated a classifier which predicts the tale type of a new motif sequence. Our findings indicate that, due to the size of the available samples, the classification model was best able to predict magic tales, novelles and jokes.
Cite as
Nir Ofek, Sándor Darányi, and Lior Rokach. Linking Motif Sequences with Tale Types by Machine Learning. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 166-182, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{ofek_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.166,
author = {Ofek, Nir and Dar\'{a}nyi, S\'{a}ndor and Rokach, Lior},
title = {{Linking Motif Sequences with Tale Types by Machine Learning}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {166--182},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.166},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41508},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.166},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative DNA, tale types, motifs, type-motif correlation, machine learning}
}
Document
Character Networks for Narrative Generation: Structural Balance Theory and the Emergence of Proto-Narratives
Abstract
This paper models narrative as a complex adaptive system in which the temporal sequence of events constituting a story emerges out of cascading local interactions between nodes in a social network. The approach is not intended as a general theory of narrative, but rather as a particular generative mechanism relevant to several academic communities: (1) literary critics and narrative theorists interested in new models for narrative analysis, (2) artificial intelligence researchers and video game designers interested in new mechanisms for narrative generation, and (3) complex systems theorists interested in novel applications of agent-based modeling and network theory. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part offers examples of research by literary critics on the relationship between social networks of fictional characters and the structure of long-form narratives, particularly novels. The second part provides an example of schematic story generation based on a simulation of the structural balance network model. I will argue that if literary critics can better understand sophisticated narratives by extracting networks from them, then narrative intelligence researchers can benefit by inverting the process, that is, by generating narratives from networks.
Cite as
Graham Alexander Sack. Character Networks for Narrative Generation: Structural Balance Theory and the Emergence of Proto-Narratives. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 183-197, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{sack:OASIcs.CMN.2013.183,
author = {Sack, Graham Alexander},
title = {{Character Networks for Narrative Generation: Structural Balance Theory and the Emergence of Proto-Narratives}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {183--197},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.183},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41617},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.183},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative Generation, Social Network Analysis, Structural Balance Theory, Agent Based Modeling}
}
Document
A Data-Driven Approach for Classification of Subjectivity in Personal Narratives
Abstract
Personal narratives typically involve a narrator who participates in a sequence of events in the past. The narrator is therefore present at two narrative levels: (1) the extradiegetic level, where the act of narration takes place, with the narrator addressing an audience directly; and (2) the diegetic level, where the events in the story take place, with the narrator as a participant (usually the protagonist). Although story understanding is commonly associated with semantics of the diegetic level (i.e., understanding the events that take place within the story), personal narratives may also contain important information at the extradiegetic level that frames the narrated events and is crucial for capturing the narrator’s intent. We present a data-driven modeling approach that learns to identify subjective passages that express mental and emotional states of the narrator, placing them at either the diegetic or extradiegetic level. We describe an experiment where we used narratives from personal weblog posts to measure the effectiveness of our approach across various topics in this narrative genre.
Cite as
Kenji Sagae, Andrew S. Gordon, Morteza Dehghani, Mike Metke, Jackie S. Kim, Sarah I. Gimbel, Christine Tipper, Jonas Kaplan, and Mary Helen Immordino-Yang. A Data-Driven Approach for Classification of Subjectivity in Personal Narratives. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 198-213, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{sagae_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.198,
author = {Sagae, Kenji and Gordon, Andrew S. and Dehghani, Morteza and Metke, Mike and Kim, Jackie S. and Gimbel, Sarah I. and Tipper, Christine and Kaplan, Jonas and Immordino-Yang, Mary Helen},
title = {{A Data-Driven Approach for Classification of Subjectivity in Personal Narratives}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {198--213},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.198},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41454},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.198},
annote = {Keywords: personal narrative, subjectivity, diegetic levels, discourse}
}
Document
Using Unexpected Simplicity to Control Moral Judgments and Interest in Narratives
Abstract
The challenge of narrative automatic generation is to produce not only coherent, but interesting stories. This study considers the problem within the Simplicity Theory framework. According to this theory, interesting situations must be unexpectedly simple, either because they should have required complex circumstances to be produced, or because they are abnormally simple, as in coincidences. Here we consider the special case of narratives in which characters perform actions with emotional consequences. We show, using the simplicity framework, how notions such as intentions, believability, responsibility and moral judgments are linked to narrative interest.
Cite as
Antoine Saillenfest and Jean-Louis Dessalles. Using Unexpected Simplicity to Control Moral Judgments and Interest in Narratives. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 214-227, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{saillenfest_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.214,
author = {Saillenfest, Antoine and Dessalles, Jean-Louis},
title = {{Using Unexpected Simplicity to Control Moral Judgments and Interest in Narratives}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {214--227},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.214},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41414},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.214},
annote = {Keywords: Narratives, Kolmogorov Complexity, Interest, Moral Judgment, Intention, Responsibility}
}
Document
Narrativity and Textuality in the Study of Stories
Abstract
This paper seeks to investigate some of the defining elements of
narrative. The underlying assumption of my discussion is that the
terms "narrative" and "story" do not refer to clearly defined,
self-enclosed genres. Rather, they are part of a spectrum which
embraces all forms of texts. Similarly, narratives and stories are not
independent discourses but rather are an integral part of virtually
all forms of discourse, be it day-to-day conversation or more
specialized discourses. In order to analyze the relationship between
narratives and other modes of discourse, we introduce the concept of
narrativity. Narrativity refers to a collection of textual attributes.
All texts exist along a continuum of greater or lesser narrativity,
depending on the number and prominence of the narrative attributes
they contain. When we refer to a text as a story, we mean that it
contains a critical mass of narrativity. Most theorists of narrative
have defined narrativity purely in terms of "dynamism" - that is, the
extent to which a text portrays transition and change. To this I have
added the quality of "specificity". Specificity refers to the extent
to which a text focuses on a particular time or place, a unique event,
or individual people and objects. Many if not most texts contain a
certain degree of narrativity. We established, however, that in order
to be considered a story the text must present a sequence of at least
two interrelated events that occurred once and only once in the past.
In other words, a story must have a certain degree of dynamism in that
it portrays the transition from at least one event to another. It must
also have specificity at least to the degree that the text narrates
events that happened at a fixed time in the past. This theoretical
framework allows us to chart the relationship between different types
of texts within a single discourse. It also gives us a vocabulary for
discussing different parts of more complex narratives which often
contain elements of varying narrativity. The paper then goes on to
discuss the concept of narrative structure, arguing that narrative
structure is not an inherent attribute of narrative texts but a
framework that the reader imposes on the text in order to make it
intelligible in terms of other narratives. The structure which the
reader abstracts from a given narrative will be heavily dependent on
the context of the narrative with in a wider discourse.
Cite as
Moshe Simon-Shoshan. Narrativity and Textuality in the Study of Stories. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 228-237, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{simonshoshan:OASIcs.CMN.2013.228,
author = {Simon-Shoshan, Moshe},
title = {{Narrativity and Textuality in the Study of Stories}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {228--237},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.228},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41365},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.228},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative theory, definition of narrative, narrative structure, anecdotes}
}
Document
Social Narrative Adaptation using Crowdsourcing
Abstract
In this paper we present SNACS, a novel method for creating Social
Narratives that can be Adapted using information from Crowdsourcing.
Previous methods for automatic narrative generation require that the
primary author explicitly detail nearly all parts of the story,
including details about the narrative. This is also the case for
narratives within computer games, educational tools and Embodied
Conversational Agents (ECA). While such narratives are well written,
they clearly require significant time and cost overheads. SNACS is a
hybrid narrative generation method that merges partially formed
preexisting narratives with new input from crowdsourcing techniques.
We compared the automatically generated narratives with those that
were created solely by people, and with those that were generated
semi-automatically by a state-of-the-art narrative planner. We
empirically found that SNACS was effective as people found narratives
generated by SNACS to be as realistic and consistent as those manually
created by the people or the narrative planner. Yet, the automatically
generated narratives were created with much lower time overheads and
were significantly more diversified, making them more suitable for
many applications.
Cite as
Sigal Sina, Avi Rosenfeld, and Sarit Kraus. Social Narrative Adaptation using Crowdsourcing. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 238-256, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{sina_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.238,
author = {Sina, Sigal and Rosenfeld, Avi and Kraus, Sarit},
title = {{Social Narrative Adaptation using Crowdsourcing}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {238--256},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.238},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41434},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.238},
annote = {Keywords: Natural language interfaces, Narratives and story generation, Human computer interaction}
}
Document
Towards a Computational Model of Dramatic Tension
Abstract
One of the approaches to generate narrative consists in modeling narrative in terms of a deep structure, as introduced by narrative theories in the middle of the 20th century.
This papers revisits this computational approach, and raises the central issue of dramatic tension: Would it be possible to build a computational model of dramatic tension, where tension could be managed according to the well known ascending/descending dramatic curve?
The paper describes a new computational model of narrative, based on a set of structural narrative elements (goals, tasks, obstacles, side-effects), a hierarchical and modular approach, a paradox-based model of dramatic tension and a solution for managing endings.
The papers illustrates this theoretical model with a full example.
Cite as
Nicolas Szilas and Urs Richle. Towards a Computational Model of Dramatic Tension. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 257-276, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{szilas_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.257,
author = {Szilas, Nicolas and Richle, Urs},
title = {{Towards a Computational Model of Dramatic Tension}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {257--276},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.257},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41647},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.257},
annote = {Keywords: computational model of narrative, dramatic tension, structural writing, structuralism, narrative theories}
}
Document
Writing Consistent Stories based on Structured Multi-Authored Narrative Spaces
Abstract
Multi-authoring is currently a common practice in the field of contemporary storytelling but producing consistent stories that share a common narrative space when multiple authors are involved is not a trivial task. Inconsistencies, which are not always well-received by readers are sometimes expensive to fix. In this work we attempt to improve the consistency of stories and narrative spaces by introducing a set of rules based on a formal model. Such a model takes into account the reader’s concept of consistency in storytelling, and acts as a framework for building tools to construct stories grounded in a common narrative space with a reinforced sense of consistency. We define a model (the Setting) and deploy it through a tool (CrossTale); both based on previous research, and discuss some user evaluation, with an in-depth analysis of the results and their implications.
Cite as
Alan Tapscott, Joaquim Colàs, Ayman Moghnieh, and Josep Blat. Writing Consistent Stories based on Structured Multi-Authored Narrative Spaces. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 277-292, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{tapscott_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.277,
author = {Tapscott, Alan and Col\`{a}s, Joaquim and Moghnieh, Ayman and Blat, Josep},
title = {{Writing Consistent Stories based on Structured Multi-Authored Narrative Spaces}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {277--292},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.277},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41585},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.277},
annote = {Keywords: storytelling, collaborative, consistency, narrative space}
}
Document
Having one's cake and eating it too: Coherence of children's emergent narratives
Abstract
In the emergent narrative approach to Interactive Storytelling,
narratives arise from the interactions between player- or
computer-controlled characters in a simulated story world. This
approach offers much freedom to the players, but this freedom may come
at the cost of narrative structure. In this paper we study stories
created by children using a storytelling system based on the emergent
narrative approach. We investigate how coherent these stories actually
are and which types of character actions contribute the most to story
coherence, defined in terms of the causal connectedness of story
elements. We find that although the children do produce goal-directed
story lines, overall the stories are only partially coherent. This can
be explained by the improvisational nature of the children’s
storytelling with our system, where the interactive experience of the
players is more important than the production of a coherent narrative.
We also observe that the communication between the children, external
to the system, plays an important role in establishing coherence of
the created stories.
Cite as
Mariët Theune, Thijs Alofs, Jeroen Linssen, and Ivo Swartjes. Having one's cake and eating it too: Coherence of children's emergent narratives. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 293-309, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{theune_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.293,
author = {Theune, Mari\"{e}t and Alofs, Thijs and Linssen, Jeroen and Swartjes, Ivo},
title = {{Having one's cake and eating it too: Coherence of children's emergent narratives}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {293--309},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.293},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41595},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.293},
annote = {Keywords: Interactive storytelling, coherence, emergent narrative, children}
}
Document
Emotional Expression in Oral History Narratives: Comparing Results of Automated Verbal and Nonverbal Analyses
Abstract
Audiovisual collections of narratives about war-traumas are rich in descriptions of personal and emotional experiences which can be expressed through verbal and nonverbal means. We complement a commonly used verbal analysis with a nonverbal one to study emotional developments in narratives. Using automatic text, vocal, and facial expression analysis we found that verbal emotional expressions do not correspond much to nonverbal ones. This observation may have important implications for the way narratives traditionally are being studied. We aim to understand how different modes of narrative expression relate to each other, and to enrich digital audiovisual interview collections with emotion-oriented tags.
Cite as
Khiet P. Truong, Gerben J. Westerhof, Sanne M.A. Lamers, Franciska de Jong, and Anneke Sools. Emotional Expression in Oral History Narratives: Comparing Results of Automated Verbal and Nonverbal Analyses. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 310-314, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{truong_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.310,
author = {Truong, Khiet P. and Westerhof, Gerben J. and Lamers, Sanne M.A. and de Jong, Franciska and Sools, Anneke},
title = {{Emotional Expression in Oral History Narratives: Comparing Results of Automated Verbal and Nonverbal Analyses}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {310--314},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.310},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41461},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.310},
annote = {Keywords: narrative psychology, automatic human behavior analysis, automatic content analysis, verbal emotional expression, nonverbal emotional expression}
}
Document
Representing and Evaluating Legal Narratives with Subscenarios in a Bayesian Network
Abstract
In legal cases, stories or scenarios can serve as the context for a
crime when reasoning with evidence. In order to develop a
scientifically founded technique for evidential reasoning, a method is
required for the representation and evaluation of various scenarios in
a case. In this paper the probabilistic technique of Bayesian networks
is proposed as a method for modeling narrative, and it is shown how
this can be used to capture a number of narrative properties.
Bayesian networks quantify how the variables in a case interact.
Recent research on Bayesian networks applied to legal cases includes
the development of a list of legal idioms: recurring substructures in
legal Bayesian networks. Scenarios are coherent presentations of a
collection of states and events, and qualitative in nature. A method
combining the quantitative, probabilistic approach with the narrative
approach would strengthen the tools to represent and evaluate
scenarios.
In a previous paper, the development of a design method for modeling
multiple scenarios in a Bayesian network was initiated. The design
method includes two narrative idioms: the scenario idiom and the
merged scenarios idiom. In this current paper, the method of Vlek, et
al. (2013) is extended with a subscenario idiom and it is shown how
the method can be used to represent characteristic features of
narrative.
Cite as
Charlotte S. Vlek, Henry Prakken, Silja Renooij, and Bart Verheij. Representing and Evaluating Legal Narratives with Subscenarios in a Bayesian Network. In 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 32, pp. 315-332, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)
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@InProceedings{vlek_et_al:OASIcs.CMN.2013.315,
author = {Vlek, Charlotte S. and Prakken, Henry and Renooij, Silja and Verheij, Bart},
title = {{Representing and Evaluating Legal Narratives with Subscenarios in a Bayesian Network}},
booktitle = {2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative},
pages = {315--332},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-939897-57-6},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2013},
volume = {32},
editor = {Finlayson, Mark A. and Fisseni, Bernhard and L\"{o}we, Benedikt and Meister, Jan Christoph},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.315},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-41373},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.315},
annote = {Keywords: Narrative, Scenarios, Bayesian networks, Legal evidence}
}