27 Search Results for "Narasimhan, Giri"


Document
General Multiplicative Spanners in Practice

Authors: Fritz Bökler, Markus Chimani, and Henning Jasper

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 371, 24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026)


Abstract
Given an undirected graph G with edge weights and lengths, a minimum α-spanner is a least-weight subgraph H ⊆ G that preserves distances w.r.t. the lengths between all node pairs up to a factor of α. Literature often takes the simplifying assumption of a single (coupled) edge function for weights and lengths. For such instances, several exact and non-exact algorithms are known and have been thoroughly evaluated in practice. However, many practical instances have decoupled form, as their weights and lengths are generally independent. Due to the increased complexity, only few (and even fewer practical) algorithms are able to guarantee low-weight solutions. This prompts practitioners to force their naturally decoupled instances into a coupled format, forsaking any quality guarantee. We implement several exact, approximative and heuristic algorithms for decoupled α-spanners, and use algorithm engineering to speed them up in practice. Our hypothesis-driven experiments evaluate their performance w.r.t. solution quality and speed. Generally, many practical instances can indeed be solved exactly within reasonable time, while LP-based approximation algorithms are not worthwhile. We find that standard greedy algorithms often yield acceptable results, but there are also practical instances for which they yield arbitrarily poor solutions. Here, augmented greedy variations offer a good compromise between solution quality and speed.

Cite as

Fritz Bökler, Markus Chimani, and Henning Jasper. General Multiplicative Spanners in Practice. In 24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 371, pp. 8:1-8:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{bokler_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2026.8,
  author =	{B\"{o}kler, Fritz and Chimani, Markus and Jasper, Henning},
  title =	{{General Multiplicative Spanners in Practice}},
  booktitle =	{24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-422-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{371},
  editor =	{Aum\"{u}ller, Martin and Finocchi, Irene},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2026.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-260120},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2026.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph spanners, ILP, experimental study, algorithm engineering}
}
Document
Serving Clients Fairly: On Facility Location and k-Median with Fair Outliers

Authors: Rajni Dabas, Samir Khuller, and Emilie Rivkin

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 368, 7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2026)


Abstract
Classical clustering problems such as Facility Location and k-Median aim to efficiently serve a set of clients from a subset of facilities - minimizing the total cost of facility openings and client assignments in Facility Location, and minimizing assignment (service) cost under a facility count constraint in k-Median. These problems are highly sensitive to outliers, and therefore researchers have studied variants that allow excluding a small number of clients as outliers to reduce cost. However, in many real-world settings, clients belong to different demographic or functional groups, and unconstrained outlier removal can disproportionately exclude certain groups, raising fairness concerns, especially when the facilities correspond to critically needed facilities for emergencies such as fire stations, hospitals and other emergency services. We study Facility Location with Fair Outliers, where each group is allowed a specified number of outliers, and the objective is to minimize total cost while respecting group-wise fairness constraints. We present a bicriteria approximation with a O(1/ε) approximation factor and (1+ 2ε) factor violation in outliers per group. For k-Median with Fair Outliers, we design a bicriteria approximation with a 4(1+ω/ε) approximation factor and (ω + ε) violation in outliers per group improving on prior work by avoiding dependence on k in outlier violations. We also prove that the problems are W[1]-hard parameterized by ω. We complement our algorithmic contributions with a detailed empirical analysis, demonstrating that fairness can be achieved with negligible increase in cost and that the integrality gap of the standard LP is small in practice.

Cite as

Rajni Dabas, Samir Khuller, and Emilie Rivkin. Serving Clients Fairly: On Facility Location and k-Median with Fair Outliers. In 7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 368, pp. 9:1-9:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{dabas_et_al:LIPIcs.FORC.2026.9,
  author =	{Dabas, Rajni and Khuller, Samir and Rivkin, Emilie},
  title =	{{Serving Clients Fairly: On Facility Location and k-Median with Fair Outliers}},
  booktitle =	{7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2026)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-419-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{368},
  editor =	{Lin, Huijia (Rachel)},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-259812},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation algorithms, fairness}
}
Document
Constructing Doppelgängers of Greedy Geometric Spanners in Practice

Authors: Anirban Ghosh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
Greedy geometric spanners are considered to be the gold standard for their near-optimal guarantees in terms of sparsity and total weight. However, their inefficient construction poses significant challenges for large-scale geometric networks, especially for low values of stretch factors (< 2). We present Θ-Greedy, a simple and practical parallel algorithm engineered for constructing doppelgängers of greedy geometric spanners that empirically resemble the greedy spanners in key structural and performance metrics, including average degree, degree, and lightness. Unlike approximate greedy spanners, doppelgängers of greedy spanners are almost indistinguishable from the actual greedy spanners in practice. In our experiments, Θ-Greedy consistently produced greedy spanner doppelgängers across a broad range of synthetic and real-world datasets, offering the first practical alternative to the computationally intensive greedy spanners. Θ-Greedy can construct a 1.1-spanner on a 128K-element uniformly distributed point set in well under 5 minutes. In contrast, Bucketing, the most practical greedy spanner algorithm, takes around 3 hours. For million-sized point sets, Θ-Greedy can run to completion in a few hours, making it much faster than Bucketing, which takes days to finish. In extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets, Θ-Greedy delivered speedups of up to 147x over Bucketing while preserving greedy-like sparsity and weight. For broader uses of the algorithm and reproducibility, we share our engineered C++ code.

Cite as

Anirban Ghosh. Constructing Doppelgängers of Greedy Geometric Spanners in Practice. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 53:1-53:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{ghosh:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.53,
  author =	{Ghosh, Anirban},
  title =	{{Constructing Doppelg\"{a}ngers of Greedy Geometric Spanners in Practice}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{53:1--53:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.53},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258599},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.53},
  annote =	{Keywords: geometric graph, geometric spanners, greedy spanners, algorithm engineering}
}
Document
Near-Optimal Dynamic Steiner Spanners for Constant-Curvature Spaces

Authors: Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak and Geert van Wordragen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
We consider Steiner spanners in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries. In the Euclidean setting, a recent line of work initiated by Le and Solomon [FOCS'19] and further improved by Chang et al. [SoCG'24] obtained Steiner (1+ε)-spanners of size O_d(ε^{(1-d)/2} log(1/ε) n), nearly matching the lower bound Ω_d(ε^{(1-d)/2} n) of Bhore and Tóth [SIDMA'22]. We obtain Steiner (1+ε)-spanners of size O_d(ε^{(1-d)/2} log(1/ε)n) not only in d-dimensional Euclidean space, but also in d-dimensional spherical and hyperbolic space. For any fixed dimension d, the obtained edge count is optimal up to an O(log(1/ε)) factor in each of these spaces. Unlike earlier constructions, our Steiner spanners are based on simple quadtrees, and they can be dynamically maintained, leading to efficient data structures for dynamic approximate nearest neighbours and bichromatic closest pair. In the hyperbolic setting, we also show that 2-spanners in the hyperbolic plane must have Ω(nlog n) edges, and we obtain a 2-spanner of size O_d(nlog n) in d-dimensional hyperbolic space, matching our lower bound for any constant d. Finally, we give a Steiner spanner with additive error ε in hyperbolic space with O_d(ε^{(1-d)/2} log(α(n)/ε)n) edges, where α(n) is the inverse Ackermann function. Our techniques generalize to closed orientable surfaces of constant curvature as well as to some other quotient spaces.

Cite as

Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak and Geert van Wordragen. Near-Optimal Dynamic Steiner Spanners for Constant-Curvature Spaces. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 65:1-65:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{kisfaludibak_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.65,
  author =	{Kisfaludi-Bak, S\'{a}ndor and van Wordragen, Geert},
  title =	{{Near-Optimal Dynamic Steiner Spanners for Constant-Curvature Spaces}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{65:1--65:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.65},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258728},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.65},
  annote =	{Keywords: hyperbolic geometry, Steiner spanner, dynamic approximate nearest neighbours}
}
Document
Optimal Bounds for Spanners and Tree Covers in Doubling Metrics

Authors: An La, Hung Le, Shay Solomon, Cuong Than, Vinayak, Shuang Yang, and Tianyi Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
It is known that any n-point set in the d-dimensional Euclidean space ℝ^d, for d = O(1), admits: 1) A (1+ε)-spanner with maximum degree Õ(ε^{-d+1}) and with lightness Õ(ε^{-d}), for any ε > 0. 2) A (1+ε)-tree cover with Õ(n ⋅ ε^{-d+1}) trees and maximum degree of O(1) in each tree. Moreover, all the parameters in these constructions are optimal: For any 2 ≤ d = O(1), there exists an n-point set in ℝ^d, for which any (1+ε)-spanner has Ω̃(n⋅ε^{-d+1}) edges and lightness Ω̃(ε^{-d}). The upper bounds for Euclidean spanners rely heavily on the spatial property of cone partitioning in ℝ^d, which does not seem to extend to the wider family of doubling metrics, i.e., metric spaces of constant doubling dimension. In doubling metrics, a simple spanner construction from two decades ago, the net-tree spanner, has Õ(n⋅ε^{-d}) edges, and it could be transformed into a spanner of maximum degree Õ(ε^{-d}) and lightness Õ(n⋅ε^{-(d+1)}) by pruning redundant edges. Moreover, a careful refinement of the net-tree spanner yields a (1+ε)-tree cover with Õ(ε^{-d}) trees. Despite a large body of work, the problem of obtaining tight bounds for spanners and tree covers in the wider family of doubling metrics has remained elusive. We resolve this problem by presenting: 1) A surprisingly simple and tight lower bound, which shows that the net-tree spanner and its pruned version are optimal with respect to all the involved parameters. 2) A new construction of (1+ε)-tree covers with Õ(n⋅ε^{-d}) trees, with maximum degree O(1) in each tree. This construction is optimal with respect to the number of trees and maximum degree.

Cite as

An La, Hung Le, Shay Solomon, Cuong Than, Vinayak, Shuang Yang, and Tianyi Zhang. Optimal Bounds for Spanners and Tree Covers in Doubling Metrics. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 68:1-68:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{la_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.68,
  author =	{La, An and Le, Hung and Solomon, Shay and Than, Cuong and Vinayak and Yang, Shuang and Zhang, Tianyi},
  title =	{{Optimal Bounds for Spanners and Tree Covers in Doubling Metrics}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{68:1--68:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.68},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258756},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.68},
  annote =	{Keywords: doubling metrics, doubling spanners, Euclidean spanners, tree cover}
}
Document
The Spanning Ratio of the Directed Θ₆-Graph Is 5

Authors: Prosenjit Bose, Jean-Lou De Carufel, John Stuart, and Darryl Hill

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
Given a finite set P ⊂ ℝ², the directed Theta-6 graph, denoted Θ₆(P), is a well-studied geometric graph due to its close relationship with the Delaunay triangulation. The Θ₆(P)-graph is defined as follows: the plane around each point u ∈ P is partitioned into 6 equiangular cones with apex u, and in each cone, u is joined to the point whose projection on the bisector of the cone is closest. Equivalently, the Θ₆(P)-graph contains an edge from u to v exactly when the interior of ∇_u^v is disjoint from P, where ∇_u^v is the unique equilateral triangle containing u on a corner, v on the opposite side, and whose sides are parallel to the cone boundaries. It was previously shown that the spanning ratio of the Θ₆(P)-graph is between 4 and 7 in the worst case (Akitaya, Biniaz, and Bose Comput. Geom., 105-106:101881, 2022). We close this gap by showing a tight spanning ratio of 5. This is the first tight bound proven for the spanning ratio of any Θ_k(P)-graph. Our lower bound models a long path by mapping it to a converging series. Our upper bound proof uses techniques novel to the area of spanners. We use linear programming to prove that among several candidate paths, there exists a path satisfying our bound.

Cite as

Prosenjit Bose, Jean-Lou De Carufel, John Stuart, and Darryl Hill. The Spanning Ratio of the Directed Θ₆-Graph Is 5. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 20:1-20:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{bose_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.20,
  author =	{Bose, Prosenjit and De Carufel, Jean-Lou and Stuart, John and Hill, Darryl},
  title =	{{The Spanning Ratio of the Directed \Theta₆-Graph Is 5}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258268},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Geometric Spanners, Theta Graphs, Directed Theta Graphs, Spanning Ratio, Computational Geometry}
}
Document
Euclidean Noncrossing Steiner Spanners of Nearly Optimal Sparsity

Authors: Sujoy Bhore, Sándor Kisfaludi‑Bak, Lazar Milenković, Csaba D. Tóth, Karol Węgrzycki, and Sampson Wong

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
A Euclidean noncrossing Steiner (1+ε)-spanner for a point set P ⊂ ℝ² is a planar straight-line graph that, for any two points a, b ∈ P, contains a path whose length is at most 1+ε times the Euclidean distance between a and b. We construct a Euclidean noncrossing Steiner (1+ε)-spanner with O(n/ε^{3/2}) edges for any set of n points in the plane. This result improves upon the previous best upper bound of O(n/ε⁴) obtained nearly three decades ago. We also establish an almost matching lower bound: There exist n points in the plane for which any Euclidean noncrossing Steiner (1+ε)-spanner has Ω_μ(n/ε^{3/2-μ}) edges for any μ > 0. Our lower bound uses recent generalizations of the Szemerédi-Trotter theorem to disk-tube incidences in geometric measure theory.

Cite as

Sujoy Bhore, Sándor Kisfaludi‑Bak, Lazar Milenković, Csaba D. Tóth, Karol Węgrzycki, and Sampson Wong. Euclidean Noncrossing Steiner Spanners of Nearly Optimal Sparsity. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 15:1-15:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{bhore_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.15,
  author =	{Bhore, Sujoy and Kisfaludi‑Bak, S\'{a}ndor and Milenkovi\'{c}, Lazar and T\'{o}th, Csaba D. and W\k{e}grzycki, Karol and Wong, Sampson},
  title =	{{Euclidean Noncrossing Steiner Spanners of Nearly Optimal Sparsity}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258210},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: geometric network design, spanners, crossing number, incidences}
}
Document
Dynamic Light Spanners in Doubling Metrics

Authors: Sujoy Bhore, Jonathan Conroy, and Arnold Filtser

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
A t-spanner of a point set X in a metric space (𝒳, δ) is a graph G with vertex set P such that, for any pair of points u,v ∈ X, the distance between u and v in G is at most t times δ(u,v). We study the problem of maintaining a spanner for a dynamic point set X - that is, when X undergoes a sequence of insertions and deletions - in a metric space of constant doubling dimension. For any constant ε > 0, we maintain a (1+ε)-spanner of P whose total weight remains within a constant factor of the weight of the minimum spanning tree of X. Each update (insertion or deletion) can be performed in poly(log Φ) time, where Φ denotes the aspect ratio of X. Prior to our work, no efficient dynamic algorithm for maintaining a light-weight spanner was known even for point sets in low-dimensional Euclidean space.

Cite as

Sujoy Bhore, Jonathan Conroy, and Arnold Filtser. Dynamic Light Spanners in Doubling Metrics. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 13:1-13:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{bhore_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.13,
  author =	{Bhore, Sujoy and Conroy, Jonathan and Filtser, Arnold},
  title =	{{Dynamic Light Spanners in Doubling Metrics}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258193},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dynamic data structures, spanners, light-weight, Euclidean metrics, doubling metrics}
}
Document
Clustering in Varying Metrics

Authors: Deeparnab Chakrabarty, Jonathan Conroy, and Ankita Sarkar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 360, 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)


Abstract
We introduce the aggregated clustering problem, where one is given T instances of a center-based clustering task over the same n points, but under different metrics. The goal is to open k centers to minimize an aggregate of the clustering costs - e.g., the average or maximum - where the cost is measured via k-center/median/means objectives. More generally, we minimize a norm Ψ over the T cost values. We show that for T ≥ 3, the problem is inapproximable to any finite factor in polynomial time. For T = 2, we give constant-factor approximations. We also show W[2]-hardness when parameterized by k, but obtain f(k,T)poly(n)-time 3-approximations when parameterized by both k and T. When the metrics have structure, we obtain efficient parameterized approximation schemes (EPAS). If all T metrics have bounded ε-scatter dimension, we achieve a (1+ε)-approximation in f(k,T,ε)poly(n) time. If the metrics are induced by edge weights on a common graph G of bounded treewidth tw, and Ψ is the sum function, we get an EPAS in f(T,ε,tw)poly(n,k) time. Conversely, unless (randomized) ETH is false, any finite factor approximation is impossible if parametrized by only T, even when the treewidth is tw = Ω(polylog n).

Cite as

Deeparnab Chakrabarty, Jonathan Conroy, and Ankita Sarkar. Clustering in Varying Metrics. In 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 360, pp. 19:1-19:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{chakrabarty_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.19,
  author =	{Chakrabarty, Deeparnab and Conroy, Jonathan and Sarkar, Ankita},
  title =	{{Clustering in Varying Metrics}},
  booktitle =	{45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-406-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{360},
  editor =	{Aiswarya, C. and Mehta, Ruta and Roy, Subhajit},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251007},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Clustering, approximation algorithms, LP rounding, parameterized and exact algorithms, dynamic programming, fixed parameter tractability, hardness of approximation}
}
Document
APPROX
Covering a Few Submodular Constraints and Applications

Authors: Tanvi Bajpai, Chandra Chekuri, and Pooja Kulkarni

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
We consider the problem of covering multiple submodular constraints. Given a finite ground set N, a cost function c: N → ℝ_+, r monotone submodular functions f_1,f_2,…,f_r over N and requirements b_1,b_2,…,b_r the goal is to find a minimum cost subset S ⊆ N such that f_i(S) ≥ b_i for 1 ≤ i ≤ r. When r = 1 this is the well-known Submodular Set Cover problem. Previous work [Chekuri et al., 2022] considered the setting when r is large and developed bi-criteria approximation algorithms, and approximation algorithms for the important special case when each f_i is a weighted coverage function. These are fairly general models and capture several concrete and interesting problems as special cases. The approximation ratios for these problem are at least Ω(log r) which is unavoidable when r is part of the input. In this paper, motivated by some recent applications, we consider the problem when r is a fixed constant and obtain two main results. When the f_i are weighted coverage functions from a deletion-closed set system we obtain a (1+ε)(e/(e-1))(1+β)-approximation where β is the approximation ratio for the underlying set cover instances via the natural LP. Second, for covering multiple submodular constraints we obtain a randomized bi-criteria approximation algorithm that for any given integer α ≥ 1 outputs a set S such that f_i(S) ≥ (1-1/e^α-ε)b_i for each i ∈ [r] and 𝔼[c(S)] ≤ (1+ε)α ⋅ OPT. These results show that one can obtain nearly as good an approximation for any fixed r as what one would achieve for r = 1. We also demonstrate applications of our results to implicit covering problems such as fair facility location.

Cite as

Tanvi Bajpai, Chandra Chekuri, and Pooja Kulkarni. Covering a Few Submodular Constraints and Applications. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 25:1-25:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{bajpai_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.25,
  author =	{Bajpai, Tanvi and Chekuri, Chandra and Kulkarni, Pooja},
  title =	{{Covering a Few Submodular Constraints and Applications}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243917},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: covering, linear programming, rounding, fairness}
}
Document
APPROX
Approximation Schemes for Orienteering and Deadline TSP in Doubling Metrics

Authors: Kinter Ren and Mohammad R. Salavatipour

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
In this paper we look at various extensions of the classic Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) on graphs with bounded doubling dimension and bounded treewidth and present approximation schemes for them. Suppose we are given a weighted graph G = (V,E) with a start node s ∈ V, distances on the edges d:E → ℚ^+ and integer k. In k-stroll problem the goal is to find a path from s of minimum length that visits at least k vertices. In k-path we are given an additional end node t ∈ V and the path is supposed to go from s to t. The dual problem to k-stroll is the rooted orienteering in which instead of k we are given a budget B and the goal is to find a walk of length at most B starting at s that visits as many vertices as possible. In the point-to-point orienteering (P2P orienteering) we are given start and end nodes s,t and the walk is supposed to start at s and end at t. In the deadline TSP (which generalizes P2P orienteering) we are given a deadline D(v) for each v ∈ V and the goal is to find a walk starting at s that visits as many vertices as possible before their deadline (where the visit time of a node is the distance travelled from s to that node). The best approximation for rooted orienteering (or P2P orienteering) is (2+ε)-approximation [Chekuri et al., 2012] and O(log n)-approximation for deadline TSP [Nikhil Bansal et al., 2004]. For Euclidean metrics of fixed dimension, Chen and Har-Peled present [Chen and Har-Peled, 2008] a PTAS for rooted orienteering. There is no known approximation scheme for deadline TSP for any metric (not even trees). Our main result is the first approximation scheme for deadline TSP on metrics with bounded doubling dimension (which includes Euclidean metrics). To do so we first we present a quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme for k-path and P2P orienteering on such metrics. More specifically, if G is a metric with doubling dimension κ and aspect ratio Δ, we present a (1+ε)-approximation that runs in time n^{O((logΔ/ε) ^{2κ+1})}. Building upon these, we obtain an approximation scheme for deadline TSP when the distances and deadlines are integer which runs in time n^{O((log Δ/ε) ^{2κ+2})}. The same approach also implies a bicriteria (1+ε,1+ε)-approximation for deadline TSP for when distances and deadlines are in ℚ^+. For graphs with bounded treewidth ω we show how to solve k-path and P2P orienteering exactly in polynomial time and a (1+ε)-approximation for deadline TSP in time n^O((ωlogΔ/ε)²).

Cite as

Kinter Ren and Mohammad R. Salavatipour. Approximation Schemes for Orienteering and Deadline TSP in Doubling Metrics. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 1:1-1:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{ren_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.1,
  author =	{Ren, Kinter and Salavatipour, Mohammad R.},
  title =	{{Approximation Schemes for Orienteering and Deadline TSP in Doubling Metrics}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243678},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Deadline Traveling Salesman Problem, Orienteering, Doubling Metrics, Approximation algorithm}
}
Document
APPROX
Streaming Algorithms for Network Design

Authors: Chandra Chekuri, Rhea Jain, Sepideh Mahabadi, and Ali Vakilian

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
We consider the Survivable Network Design problem (SNDP) in the single-pass insertion-only streaming model. The input to SNDP is an edge-weighted graph G = (V, E) and an integer connectivity requirement r(uv) for each u, v ∈ V. The objective is to find a minimum-weight subgraph H ⊆ G such that, for every pair of vertices u, v ∈ V, u and v are r(uv)-edge/vertex-connected. Recent work by [Ce Jin et al., 2024] obtained approximation algorithms for edge-connectivity augmentation, and via that, also derived algorithms for edge-connectivity SNDP (EC-SNDP). In this work we consider vertex-connectivity setting (VC-SNDP) and obtain several results for it as well as improved results for EC-SNDP. - We provide a general framework for solving connectivity problems including SNDP and others in streaming; this is based on a connection to fault-tolerant spanners. For VC-SNDP we provide an O(tk)-approximation in Õ(k^{1-1/t}n^{1 + 1/t}) space, where k is the maximum connectivity requirement, assuming an exact algorithm at the end of the stream. Using a refined LP-based analysis, we provide an O(β t)-approximation where β is the integrality gap of the natural cut-based LP relaxation. These are the first approximation algorithms in the streaming model for VC-SNDP. When applied to the EC-SNDP, our framework provides an O(t)-approximation in Õ(k^{1/2-1/(2t)}n^{1 + 1/t} + kn) space, improving the O(t log k)-approximation of [Ce Jin et al., 2024] using Õ(kn^{1+1/t}) space; this also extends to element-connectivity SNDP. - We consider vertex connectivity-augmentation in the link-arrival model. The input is a k-vertex-connected spanning subgraph G, and additional weighted links L arrive in the stream; the goal is to store the min-weight set of links such that G ∪ L is (k+1)-vertex-connected. We obtain constant-factor approximations in near-linear space for k = 1, 2. Our result for k = 2 is based on using the SPQR tree, a novel application for this well-known representation of 2-connected graphs.

Cite as

Chandra Chekuri, Rhea Jain, Sepideh Mahabadi, and Ali Vakilian. Streaming Algorithms for Network Design. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 4:1-4:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{chekuri_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.4,
  author =	{Chekuri, Chandra and Jain, Rhea and Mahabadi, Sepideh and Vakilian, Ali},
  title =	{{Streaming Algorithms for Network Design}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243709},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Streaming Algorithms, Survivable Network Design, Fault-Tolerant Spanners}
}
Document
Online Routing in Directed Yao₄^∞ Graphs

Authors: Prosenjit Bose, Jean-Lou De Carufel, and John Stuart

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 349, 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)


Abstract
The x⃑{Yao₄^∞} and x⃑{Yao₄} graphs are two families of directed geometric graphs whose vertices are points in the plane, and each vertex has up to four outgoing edges. Consider a horizontal and a vertical line through each vertex v, defining four quadrants around v. Then v has an outgoing edge to the closest vertex in each of its four quadrants. When the distance is measured using the Euclidean norm, the resulting graph is the x⃑{Yao₄} graph, whereas with the L_∞-norm, we obtain the x⃑{Yao^{∞}₄} graph, which is a sub-graph of the well-known L_∞-Delaunay graph. In this paper, we provide a local routing algorithm with routing ratio at most 85.22 for x⃑{Yao^{∞}₄} graphs. Prior to this work, no constant spanning or routing ratios for x⃑{Yao₄^∞} graphs were previously known. Now, x⃑{Yao₄^∞} graphs are the sparsest family of directed planar graphs supporting a competitive local routing strategy. Furthermore, we show that no local routing algorithm for x⃑{Yao₄^∞} graphs can have a routing ratio lower than 7+√2≈ 8.41. Moreover, we prove that the spanning ratio is at least 5+√2≈ 6.41 in the worst case. The techniques we develop in this paper also allow us to prove lower bounds of 7-√3+√{5-2√3}≈ 6.51 and 7+√2 for the spanning and routing ratios of x⃑{Yao₄}, respectively.

Cite as

Prosenjit Bose, Jean-Lou De Carufel, and John Stuart. Online Routing in Directed Yao₄^∞ Graphs. In 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 349, pp. 9:1-9:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{bose_et_al:LIPIcs.WADS.2025.9,
  author =	{Bose, Prosenjit and De Carufel, Jean-Lou and Stuart, John},
  title =	{{Online Routing in Directed Yao₄^∞ Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-398-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{349},
  editor =	{Morin, Pat and Oh, Eunjin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-242404},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Geometric Spanners, Yao Graphs, Local Routing Algorithms}
}
Document
Sweeping a Domain with Line-Of-Sight Between Covisible Agents

Authors: Kien C. Huynh, Joseph S. B. Mitchell, and Valentin Polishchuk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 349, 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)


Abstract
We consider sweeping a polygonal domain using variable-length segments whose endpoints can be considered to be mobile agents moving with bounded speeds; a point in the domain is swept when it belongs to one of the segments. The objective is to sweep the domain as quickly as possible. We show that the problem is NP-hard even in simple polygons and even for a single segment (two agents), and give constant-factor approximation algorithms, both for simple polygons and polygons with holes. Our approximations are obtained by introducing a new type of "window partition" of the polygon, which may find other applications. For domains with holes, our results are based on a non-trivial topological argument proving a surprising fact: a connected subset of the domain, whose points are swept but not directly touched by the agents, may contain at most one hole.

Cite as

Kien C. Huynh, Joseph S. B. Mitchell, and Valentin Polishchuk. Sweeping a Domain with Line-Of-Sight Between Covisible Agents. In 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 349, pp. 39:1-39:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{huynh_et_al:LIPIcs.WADS.2025.39,
  author =	{Huynh, Kien C. and Mitchell, Joseph S. B. and Polishchuk, Valentin},
  title =	{{Sweeping a Domain with Line-Of-Sight Between Covisible Agents}},
  booktitle =	{19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2025)},
  pages =	{39:1--39:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-398-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{349},
  editor =	{Morin, Pat and Oh, Eunjin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.39},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-242706},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.39},
  annote =	{Keywords: Polygon sweeping, collaborating agents, motion coordination, makespan optimization}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
Light Edge Fault Tolerant Graph Spanners

Authors: Greg Bodwin, Michael Dinitz, Ama Koranteng, and Lily Wang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 334, 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)


Abstract
There has recently been significant interest in fault tolerant spanners, which are spanners that still maintain their stretch guarantees after some nodes or edges fail. This work has culminated in an almost complete understanding of the three-way tradeoff between stretch, sparsity, and number of faults tolerated. However, despite some progress in metric settings, there have been no results to date on the tradeoff in general graphs between stretch, lightness, and number of faults tolerated. We initiate the study of light edge fault tolerant (EFT) graph spanners, obtaining the first such results. First, we observe that lightness can be unbounded if we use the traditional definition (normalizing by the MST). We then argue that a natural definition of fault-tolerant lightness is to instead normalize by a min-weight fault tolerant connectivity preserver; essentially, a fault-tolerant version of the MST. However, even with this, we show that it is still not generally possible to construct f-EFT spanners whose weight compares reasonably to the weight of a min-weight f-EFT connectivity preserver. In light of this lower bound, it is natural to then consider bicriteria notions of lightness, where we compare the weight of an f-EFT spanner to a min-weight (f' > f)-EFT connectivity preserver. The most interesting question is to determine the minimum value of f' that allows for reasonable lightness upper bounds. Our main result is a precise answer to this question: f' = 2f. In particular, we show that the lightness can be untenably large (roughly n/k for a k-spanner) if one normalizes by the min-weight (2f-1)-EFT connectivity preserver. But if one normalizes by the min-weight 2f-EFT connectivity preserver, then we show that the lightness is bounded by just O(f^{1/2}) times the non-fault tolerant lightness (roughly n^{1/k} for a (1+ε)(2k-1)-spanner).

Cite as

Greg Bodwin, Michael Dinitz, Ama Koranteng, and Lily Wang. Light Edge Fault Tolerant Graph Spanners. In 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 334, pp. 32:1-32:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{bodwin_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.32,
  author =	{Bodwin, Greg and Dinitz, Michael and Koranteng, Ama and Wang, Lily},
  title =	{{Light Edge Fault Tolerant Graph Spanners}},
  booktitle =	{52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-372-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{334},
  editor =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Grandoni, Fabrizio and Ouaknine, Jo\"{e}l and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-234093},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Fault Tolerant Spanners, Light Spanners}
}
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