26 Search Results for "Riazanov, Artur"

Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.151
Average-Case Hardness of Binary-Encoded Clique in Proof and Communication Complexity

Authors: Susanna F. de Rezende, David Engström, Yassine Ghannane, Duri Andrea Janett, and Artur Riazanov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 374, 53rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2026)

Abstract
We study the average-case hardness of establishing that a graph does not have a large clique in both proof and communication complexity. We show exponential lower bounds on the length of cutting planes and bounded-depth resolution over parities refutations of the binary encoding of clique formulas on randomly sampled dense graphs. Moreover, we show that the randomized communication complexity of finding a falsified clause in these formulas is polynomial.
Cite as

Susanna F. de Rezende, David Engström, Yassine Ghannane, Duri Andrea Janett, and Artur Riazanov. Average-Case Hardness of Binary-Encoded Clique in Proof and Communication Complexity. In 53rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 374, pp. 151:1-151:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{derezende_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.151,
  author =	{de Rezende, Susanna F. and Engstr\"{o}m, David and Ghannane, Yassine and Janett, Duri Andrea and Riazanov, Artur},
  title =	{{Average-Case Hardness of Binary-Encoded Clique in Proof and Communication Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{53rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2026)},
  pages =	{151:1--151:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-428-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{374},
  editor =	{Bhattacharya, Sayan and Nanongkai, Danupon and Benedikt, Michael and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.151},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-265407},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.151},
  annote =	{Keywords: proof complexity, communication complexity, cutting planes, bounded-depth resolution over parities, clique problem, average-case hardness, binary encoding}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.106
Spiky Rank and Its Applications to Rigidity and Circuits

Authors: Lianna Hambardzumyan, Konstantin Myasnikov, Artur Riazanov, Morgan Shirley, and Adi Shraibman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 374, 53rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2026)

Abstract
We introduce spiky rank, a new matrix parameter that enhances blocky rank by combining the combinatorial structure of the latter with linear-algebraic flexibility. A spiky matrix is block-structured with diagonal blocks that are arbitrary rank-one matrices, and the spiky rank of a matrix is the minimum number of such matrices required to express it as a sum. This measure extends blocky rank to real matrices and is more robust for problems with both combinatorial and algebraic character. Our conceptual contribution is as follows: we propose spiky rank as a well-behaved candidate matrix complexity measure and demonstrate its potential through applications. We show that large spiky rank implies high matrix rigidity, and that spiky rank lower bounds yield lower bounds for depth-2 ReLU circuits, the basic building blocks of neural networks. On the technical side, we establish tight bounds for random matrices and develop a framework for explicit lower bounds, applying it to Hamming distance matrices and spectral expanders. Finally, we relate spiky rank to other matrix parameters, including blocky rank, sparsity, and the γ₂-norm.
Cite as

Lianna Hambardzumyan, Konstantin Myasnikov, Artur Riazanov, Morgan Shirley, and Adi Shraibman. Spiky Rank and Its Applications to Rigidity and Circuits. In 53rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 374, pp. 106:1-106:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{hambardzumyan_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.106,
  author =	{Hambardzumyan, Lianna and Myasnikov, Konstantin and Riazanov, Artur and Shirley, Morgan and Shraibman, Adi},
  title =	{{Spiky Rank and Its Applications to Rigidity and Circuits}},
  booktitle =	{53rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2026)},
  pages =	{106:1--106:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-428-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{374},
  editor =	{Bhattacharya, Sayan and Nanongkai, Danupon and Benedikt, Michael and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.106},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-264954},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2026.106},
  annote =	{Keywords: blocky rank, matrix rigidity, ReLU circuits, spiky rank}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.23
Simple Circuit Extensions for XOR in PTIME

Authors: Marco Carmosino, Ngu Dang, and Tim Jackman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)

Abstract
The Minimum Circuit Size Problem for Partial Functions (MCSP^*) is hard assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) (Ilango, 2020). This breakthrough result leveraged a characterization of the optimal {∧, ∨, ¬} circuits for n-bit OR (OR_n) and a reduction from the partial f-Simple Extension Problem where f = OR_n. It remains open to extend that reduction to show ETH-hardness of total MCSP. However, Ilango observed that the total f-Simple Extension Problem is easy whenever f is computed by read-once formulas (like OR_n). Therefore, extending Ilango’s proof to total MCSP would require replacing OR_n with a more complex but similarly well-understood Boolean function. This work shows that the f-Simple Extension problem remains easy when f is the next natural candidate: XOR_n. We first develop a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm for the f-Simple Extension Problem that is efficient whenever the optimal circuits for f are (1) linear in size, (2) polynomially "few" and efficiently enumerable in the truth-table size (up to isomorphism and permutation of inputs), and (3) all have constant bounded fan-out. XOR_n satisfies all three of these conditions. When ¬ gates count towards circuit size, optimal XOR_n circuits are binary trees of n-1 subcircuits computing (¬)XOR₂ (Kombarov, 2011). We extend this characterization when ¬ gates do not contribute the circuit size. Thus, the XOR-Simple Extension Problem is in polynomial time under both measures of circuit complexity. We conclude by discussing conjectures about the complexity of the f-Simple Extension problem for each explicit function f with known and unrestricted circuit lower bounds over the DeMorgan basis. Examining the conditions under which our Simple Extension Solver is efficient, we argue that multiplexer functions (MUX) are the most promising candidate for ETH-hardness of a Simple Extension Problem, towards proving ETH-hardness of total MCSP.
Cite as

Marco Carmosino, Ngu Dang, and Tim Jackman. Simple Circuit Extensions for XOR in PTIME. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 23:1-23:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{carmosino_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.23,
  author =	{Carmosino, Marco and Dang, Ngu and Jackman, Tim},
  title =	{{Simple Circuit Extensions for XOR in PTIME}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-412-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{364},
  editor =	{Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255127},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Minimum Circuit Size Problem, Circuit Lower Bounds, Exponential Time Hypothesis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.28
Conditional Complexity Hardness: Monotone Circuit Size, Matrix Rigidity, and Tensor Rank

Authors: Nikolai Chukhin, Alexander S. Kulikov, Ivan Mihajlin, and Arina Smirnova

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)

Abstract
Proving complexity lower bounds remains a challenging task: currently, we only know how to prove conditional uniform (algorithm) lower bounds and nonuniform (circuit) lower bounds in restricted circuit models. About a decade ago, Williams (STOC 2010) showed how to derive nonuniform lower bounds from uniform upper bounds: roughly, by designing a fast algorithm for checking satisfiability of circuits, one gets a lower bound for this circuit class. Since then, a number of results of this kind have been proved. For example, Jahanjou et al. (ICALP 2015) and Carmosino et al. (ITCS 2016) proved that if NSETH fails, then E^{NP} has series-parallel circuit size ω(n). One can also derive nonuniform lower bounds from nondeterministic uniform lower bounds. Perhaps the most well-known example is the Karp-Lipton theorem (STOC 1980): if Σ₂ ≠ Π₂, then NP ⊄ P/poly. Some recent examples include the following. Nederlof (STOC 2020) proved a lower bound on the matrix multiplication tensor rank under an assumption that TSP cannot be solved faster than in 2ⁿ time. Belova et al. (SODA 2024) proved that there exists an explicit polynomial family of arithmetic circuit size Ω(n^{δ}), for any δ > 0, assuming that MAX-3-SAT cannot be solved faster than in 2ⁿ nondeterministic time. Williams (FOCS 2024) proved an exponential lower bound for ETHR ∘ ETHR circuits under the Orthogonal Vectors conjecture. Whereas all the lower bounds above are proved under strong assumptions that might eventually be refuted, the revealed connections are of great interest and may still give further insights: one may be able to weaken the used assumptions or to construct generators from other fine-grained reductions. In this paper, we continue developing this line of research and show how uniform nondeterministic lower bounds can be used to construct generators of various types of combinatorial objects that are notoriously hard to analyze: Boolean functions of high circuit size, matrices of high rigidity, and tensors of high rank. Specifically, we prove the following. - If, for some ε and k, k-SAT cannot be solved in input-oblivious co-nondeterministic time O(2^{(1/2+ε)n}), then there exists a monotone Boolean function family in coNP of monotone circuit size 2^{Ω(n / log n)}. Combining this with the result above, we get win-win circuit lower bounds: either E^{NP{}} requires series-parallel circuits of size ω(n) or coNP requires monotone circuits of size 2^{Ω(n / log n)}. - If, for all ε > 0, MAX-3-SAT cannot be solved in co-nondeterministic time O(2^{(1 - ε)n}), then there exist small families of matrices with rigidity exceeding the best known constructions as well as small families of three-dimensional tensors of rank n^{1+Δ}, for some Δ > 0.
Cite as

Nikolai Chukhin, Alexander S. Kulikov, Ivan Mihajlin, and Arina Smirnova. Conditional Complexity Hardness: Monotone Circuit Size, Matrix Rigidity, and Tensor Rank. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 28:1-28:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{chukhin_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.28,
  author =	{Chukhin, Nikolai and Kulikov, Alexander S. and Mihajlin, Ivan and Smirnova, Arina},
  title =	{{Conditional Complexity Hardness: Monotone Circuit Size, Matrix Rigidity, and Tensor Rank}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-412-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{364},
  editor =	{Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255177},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: computational complexity, circuit complexity, lower bounds, conditional lower bounds, monotone circuits, matrix rigidity, tensor rank, arithmetic circuits, fine-grained complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.81
Supercritical Tradeoff Between Size and Depth for Resolution over Parities

Authors: Dmitry Itsykson and Alexander Knop

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)

Abstract
Alekseev and Itsykson (STOC 2025) proved the existence of an unsatisfiable CNF formula such that any resolution over parities (Res(⊕)) refutation must either have exponential size (in the formula size) or superlinear depth (in the number of variables). In this paper, we extend this result by constructing a formula with the same hardness properties, but which additionally admits a resolution refutation of quasi-polynomial size. This establishes a supercritical tradeoff between size and depth for resolution over parities. The proof builds on the framework of Alekseev and Itsykson and relies on a lifting argument applied to the supercritical tradeoff between width and depth in resolution, proposed by Buss and Thapen (IPL 2026).
Cite as

Dmitry Itsykson and Alexander Knop. Supercritical Tradeoff Between Size and Depth for Resolution over Parities. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 81:1-81:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{itsykson_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.81,
  author =	{Itsykson, Dmitry and Knop, Alexander},
  title =	{{Supercritical Tradeoff Between Size and Depth for Resolution over Parities}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{81:1--81:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.81},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253680},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.81},
  annote =	{Keywords: lifting theorems, resolution depth, resolution over parities, resolution width, supercritical tradeoff}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.73
Quantum Advantage from Sampling Shallow Circuits: Beyond Hardness of Marginals

Authors: Daniel Grier, Daniel M. Kane, Jackson Morris, Anthony Ostuni, and Kewen Wu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)

Abstract
We construct a family of distributions {𝒟_n}_n with 𝒟_n over {0, 1}ⁿ and a family of depth-7 quantum circuits {C_n}_n such that 𝒟_n is produced exactly by C_n with the all zeros state as input, yet any constant-depth classical circuit with bounded fan-in gates evaluated on any binary product distribution has total variation distance 1 - e^{-Ω(n)} from 𝒟_n. Moreover, the quantum circuits we construct are geometrically local and use a relatively standard gate set: Hadamard, controlled-phase, CNOT, and Toffoli gates. All previous separations of this type suffer from some undesirable constraint on the classical circuit model or the quantum circuits witnessing the separation. Our family of distributions is inspired by the Parity Halving Problem of Watts, Kothari, Schaeffer, and Tal (STOC, 2019), which built on the work of Bravyi, Gosset, and König (Science, 2018) to separate shallow quantum and classical circuits for relational problems.
Cite as

Daniel Grier, Daniel M. Kane, Jackson Morris, Anthony Ostuni, and Kewen Wu. Quantum Advantage from Sampling Shallow Circuits: Beyond Hardness of Marginals. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 73:1-73:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{grier_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.73,
  author =	{Grier, Daniel and Kane, Daniel M. and Morris, Jackson and Ostuni, Anthony and Wu, Kewen},
  title =	{{Quantum Advantage from Sampling Shallow Circuits: Beyond Hardness of Marginals}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{73:1--73:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.73},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253607},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.73},
  annote =	{Keywords: Shallow circuits, sampling, quantum circuits}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.112
Lower Bounds Beyond DNF of Parities

Authors: Artur Riazanov, Anastasia Sofronova, and Dmitry Sokolov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)

Abstract
We consider a subclass of AC⁰[2] circuits that simultaneously captures DNF∘Xor and depth-3 AC⁰ circuits. For this class we show a technique for proving lower bounds inspired by the top-down approach. We give lower bounds for the middle slice function, inner product function, and affine dispersers.
Cite as

Artur Riazanov, Anastasia Sofronova, and Dmitry Sokolov. Lower Bounds Beyond DNF of Parities. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 112:1-112:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{riazanov_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.112,
  author =	{Riazanov, Artur and Sofronova, Anastasia and Sokolov, Dmitry},
  title =	{{Lower Bounds Beyond DNF of Parities}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{112:1--112:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.112},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253996},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.112},
  annote =	{Keywords: boolean circuits, top-down, unpredictability}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.58
Equality Is Far Weaker Than Constant-Cost Communication

Authors: Mika Göös, Nathaniel Harms, and Artur Riazanov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)

Abstract
We exhibit an n-bit communication problem with a constant-cost randomized protocol but which requires n^Ω(1) deterministic (or even non-deterministic) queries to an Equality oracle. Therefore, even constant-cost randomized protocols cannot be efficiently "derandomized" using Equality oracles. This improves on several recent results and answers a question from the survey of Hatami and Hatami (SIGACT News 2024). It also gives a significantly simpler and quantitatively superior proof of the main result of Fang, Göös, Harms, and Hatami (STOC 2025), that constant-cost communication does not reduce to the k-Hamming Distance hierarchy.
Cite as

Mika Göös, Nathaniel Harms, and Artur Riazanov. Equality Is Far Weaker Than Constant-Cost Communication. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 58:1-58:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{goos_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.58,
  author =	{G\"{o}\"{o}s, Mika and Harms, Nathaniel and Riazanov, Artur},
  title =	{{Equality Is Far Weaker Than Constant-Cost Communication}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{58:1--58:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.58},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244246},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.58},
  annote =	{Keywords: Equality oracle, constant-cost communication, gamma-2 norm, spectral norm}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.64
Searching for Falsified Clause in Random (log{n})-CNFs Is Hard for Randomized Communication

Authors: Artur Riazanov, Anastasia Sofronova, Dmitry Sokolov, and Weiqiang Yuan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)

Abstract
We show that for a randomly sampled unsatisfiable O(log n)-CNF over n variables the randomized two-party communication cost of finding a clause falsified by the given variable assignment is linear in n.
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Artur Riazanov, Anastasia Sofronova, Dmitry Sokolov, and Weiqiang Yuan. Searching for Falsified Clause in Random (log{n})-CNFs Is Hard for Randomized Communication. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 64:1-64:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{riazanov_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.64,
  author =	{Riazanov, Artur and Sofronova, Anastasia and Sokolov, Dmitry and Yuan, Weiqiang},
  title =	{{Searching for Falsified Clause in Random (log\{n\})-CNFs Is Hard for Randomized Communication}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{64:1--64:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.64},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244306},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.64},
  annote =	{Keywords: communication complexity, proof complexity, random CNF}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.29
Generalised Linial-Nisan Conjecture Is False for DNFs

Authors: Yaroslav Alekseev, Mika Göös, Ziyi Guan, Gilbert Maystre, Artur Riazanov, Dmitry Sokolov, and Weiqiang Yuan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 339, 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)

Abstract
Aaronson (STOC 2010) conjectured that almost k-wise independence fools constant-depth circuits; he called this the generalised Linial-Nisan conjecture. Aaronson himself later found a counterexample for depth-3 circuits. We give here an improved counterexample for depth-2 circuits (DNFs). This shows, for instance, that Bazzi’s celebrated result (k-wise independence fools DNFs) cannot be generalised in a natural way. We also propose a way to circumvent our counterexample: We define a new notion of pseudorandomness called local couplings and show that it fools DNFs and even decision lists.
Cite as

Yaroslav Alekseev, Mika Göös, Ziyi Guan, Gilbert Maystre, Artur Riazanov, Dmitry Sokolov, and Weiqiang Yuan. Generalised Linial-Nisan Conjecture Is False for DNFs. In 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 339, pp. 29:1-29:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{alekseev_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2025.29,
  author =	{Alekseev, Yaroslav and G\"{o}\"{o}s, Mika and Guan, Ziyi and Maystre, Gilbert and Riazanov, Artur and Sokolov, Dmitry and Yuan, Weiqiang},
  title =	{{Generalised Linial-Nisan Conjecture Is False for DNFs}},
  booktitle =	{40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-379-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{339},
  editor =	{Srinivasan, Srikanth},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237231},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: pseudorandomness, DNFs, bounded independence}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.8
Amortized Closure and Its Applications in Lifting for Resolution over Parities

Authors: Klim Efremenko and Dmitry Itsykson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 339, 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)

Abstract
The notion of closure of a set of linear forms, first introduced by Efremenko, Garlik, and Itsykson [Klim Efremenko et al., 2024], has proven instrumental in proving lower bounds on the sizes of regular and bounded-depth Res(⊕) refutations [Klim Efremenko et al., 2024; Yaroslav Alekseev and Dmitry Itsykson, 2025]. In this work, we present amortized closure, an enhancement that retains the properties of original closure [Klim Efremenko et al., 2024] but offers tighter control on its growth. Specifically, adding a new linear form increases the amortized closure by at most one. We explore two applications that highlight the power of this new concept. Utilizing our newly defined amortized closure, we extend and provide a succinct and elegant proof of the recent lifting theorem by Chattopadhyay and Dvorak [Arkadev Chattopadhyay and Pavel Dvorak, 2025]. Namely we show that for an unsatisfiable CNF formula φ and a 1-stifling gadget g: {0,1}^𝓁 → {0,1}, if the lifted formula φ∘g has a tree-like Res(⊕) refutation of size 2^d and width w, then φ has a resolution refutation of depth d and width w. The original theorem by Chattopadhyay and Dvorak [Arkadev Chattopadhyay and Pavel Dvorak, 2025] applies only to the more restrictive class of strongly stifling gadgets. As a more significant application of amortized closure, we show improved lower bounds for bounded-depth Res(⊕), extending the depth beyond that of Alekseev and Itsykson [Yaroslav Alekseev and Dmitry Itsykson, 2025]. Our result establishes an exponential lower bound for depth-Ω(n log n) Res(⊕) refutations of lifted Tseitin formulas, a notable improvement over the existing depth-Ω(n log log n) Res(⊕) lower bound.
Cite as

Klim Efremenko and Dmitry Itsykson. Amortized Closure and Its Applications in Lifting for Resolution over Parities. In 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 339, pp. 8:1-8:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{efremenko_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2025.8,
  author =	{Efremenko, Klim and Itsykson, Dmitry},
  title =	{{Amortized Closure and Its Applications in Lifting for Resolution over Parities}},
  booktitle =	{40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-379-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{339},
  editor =	{Srinivasan, Srikanth},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237023},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: lifting, resolution over parities, closure of linear forms, lower bounds, width, depth, size vs depth tradeoff}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.14
On the Automatability of Tree-Like k-DNF Resolution

Authors: Gaia Carenini and Susanna F. de Rezende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 339, 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)

Abstract
A proof system 𝒫 is said to be automatable in time f(N) if there exists an algorithm that given as input an unsatisfiable formula F outputs a refutation of F in the proof system 𝒫 in time f(N), where N is the size of the smallest 𝒫-refutation of F plus the size of F. Atserias and Bonet (ECCC 2002), observed that tree-like k-DNF resolution is automatable in time N^{c⋅klog N} for a universal constant c. We show that, under the randomized exponential-time hypothesis (rETH), this is tight up to a O(log k)-factor in the exponent, i.e., we prove that tree-like k-DNF resolution, for k at most logarithmic in the number of variables of F, is not automatable in time N^o((k/log k)⋅log N) unless rETH is false. Our proof builds on the non-automatability results for resolution by Atserias and Müller (FOCS 2019), for algebraic proof systems by de Rezende, Göös, Nordström, Pitassi, Robere and Sokolov (STOC 2021), and for tree-like resolution by de Rezende (LAGOS 2021).
Cite as

Gaia Carenini and Susanna F. de Rezende. On the Automatability of Tree-Like k-DNF Resolution. In 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 339, pp. 14:1-14:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{carenini_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2025.14,
  author =	{Carenini, Gaia and de Rezende, Susanna F.},
  title =	{{On the Automatability of Tree-Like k-DNF Resolution}},
  booktitle =	{40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-379-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{339},
  editor =	{Srinivasan, Srikanth},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237081},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Proof Complexity, Tree-like k-DNF Resolution, Automatability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.16
Direct Sums for Parity Decision Trees

Authors: Tyler Besselman, Mika Göös, Siyao Guo, Gilbert Maystre, and Weiqiang Yuan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 339, 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)

Abstract
Direct sum theorems state that the cost of solving k instances of a problem is at least Ω(k) times the cost of solving a single instance. We prove the first such results in the randomised parity decision tree model. We show that a direct sum theorem holds whenever (1) the lower bound for parity decision trees is proved using the discrepancy method; or (2) the lower bound is proved relative to a product distribution.
Cite as

Tyler Besselman, Mika Göös, Siyao Guo, Gilbert Maystre, and Weiqiang Yuan. Direct Sums for Parity Decision Trees. In 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 339, pp. 16:1-16:38, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{besselman_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2025.16,
  author =	{Besselman, Tyler and G\"{o}\"{o}s, Mika and Guo, Siyao and Maystre, Gilbert and Yuan, Weiqiang},
  title =	{{Direct Sums for Parity Decision Trees}},
  booktitle =	{40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:38},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-379-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{339},
  editor =	{Srinivasan, Srikanth},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237105},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: direct sum, parity decision trees, query complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.36
Lifting with Colourful Sunflowers

Authors: Susanna F. de Rezende and Marc Vinyals

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 339, 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)

Abstract
We show that a generalization of the DAG-like query-to-communication lifting theorem, when proven using sunflowers over non-binary alphabets, yields lower bounds on the monotone circuit complexity and proof complexity of natural functions and formulas that are better than previously known results obtained using the approximation method. These include an n^Ω(k) lower bound for the clique function up to k ≤ n^{1/2-ε}, and an exp(Ω(n^{1/3-ε})) lower bound for a function in P.
Cite as

Susanna F. de Rezende and Marc Vinyals. Lifting with Colourful Sunflowers. In 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 339, pp. 36:1-36:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{derezende_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2025.36,
  author =	{de Rezende, Susanna F. and Vinyals, Marc},
  title =	{{Lifting with Colourful Sunflowers}},
  booktitle =	{40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-379-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{339},
  editor =	{Srinivasan, Srikanth},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237303},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: lifting, sunflower, clique, colouring, monotone circuit, cutting planes}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.21
Multiparty Communication Complexity of Collision-Finding and Cutting Planes Proofs of Concise Pigeonhole Principles

Authors: Paul Beame and Michael Whitmeyer

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 334, 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)

Abstract
We prove several results concerning the communication complexity of a collision-finding problem, each of which has applications to the complexity of cutting-plane proofs, which make inferences based on integer linear inequalities. In particular, we prove an Ω(n^{1-1/k} log k /2^k) lower bound on the k-party number-in-hand communication complexity of collision-finding. This implies a 2^{n^{1-o(1)}} lower bound on the size of tree-like cutting-planes refutations of the bit pigeonhole principle CNFs, which are compact and natural propositional encodings of the negation of the pigeonhole principle, improving on the best previous lower bound of 2^{Ω(√n)}. Using the method of density-restoring partitions, we also extend that previous lower bound to the full range of pigeonhole parameters. Finally, using a refinement of a bottleneck-counting framework of Haken and Cook and Sokolov for DAG-like communication protocols, we give a 2^{Ω(n^{1/4})} lower bound on the size of fully general (not necessarily tree-like) cutting planes refutations of the same bit pigeonhole principle formulas, improving on the best previous lower bound of 2^{Ω(n^{1/8})}.
Cite as

Paul Beame and Michael Whitmeyer. Multiparty Communication Complexity of Collision-Finding and Cutting Planes Proofs of Concise Pigeonhole Principles. In 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 334, pp. 21:1-21:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{beame_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.21,
  author =	{Beame, Paul and Whitmeyer, Michael},
  title =	{{Multiparty Communication Complexity of Collision-Finding and Cutting Planes Proofs of Concise Pigeonhole Principles}},
  booktitle =	{52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-372-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{334},
  editor =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Grandoni, Fabrizio and Ouaknine, Jo\"{e}l and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233982},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Proof Complexity, Communication Complexity}
}
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