17 Search Results for "Ahrens, Benedikt"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.62
Improved Rate for Non-Malleable Codes and Time-Lock Puzzles

Authors: Cody Freitag, Ilan Komargodski, Manu Kondapaneni, and Jad Silbak

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)

Abstract
Non-malleable codes allow a sender to transmit a message to a receiver, while providing a "best-possible" integrity guarantee to ensure that no attacker - who cannot already decode the message - can meaningfully tamper the message in transit. If tampered, the received message should either be invalid or unrelated to the original message. Non-malleable time-lock puzzles (TLPs) are a special case of non-malleable codes for bounded polynomial-depth tampering with very efficient encoding. In this work, we give generic techniques for constructing non-malleable codes and non-malleable TLPs with improved rate, which captures the ratio of a message’s length to its encoding length. A key contribution of our work is identifying a security notion for non-malleability, which we term "CCA-hiding", sufficient for our compilers. CCA-hiding is a relaxation of CCA-security for encryption or commitments to the fine-grained setting of codes, and requires that the encoded message remains hidden, even given a decoding oracle for any other codeword. Intriguingly, CCA-hiding does not imply non-malleability in the fine-grained setting, as is the case for encryption and commitments. Using our new techniques, we give the following constructions: - Rate-1 CCA-hiding TLPs in the plain model. - Rate-1 non-malleable codes for bounded polynomial-depth tampering in the auxiliary-input random oracle model (AI-ROM). - Rate-(1/2) non-malleable TLPs in the AI-ROM.
Cite as

Cody Freitag, Ilan Komargodski, Manu Kondapaneni, and Jad Silbak. Improved Rate for Non-Malleable Codes and Time-Lock Puzzles. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 62:1-62:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{freitag_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.62,
  author =	{Freitag, Cody and Komargodski, Ilan and Kondapaneni, Manu and Silbak, Jad},
  title =	{{Improved Rate for Non-Malleable Codes and Time-Lock Puzzles}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{62:1--62:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.62},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253490},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.62},
  annote =	{Keywords: Non-malleable codes, Time-lock puzzles}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33
Scott’s Representation Theorem and the Univalent Karoubi Envelope

Authors: Arnoud van der Leer, Kobe Wullaert, and Benedikt Ahrens

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)

Abstract
Lambek and Scott constructed a correspondence between simply-typed lambda calculi and Cartesian closed categories. Scott’s Representation Theorem is a cousin to this result for untyped lambda calculi. It states that every untyped lambda calculus arises from a reflexive object in some category. We present a formalization of Scott’s Representation Theorem in univalent foundations, in the (Rocq-)UniMath library. Specifically, we implement two proofs of that theorem, one by Scott and one by Hyland. We also explain the role of the Karoubi envelope - a categorical construction - in the proofs and the impact the chosen foundation has on this construction. Finally, we report on some automation we have implemented for the reduction of λ-terms.
Cite as

Arnoud van der Leer, Kobe Wullaert, and Benedikt Ahrens. Scott’s Representation Theorem and the Univalent Karoubi Envelope. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 33:1-33:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{vanderleer_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33,
  author =	{van der Leer, Arnoud and Wullaert, Kobe and Ahrens, Benedikt},
  title =	{{Scott’s Representation Theorem and the Univalent Karoubi Envelope}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246318},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lambda calculi, algebraic theories, categorical semantics, Karoubi envelope, formalization, Rocq-UniMath, univalent foundations}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20
Formalizing Colimits in 𝒞at

Authors: Mario Carneiro and Emily Riehl

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)

Abstract
Certain results involving "higher structures" are not currently accessible to computer formalization because the prerequisite ∞-category theory has not been formalized. To support future work on formalizing ∞-category theory in Lean’s mathematics library, we formalize some fundamental constructions involving the 1-category of categories. Specifically, we construct the left adjoint to the nerve embedding of categories into simplicial sets, defining the homotopy category functor. We prove further that this adjunction is reflective, which allows us to conclude that 𝒞at has colimits. To our knowledge this is the first formalized proof that the nerve functor is a fully faithful right adjoint and that the category of categories is cocomplete.
Cite as

Mario Carneiro and Emily Riehl. Formalizing Colimits in 𝒞at. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 20:1-20:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{carneiro_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20,
  author =	{Carneiro, Mario and Riehl, Emily},
  title =	{{Formalizing Colimits in 𝒞at}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246186},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: category theory, infinity-category theory, nerve, simplicial set, colimit}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33
Solving Guarded Domain Equations in Presheaves over Ordinals and Mechanizing It

Authors: Sergei Stepanenko and Amin Timany

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract
Constructing solutions to recursive domain equations is a well-known, important problem in the study of programs and programming languages. Mathematically speaking, the problem is finding a fixed point (up to isomorphism) of a suitable functor over a suitable category. A particularly useful instance, inspired by the step-indexing technique, is where the functor is over (a subcategory of) the category of presheaves over the ordinal ω and the functors are locally-contractive, also known as guarded functors. This corresponds to step-indexing over natural numbers. However, for certain problems, e.g., when dealing with infinite non-determinism, one needs to employ trans-finite step-indexing, i.e., consider presheaf categories over higher ordinals. Prior work on trans-finite step-indexing either only considers a very narrow class of functors over a particularly restricted subcategory of presheaves over higher ordinals, or treats the problem very generally working with sheaves over an arbitrary complete Heyting algebra with a well-founded basis. In this paper we present a solution to the guarded domain equations problem over all guarded functors over the category of presheaves over ordinal numbers, as well as its mechanization in the Rocq Prover. As the categories of sheaves and presheaves over ordinals are equivalent, our main contribution is simplifying prior work from the setting of the category of sheaves to the setting of the category of presheaves and mechanizing it - presheaves are more amenable to mechanization in a proof assistant.
Cite as

Sergei Stepanenko and Amin Timany. Solving Guarded Domain Equations in Presheaves over Ordinals and Mechanizing It. In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 33:1-33:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{stepanenko_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33,
  author =	{Stepanenko, Sergei and Timany, Amin},
  title =	{{Solving Guarded Domain Equations in Presheaves over Ordinals and Mechanizing It}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236486},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Domain Equations, Guarded Fixed Points, Fixed Points, Category Theory, Rocq, Presheaves, Ordinals}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.6
Data Types with Symmetries via Action Containers

Authors: Philipp Joram and Niccolò Veltri

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 336, 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)

Abstract
We study two kinds of containers for data types with symmetries in homotopy type theory, and clarify their relationship by introducing the intermediate notion of action containers. Quotient containers are set-valued containers with groups of permissible permutations of positions, interpreted as (possibly non-finitary) analytic functors on the category of sets. Symmetric containers encode symmetries in a groupoid of shapes, and are interpreted accordingly as polynomial functors on the 2-category of groupoids. Action containers are endowed with groups that act on their positions, with morphisms preserving the actions. We show that, as a category, action containers are equivalent to the free coproduct completion of a category of group actions. We derive that they model non-inductive single-variable strictly positive types in the sense of Abbott et al.: The category of action containers is closed under arbitrary (co)products and exponentiation with constants. We equip this category with the structure of a locally groupoidal 2-category, and prove that it locally embeds into the 2-category of symmetric containers. This follows from the embedding of a 2-category of groups into the 2-category of groupoids, extending the delooping construction.
Cite as

Philipp Joram and Niccolò Veltri. Data Types with Symmetries via Action Containers. In 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 336, pp. 6:1-6:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{joram_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.6,
  author =	{Joram, Philipp and Veltri, Niccol\`{o}},
  title =	{{Data Types with Symmetries via Action Containers}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-376-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{336},
  editor =	{M{\o}gelberg, Rasmus Ejlers and van den Berg, Benno},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233681},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Containers, Homotopy Type Theory, Agda, 2-categories}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.45
Insights from Univalent Foundations: A Case Study Using Double Categories

Authors: Nima Rasekh, Niels van der Weide, Benedikt Ahrens, and Paige Randall North

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 326, 33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025)

Abstract
Category theory unifies mathematical concepts, aiding comparisons across structures by incorporating not just objects, but also morphisms capturing interactions between objects. Of particular importance in some applications are double categories, which are categories with two classes of morphisms, axiomatizing two different kinds of interactions between objects. These have found applications in many areas of mathematics and theoretical computer science, for instance, the study of lenses, open systems, and rewriting. However, double categories come with a wide variety of equivalences, which makes it challenging to transport structure along equivalences. To deal with this challenge, we propose the univalence maxim: each notion of equivalence of categorical structures has a corresponding notion of univalent categorical structure which induces that notion of equivalence. We also prove corresponding univalence principles, which allow us to transport structure and properties along equivalences. In this way, the usually informal practice of reasoning modulo equivalence becomes grounded in an entirely formal logical principle. We apply this perspective to various double categorical structures, such as (pseudo) double categories and double bicategories. Concretely, we characterize and formalize their definitions in Coq UniMath up to chosen equivalences, which we achieve by establishing their univalence principles.
Cite as

Nima Rasekh, Niels van der Weide, Benedikt Ahrens, and Paige Randall North. Insights from Univalent Foundations: A Case Study Using Double Categories. In 33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 326, pp. 45:1-45:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{rasekh_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2025.45,
  author =	{Rasekh, Nima and van der Weide, Niels and Ahrens, Benedikt and North, Paige Randall},
  title =	{{Insights from Univalent Foundations: A Case Study Using Double Categories}},
  booktitle =	{33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025)},
  pages =	{45:1--45:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-362-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{326},
  editor =	{Endrullis, J\"{o}rg and Schmitz, Sylvain},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.45},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-228024},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.45},
  annote =	{Keywords: formalization of mathematics, category theory, double categories, univalent foundations}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.25
Substitution for Non-Wellfounded Syntax with Binders Through Monoidal Categories

Authors: Ralph Matthes, Kobe Wullaert, and Benedikt Ahrens

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
We describe a generic construction of non-wellfounded syntax involving variable binding and its monadic substitution operation. Our construction of the syntax and its substitution takes place in category theory, notably by using monoidal categories and strong functors between them. A language is specified by a multi-sorted binding signature, say Σ. First, we provide sufficient criteria for Σ to generate a language of possibly infinite terms, through ω-continuity. Second, we construct a monadic substitution operation for the language generated by Σ. A cornerstone in this construction is a mild generalization of the notion of heterogeneous substitution systems developed by Matthes and Uustalu; such a system encapsulates the necessary corecursion scheme for implementing substitution. The results are formalized in the Coq proof assistant, through the UniMath library of univalent mathematics.
Cite as

Ralph Matthes, Kobe Wullaert, and Benedikt Ahrens. Substitution for Non-Wellfounded Syntax with Binders Through Monoidal Categories. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 25:1-25:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{matthes_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.25,
  author =	{Matthes, Ralph and Wullaert, Kobe and Ahrens, Benedikt},
  title =	{{Substitution for Non-Wellfounded Syntax with Binders Through Monoidal Categories}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203540},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: Non-wellfounded syntax, Substitution, Monoidal categories, Actegories, Tensorial strength, Proof assistant Coq, UniMath library}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.15
Univalent Monoidal Categories

Authors: Kobe Wullaert, Ralph Matthes, and Benedikt Ahrens

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 269, 28th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2022)

Abstract
Univalent categories constitute a well-behaved and useful notion of category in univalent foundations. The notion of univalence has subsequently been generalized to bicategories and other structures in (higher) category theory. Here, we zoom in on monoidal categories and study them in a univalent setting. Specifically, we show that the bicategory of univalent monoidal categories is univalent. Furthermore, we construct a Rezk completion for monoidal categories: we show how any monoidal category is weakly equivalent to a univalent monoidal category, universally. We have fully formalized these results in UniMath, a library of univalent mathematics in the Coq proof assistant.
Cite as

Kobe Wullaert, Ralph Matthes, and Benedikt Ahrens. Univalent Monoidal Categories. In 28th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 269, pp. 15:1-15:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{wullaert_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.15,
  author =	{Wullaert, Kobe and Matthes, Ralph and Ahrens, Benedikt},
  title =	{{Univalent Monoidal Categories}},
  booktitle =	{28th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2022)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-285-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{269},
  editor =	{Kesner, Delia and P\'{e}drot, Pierre-Marie},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-184580},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2022.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Univalence, Monoidal categories, Rezk completion, Displayed (bi)categories, Proof assistant Coq, UniMath library}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.6
The Formal Theory of Monads, Univalently

Authors: Niels van der Weide

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 260, 8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023)

Abstract
We develop the formal theory of monads, as established by Street, in univalent foundations. This allows us to formally reason about various kinds of monads on the right level of abstraction. In particular, we define the bicategory of monads internal to a bicategory, and prove that it is univalent. We also define Eilenberg-Moore objects, and we show that both Eilenberg-Moore categories and Kleisli categories give rise to Eilenberg-Moore objects. Finally, we relate monads and adjunctions in arbitrary bicategories. Our work is formalized in Coq using the https://github.com/UniMath/UniMath library.
Cite as

Niels van der Weide. The Formal Theory of Monads, Univalently. In 8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 260, pp. 6:1-6:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{vanderweide:LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.6,
  author =	{van der Weide, Niels},
  title =	{{The Formal Theory of Monads, Univalently}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-277-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{260},
  editor =	{Gaboardi, Marco and van Raamsdonk, Femke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-179904},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: bicategory theory, univalent foundations, formalization, monads, Coq}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.5
Bicategories in Univalent Foundations

Authors: Benedikt Ahrens, Dan Frumin, Marco Maggesi, and Niels van der Weide

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 131, 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)

Abstract
We develop bicategory theory in univalent foundations. Guided by the notion of univalence for (1-)categories studied by Ahrens, Kapulkin, and Shulman, we define and study univalent bicategories. To construct examples of those, we develop the notion of "displayed bicategories", an analog of displayed 1-categories introduced by Ahrens and Lumsdaine. Displayed bicategories allow us to construct univalent bicategories in a modular fashion. To demonstrate the applicability of this notion, we prove several bicategories are univalent. Among these are the bicategory of univalent categories with families and the bicategory of pseudofunctors between univalent bicategories. Our work is formalized in the UniMath library of univalent mathematics.
Cite as

Benedikt Ahrens, Dan Frumin, Marco Maggesi, and Niels van der Weide. Bicategories in Univalent Foundations. In 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 131, pp. 5:1-5:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{ahrens_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.5,
  author =	{Ahrens, Benedikt and Frumin, Dan and Maggesi, Marco and van der Weide, Niels},
  title =	{{Bicategories in Univalent Foundations}},
  booktitle =	{4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-107-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{131},
  editor =	{Geuvers, Herman},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-105124},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: bicategory theory, univalent mathematics, dependent type theory, Coq}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.6
Modular Specification of Monads Through Higher-Order Presentations

Authors: Benedikt Ahrens, André Hirschowitz, Ambroise Lafont, and Marco Maggesi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 131, 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)

Abstract
In their work on second-order equational logic, Fiore and Hur have studied presentations of simply typed languages by generating binding constructions and equations among them. To each pair consisting of a binding signature and a set of equations, they associate a category of "models", and they give a monadicity result which implies that this category has an initial object, which is the language presented by the pair. In the present work, we propose, for the untyped setting, a variant of their approach where monads and modules over them are the central notions. More precisely, we study, for monads over sets, presentations by generating ("higher-order") operations and equations among them. We consider a notion of 2-signature which allows to specify a monad with a family of binding operations subject to a family of equations, as is the case for the paradigmatic example of the lambda calculus, specified by its two standard constructions (application and abstraction) subject to beta- and eta-equalities. Such a 2-signature is hence a pair (Sigma,E) of a binding signature Sigma and a family E of equations for Sigma. This notion of 2-signature has been introduced earlier by Ahrens in a slightly different context. We associate, to each 2-signature (Sigma,E), a category of "models of (Sigma,E)"; and we say that a 2-signature is "effective" if this category has an initial object; the monad underlying this (essentially unique) object is the "monad specified by the 2-signature". Not every 2-signature is effective; we identify a class of 2-signatures, which we call "algebraic", that are effective. Importantly, our 2-signatures together with their models enjoy "modularity": when we glue (algebraic) 2-signatures together, their initial models are glued accordingly. We provide a computer formalization for our main results.
Cite as

Benedikt Ahrens, André Hirschowitz, Ambroise Lafont, and Marco Maggesi. Modular Specification of Monads Through Higher-Order Presentations. In 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 131, pp. 6:1-6:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{ahrens_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.6,
  author =	{Ahrens, Benedikt and Hirschowitz, Andr\'{e} and Lafont, Ambroise and Maggesi, Marco},
  title =	{{Modular Specification of Monads Through Higher-Order Presentations}},
  booktitle =	{4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-107-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{131},
  editor =	{Geuvers, Herman},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-105136},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: free monads, presentation of monads, initial semantics, signatures, syntax, monadic substitution, computer-checked proofs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.4
High-Level Signatures and Initial Semantics

Authors: Benedikt Ahrens, André Hirschowitz, Ambroise Lafont, and Marco Maggesi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 119, 27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018)

Abstract
We present a device for specifying and reasoning about syntax for datatypes, programming languages, and logic calculi. More precisely, we consider a general notion of "signature" for specifying syntactic constructions. Our signatures subsume classical algebraic signatures (i.e., signatures for languages with variable binding, such as the pure lambda calculus) and extend to much more general examples. In the spirit of Initial Semantics, we define the "syntax generated by a signature" to be the initial object - if it exists - in a suitable category of models. Our notions of signature and syntax are suited for compositionality and provide, beyond the desired algebra of terms, a well-behaved substitution and the associated inductive/recursive principles. Our signatures are "general" in the sense that the existence of an associated syntax is not automatically guaranteed. In this work, we identify a large and simple class of signatures which do generate a syntax. This paper builds upon ideas from a previous attempt by Hirschowitz-Maggesi, which, in turn, was directly inspired by some earlier work of Ghani-Uustalu-Hamana and Matthes-Uustalu. The main results presented in the paper are computer-checked within the UniMath system.
Cite as

Benedikt Ahrens, André Hirschowitz, Ambroise Lafont, and Marco Maggesi. High-Level Signatures and Initial Semantics. In 27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 119, pp. 4:1-4:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{ahrens_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2018.4,
  author =	{Ahrens, Benedikt and Hirschowitz, Andr\'{e} and Lafont, Ambroise and Maggesi, Marco},
  title =	{{High-Level Signatures and Initial Semantics}},
  booktitle =	{27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-088-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{119},
  editor =	{Ghica, Dan R. and Jung, Achim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-96713},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: initial semantics, signatures, syntax, monadic substitution, computer-checked proofs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2015.2
Heterogeneous Substitution Systems Revisited

Authors: Benedikt Ahrens and Ralph Matthes

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 69, 21st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2015) (2018)

Abstract
Matthes and Uustalu (TCS 327(1--2):155--174, 2004) presented a categorical description of substitution systems capable of capturing syntax involving binding which is independent of whether the syntax is made up from least or greatest fixed points. We extend this work in two directions: we continue the analysis by creating more categorical structure, in particular by organizing substitution systems into a category and studying its properties, and we develop the proofs of the results of the cited paper and our new ones in UniMath, a recent library of univalent mathematics formalized in the Coq theorem prover.
Cite as

Benedikt Ahrens and Ralph Matthes. Heterogeneous Substitution Systems Revisited. In 21st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 69, pp. 2:1-2:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{ahrens_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2015.2,
  author =	{Ahrens, Benedikt and Matthes, Ralph},
  title =	{{Heterogeneous Substitution Systems Revisited}},
  booktitle =	{21st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2015)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-030-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{69},
  editor =	{Uustalu, Tarmo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2015.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-84724},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2015.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: formalization of category theory, nested datatypes, Mendler-style recursion schemes, representation of substitution in languages with variable binding}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2017.5
Displayed Categories

Authors: Benedikt Ahrens and Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 84, 2nd International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2017)

Abstract
We introduce and develop the notion of displayed categories. A displayed category over a category C is equivalent to "a category D and functor F : D -> C", but instead of having a single collection of "objects of D" with a map to the objects of C, the objects are given as a family indexed by objects of C, and similarly for the morphisms. This encapsulates a common way of building categories in practice, by starting with an existing category and adding extra data/properties to the objects and morphisms. The interest of this seemingly trivial reformulation is that various properties of functors are more naturally defined as properties of the corresponding displayed categories. Grothendieck fibrations, for example, when defined as certain functors, use equality on objects in their definition. When defined instead as certain displayed categories, no reference to equality on objects is required. Moreover, almost all examples of fibrations in nature are, in fact, categories whose standard construction can be seen as going via displayed categories. We therefore propose displayed categories as a basis for the development of fibrations in the type-theoretic setting, and similarly for various other notions whose classical definitions involve equality on objects. Besides giving a conceptual clarification of such issues, displayed categories also provide a powerful tool in computer formalisation, unifying and abstracting common constructions and proof techniques of category theory, and enabling modular reasoning about categories of multi-component structures. As such, most of the material of this article has been formalised in Coq over the UniMath library, with the aim of providing a practical library for use in further developments.
Cite as

Benedikt Ahrens and Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine. Displayed Categories. In 2nd International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 84, pp. 5:1-5:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{ahrens_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2017.5,
  author =	{Ahrens, Benedikt and Lumsdaine, Peter LeFanu},
  title =	{{Displayed Categories}},
  booktitle =	{2nd International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2017)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-047-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{84},
  editor =	{Miller, Dale},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2017.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-77220},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2017.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Category theory, Dependent type theory, Computer proof assistants, Coq, Univalent mathematics}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2017.8
Categorical Structures for Type Theory in Univalent Foundations

Authors: Benedikt Ahrens, Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine, and Vladimir Voevodsky

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 82, 26th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2017)

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze and compare three of the many algebraic structures that have been used for modeling dependent type theories: categories with families, split type-categories, and representable maps of presheaves. We study these in the setting of univalent foundations, where the relationships between them can be stated more transparently. Specifically, we construct maps between the different structures and show that these maps are equivalences under suitable assumptions. We then analyze how these structures transfer along (weak and strong) equivalences of categories, and, in particular, show how they descend from a category (not assumed univalent/saturated) to its Rezk completion. To this end, we introduce relative universes, generalizing the preceding notions, and study the transfer of such relative universes along suitable structure. We work throughout in (intensional) dependent type theory; some results, but not all, assume the univalence axiom. All the material of this paper has been formalized in Coq, over the UniMath library.
Cite as

Benedikt Ahrens, Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine, and Vladimir Voevodsky. Categorical Structures for Type Theory in Univalent Foundations. In 26th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 82, pp. 8:1-8:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{ahrens_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2017.8,
  author =	{Ahrens, Benedikt and Lumsdaine, Peter LeFanu and Voevodsky, Vladimir},
  title =	{{Categorical Structures for Type Theory in Univalent Foundations}},
  booktitle =	{26th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2017)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-045-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{82},
  editor =	{Goranko, Valentin and Dam, Mads},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2017.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-76960},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2017.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Categorical Semantics, Type Theory, Univalence Axiom}
}
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