14 Search Results for "McBride, Conor"


Document
The Groupoid-Syntax of Type Theory Is a Set

Authors: Thorsten Altenkirch, Ambrus Kaposi, and Szumi Xie

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 363, 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)


Abstract
Categories with families (CwFs) have been used to define the semantics of type theory in type theory. In the setting of Homotopy Type Theory (HoTT), one of the limitations of the traditional notion of CwFs is the requirement to set-truncate types, which excludes models based on univalent categories, such as the standard set model. To address this limitation, we introduce the concept of a Groupoid Category with Families (GCwF). This framework truncates types at the groupoid level and incorporates coherence equations, providing a natural extension of the CwF framework when starting from a 1-category. We demonstrate that the initial GCwF for a type theory with a base family of sets and Π-types (groupoid-syntax) is set-truncated. Consequently, this allows us to utilize the conventional intrinsic syntax of type theory while enabling interpretations in semantically richer and more natural models. All constructions in this paper were formalised in Cubical Agda.

Cite as

Thorsten Altenkirch, Ambrus Kaposi, and Szumi Xie. The Groupoid-Syntax of Type Theory Is a Set. In 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 363, pp. 40:1-40:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{altenkirch_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2026.40,
  author =	{Altenkirch, Thorsten and Kaposi, Ambrus and Xie, Szumi},
  title =	{{The Groupoid-Syntax of Type Theory Is a Set}},
  booktitle =	{34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)},
  pages =	{40:1--40:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-411-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{363},
  editor =	{Guerrini, Stefano and K\"{o}nig, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254650},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: Categorical models of type theory, category with families, groupoids, coherence, homotopy type theory}
}
Document
Verifying Datalog Reasoning with Lean

Authors: Johannes Tantow, Lukas Gerlach, Stephan Mennicke, and Markus Krötzsch

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)


Abstract
Datalog is an essential logical rule language with many applications, and modern rule engines compute logical consequences for Datalog with high performance and scalability. While Datalog is rather simple and, in principle, explainable by design, such sophisticated implementations and optimizations are hard to verify. We therefore propose a certificate-based approach to validate results of Datalog reasoners in a formally verified checker for Datalog proofs. Using the proof assistant Lean, we implement such a checker and verify its correctness against direct formalizations of the Datalog semantics. We propose two JSON encodings for Datalog proofs: one using the widely supported Datalog proof trees, and one using directed acyclic graphs for succinctness. To evaluate the practical feasibility and performance of our approach, we validate proofs that we obtain by converting derivation traces of an existing Datalog reasoner into our tool-independent format.

Cite as

Johannes Tantow, Lukas Gerlach, Stephan Mennicke, and Markus Krötzsch. Verifying Datalog Reasoning with Lean. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 36:1-36:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{tantow_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.36,
  author =	{Tantow, Johannes and Gerlach, Lukas and Mennicke, Stephan and Kr\"{o}tzsch, Markus},
  title =	{{Verifying Datalog Reasoning with Lean}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246342},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: Certifying Algorithms, Datalog, Formal Verification}
}
Document
Short Paper
LeanLTL: A Unifying Framework for Linear Temporal Logics in Lean (Short Paper)

Authors: Eric Vin, Kyle A. Miller, and Daniel J. Fremont

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)


Abstract
We propose LeanLTL, a unifying framework for linear temporal logics in Lean 4. LeanLTL supports reasoning about traces that represent either infinite or finite linear time. The library allows traditional LTL syntax to be combined with arbitrary Lean expressions, making it straightforward to define properties involving numerical or other types. We prove that standard flavors of LTL can be embedded in our framework. The library also provides automation for reasoning about LeanLTL formulas in a way that facilitates using Lean’s existing tactics. Finally, we provide examples illustrating the utility of the library in reasoning about systems that come from applications.

Cite as

Eric Vin, Kyle A. Miller, and Daniel J. Fremont. LeanLTL: A Unifying Framework for Linear Temporal Logics in Lean (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 37:1-37:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{vin_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.37,
  author =	{Vin, Eric and Miller, Kyle A. and Fremont, Daniel J.},
  title =	{{LeanLTL: A Unifying Framework for Linear Temporal Logics in Lean}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{37:1--37:9},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.37},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246356},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.37},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linear Temporal Logic, Interactive Theorem Proving, Lean 4}
}
Document
Animating MRBNFs: Truly Modular Binding-Aware Datatypes in Isabelle/HOL

Authors: Jan van Brügge, Andrei Popescu, and Dmitriy Traytel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)


Abstract
Nominal Isabelle provides powerful tools for meta-theoretic reasoning about syntax of logics or programming languages, in which variables are bound. It has been instrumental to major verification successes, such as Gödel’s incompleteness theorems. However, the existing tooling is not compositional. In particular, it does not support nested recursion, linear binding patterns, or infinitely branching syntax. These limitations are fundamental in the way nominal datatypes and functions on them are constructed within Nominal Isabelle. Taking advantage of recent theoretical advancements that overcome these limitations through a modular approach using the concept of map-restricted bounded natural functor (MRBNF), we develop and implement a new definitional package for binding-aware datatypes in Isabelle/HOL, called MrBNF. We describe the journey from the user specification to the end-product types, constants and theorems the tool generates. We validate MrBNF in two formalization case studies that so far were out of reach of nominal approaches: (1) Mazza’s isomorphism between the finitary and the infinitary affine λ-calculus, and (2) the POPLmark 2B challenge, which involves non-free binders for linear pattern matching.

Cite as

Jan van Brügge, Andrei Popescu, and Dmitriy Traytel. Animating MRBNFs: Truly Modular Binding-Aware Datatypes in Isabelle/HOL. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 11:1-11:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{vanbrugge_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.11,
  author =	{van Br\"{u}gge, Jan and Popescu, Andrei and Traytel, Dmitriy},
  title =	{{Animating MRBNFs: Truly Modular Binding-Aware Datatypes in Isabelle/HOL}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246091},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: syntax with bindings, datatypes, inductive predicates, Isabelle/HOL}
}
Document
A Sound and Complete Characterization of Fair Asynchronous Session Subtyping

Authors: Mario Bravetti, Luca Padovani, and Gianluigi Zavattaro

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 348, 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)


Abstract
Session types are abstractions of communication protocols enabling the static analysis of message-passing processes. Refinement notions for session types are key to support safe forms of process substitution while preserving their compatibility with the rest of the system. Recently, a fair refinement relation for asynchronous session types has been defined allowing the anticipation of message outputs with respect to an unbounded number of message inputs. This refinement is useful to capture common patterns in communication protocols that take advantage of asynchrony. However, while the semantic (à la testing) definition of such refinement is straightforward, its characterization has proved to be quite challenging. In fact, only a sound but not complete characterization is known so far. In this paper we close this open problem by presenting a sound and complete characterization of asynchronous fair refinement for session types. We relate this characterization to those given in the literature for synchronous session types by leveraging a novel labelled transition system of session types that embeds their asynchronous semantics.

Cite as

Mario Bravetti, Luca Padovani, and Gianluigi Zavattaro. A Sound and Complete Characterization of Fair Asynchronous Session Subtyping. In 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 348, pp. 11:1-11:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{bravetti_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.11,
  author =	{Bravetti, Mario and Padovani, Luca and Zavattaro, Gianluigi},
  title =	{{A Sound and Complete Characterization of Fair Asynchronous Session Subtyping}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-389-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{348},
  editor =	{Bouyer, Patricia and van de Pol, Jaco},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239615},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Binary sessions, session types, fair asynchronous subtyping}
}
Document
A Coinductive Representation of Computable Functions

Authors: Alvin Tang and Dirk Pattinson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 342, 11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025)


Abstract
We investigate a representation of computable functions as total functions over 2^∞, the set of finite and infinite sequences over {0,1}. In this model, infinite sequences are interpreted as non-terminating computations whilst finite sequences represent the sum of their digits. We introduce a new definition principle, function space corecursion, that simultaneously generalises minimisation and primitive recursion. This defines the class of computable corecursive functions that is closed under composition and function space corecursion. We prove computable corecursive functions represent all partial recursive functions, and show that all computable corecursive functions are indeed computable by translation into the untyped λ-calculus.

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Alvin Tang and Dirk Pattinson. A Coinductive Representation of Computable Functions. In 11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 342, pp. 7:1-7:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{tang_et_al:LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.7,
  author =	{Tang, Alvin and Pattinson, Dirk},
  title =	{{A Coinductive Representation of Computable Functions}},
  booktitle =	{11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-383-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{342},
  editor =	{C\^{i}rstea, Corina and Knapp, Alexander},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-235662},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Computability, Coinduction}
}
Document
What Does It Take to Certify a Conversion Checker?

Authors: Meven Lennon-Bertrand

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)


Abstract
We report on a detailed exploration of the properties of conversion (definitional equality) in dependent type theory, with the goal of certifying decision procedures for it. While in that context the property of normalisation has attracted the most light, we instead emphasize the importance of injectivity properties, showing that they alone are both crucial and sufficient to certify most desirable properties of conversion checkers. We also explore the certification of a fully untyped conversion checker, with respect to a typed specification, and show that the story is mostly unchanged, although the exact injectivity properties needed are subtly different.

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Meven Lennon-Bertrand. What Does It Take to Certify a Conversion Checker?. In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 27:1-27:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{lennonbertrand:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.27,
  author =	{Lennon-Bertrand, Meven},
  title =	{{What Does It Take to Certify a Conversion Checker?}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236428},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dependent types, Bidirectional typing, Certified software}
}
Document
Implementing a Type Theory with Observational Equality, Using Normalisation by Evaluation

Authors: Matthew Sirman, Meven Lennon-Bertrand, and Neel Krishnaswami

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 336, 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)


Abstract
We report on an experimental implementation in Haskell of a dependent type theory featuring an observational equality type, based on Pujet et al.’s CCobs. We use normalisation by evaluation to produce an efficient normalisation function, which is used to implement a bidirectional type checker. To allow for greater expressivity, we extend the core CCobs calculus with quotient types and inductive types. To make the system usable, we explore various proof-assistant features, notably a rudimentary version of a "hole" system similar to Agda’s. While rather crude, this experience should inform other, more substantial implementation efforts of observational equality.

Cite as

Matthew Sirman, Meven Lennon-Bertrand, and Neel Krishnaswami. Implementing a Type Theory with Observational Equality, Using Normalisation by Evaluation. In 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 336, pp. 5:1-5:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{sirman_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.5,
  author =	{Sirman, Matthew and Lennon-Bertrand, Meven and Krishnaswami, Neel},
  title =	{{Implementing a Type Theory with Observational Equality, Using Normalisation by Evaluation}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-376-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{336},
  editor =	{M{\o}gelberg, Rasmus Ejlers and van den Berg, Benno},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233673},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dependent type theory, Bidirectional typing, Observational equality, Normalisation by evaluation}
}
Document
Data Types with Symmetries via Action Containers

Authors: Philipp Joram and Niccolò Veltri

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 336, 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)


Abstract
We study two kinds of containers for data types with symmetries in homotopy type theory, and clarify their relationship by introducing the intermediate notion of action containers. Quotient containers are set-valued containers with groups of permissible permutations of positions, interpreted as (possibly non-finitary) analytic functors on the category of sets. Symmetric containers encode symmetries in a groupoid of shapes, and are interpreted accordingly as polynomial functors on the 2-category of groupoids. Action containers are endowed with groups that act on their positions, with morphisms preserving the actions. We show that, as a category, action containers are equivalent to the free coproduct completion of a category of group actions. We derive that they model non-inductive single-variable strictly positive types in the sense of Abbott et al.: The category of action containers is closed under arbitrary (co)products and exponentiation with constants. We equip this category with the structure of a locally groupoidal 2-category, and prove that it locally embeds into the 2-category of symmetric containers. This follows from the embedding of a 2-category of groups into the 2-category of groupoids, extending the delooping construction.

Cite as

Philipp Joram and Niccolò Veltri. Data Types with Symmetries via Action Containers. In 30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 336, pp. 6:1-6:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{joram_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.6,
  author =	{Joram, Philipp and Veltri, Niccol\`{o}},
  title =	{{Data Types with Symmetries via Action Containers}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-376-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{336},
  editor =	{M{\o}gelberg, Rasmus Ejlers and van den Berg, Benno},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233681},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Containers, Homotopy Type Theory, Agda, 2-categories}
}
Document
Fair Termination of Asynchronous Binary Sessions

Authors: Luca Padovani and Gianluigi Zavattaro

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 333, 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)


Abstract
We study a theory of asynchronous session types ensuring that well-typed processes terminate under a suitable fairness assumption. Fair termination entails starvation freedom and orphan message freedom namely that all messages, including those that are produced early taking advantage of asynchrony, are eventually consumed. The theory is based on a novel fair asynchronous subtyping relation for session types that is coarser than the existing ones. The type system is also the first of its kind that is firmly rooted in linear logic: fair asynchronous subtyping is incorporated as a natural generalization of the cut and axiom rules of linear logic and asynchronous communication is modeled through a suitable set of commuting conversions and of deep cut reductions in linear logic proofs.

Cite as

Luca Padovani and Gianluigi Zavattaro. Fair Termination of Asynchronous Binary Sessions. In 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 333, pp. 24:1-24:29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{padovani_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.24,
  author =	{Padovani, Luca and Zavattaro, Gianluigi},
  title =	{{Fair Termination of Asynchronous Binary Sessions}},
  booktitle =	{39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:29},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-373-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{333},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233169},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Binary sessions, fair asynchronous subtyping, fair termination, linear logic}
}
Document
Program Logics for Ledgers

Authors: Orestis Melkonian, Wouter Swierstra, and James Chapman

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 129, 6th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2025)


Abstract
Distributed ledgers nowadays manage substantial monetary funds in the form of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano. For such ledgers to be safe, operations that add new entries must be cryptographically sound - but it is less clear how to reason effectively about such ever-growing linear data structures. This paper demonstrates how distributed ledgers may be viewed as computer programs, that, when executed, transfer funds between various parties. As a result, familiar program logics, such as Hoare logic, are applied in a novel setting. Borrowing ideas from concurrent separation logic, this enables modular reasoning principles over arbitrary fragments of any ledger. All of our results have been mechanised in the Agda proof assistant.

Cite as

Orestis Melkonian, Wouter Swierstra, and James Chapman. Program Logics for Ledgers. In 6th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 129, pp. 10:1-10:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{melkonian_et_al:OASIcs.FMBC.2025.10,
  author =	{Melkonian, Orestis and Swierstra, Wouter and Chapman, James},
  title =	{{Program Logics for Ledgers}},
  booktitle =	{6th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2025)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:22},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-371-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{129},
  editor =	{Marmsoler, Diego and Xu, Meng},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2025.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-230370},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2025.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: blockchain, distributed ledgers, UTxO separation logic, program semantics, formal verification, Agda}
}
Document
A Mixed Linear and Graded Logic: Proofs, Terms, and Models

Authors: Victoria Vollmer, Danielle Marshall, Harley Eades III, and Dominic Orchard

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 326, 33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025)


Abstract
Graded modal logics generalise standard modal logics via families of modalities indexed by an algebraic structure whose operations mediate between the different modalities. The graded "of-course" modality !_r captures how many times a proposition is used and has an analogous interpretation to the of-course modality from linear logic; the of-course modality from linear logic can be modelled by a linear exponential comonad and graded of-course can be modelled by a graded linear exponential comonad. Benton showed in his seminal paper on Linear/Non-Linear logic that the of-course modality can be split into two modalities connecting intuitionistic logic with linear logic, forming a symmetric monoidal adjunction. Later, Fujii et al. demonstrated that every graded comonad can be decomposed into an adjunction and a "strict action". We give a similar result to Benton, leveraging Fujii et al.’s decomposition, showing that graded modalities can be split into two modalities connecting a graded logic with a graded linear logic. We propose a sequent calculus, its proof theory and categorical model, and a natural deduction system which we show is isomorphic to the sequent calculus system. Interestingly, our system can also be understood as Linear/Non-Linear logic composed with an action that adds the grading, further illuminating the shared principles between linear logic and a class of graded modal logics.

Cite as

Victoria Vollmer, Danielle Marshall, Harley Eades III, and Dominic Orchard. A Mixed Linear and Graded Logic: Proofs, Terms, and Models. In 33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 326, pp. 32:1-32:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{vollmer_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2025.32,
  author =	{Vollmer, Victoria and Marshall, Danielle and Eades III, Harley and Orchard, Dominic},
  title =	{{A Mixed Linear and Graded Logic: Proofs, Terms, and Models}},
  booktitle =	{33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-362-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{326},
  editor =	{Endrullis, J\"{o}rg and Schmitz, Sylvain},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-227892},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: linear logic, graded modal logic, adjoint decomposition}
}
Document
Cubical Syntax for Reflection-Free Extensional Equality

Authors: Jonathan Sterling, Carlo Angiuli, and Daniel Gratzer

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 131, 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)


Abstract
We contribute XTT, a cubical reconstruction of Observational Type Theory [Altenkirch et al., 2007] which extends Martin-Löf’s intensional type theory with a dependent equality type that enjoys function extensionality and a judgmental version of the unicity of identity proofs principle (UIP): any two elements of the same equality type are judgmentally equal. Moreover, we conjecture that the typing relation can be decided in a practical way. In this paper, we establish an algebraic canonicity theorem using a novel extension of the logical families or categorical gluing argument inspired by Coquand and Shulman [Coquand, 2018; Shulman, 2015]: every closed element of boolean type is derivably equal to either true or false.

Cite as

Jonathan Sterling, Carlo Angiuli, and Daniel Gratzer. Cubical Syntax for Reflection-Free Extensional Equality. In 4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 131, pp. 31:1-31:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{sterling_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.31,
  author =	{Sterling, Jonathan and Angiuli, Carlo and Gratzer, Daniel},
  title =	{{Cubical Syntax for Reflection-Free Extensional Equality}},
  booktitle =	{4th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2019)},
  pages =	{31:1--31:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-107-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{131},
  editor =	{Geuvers, Herman},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.31},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-105387},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2019.31},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dependent type theory, extensional equality, cubical type theory, categorical gluing, canonicity}
}
Document
Variations on Inductive-Recursive Definitions

Authors: Neil Ghani, Conor McBride, Fredrik Nordvall Forsberg, and Stephan Spahn

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 83, 42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017)


Abstract
Dybjer and Setzer introduced the definitional principle of inductive-recursively defined families - i.e. of families (U : Set, T : U -> D) such that the inductive definition of U may depend on the recursively defined T --- by defining a type DS D E of codes. Each c : DS D E defines a functor [c] : Fam D -> Fam E, and (U, T) = \mu [c] : Fam D is exhibited as the initial algebra of [c]. This paper considers the composition of DS-definable functors: Given F : Fam C -> Fam D and G : Fam D -> Fam E, is G \circ F : Fam C -> Fam E DS-definable, if F and G are? We show that this is the case if and only if powers of families are DS-definable, which seems unlikely. To construct composition, we present two new systems UF and PN of codes for inductive-recursive definitions, with UF a subsytem of DS a subsystem of PN. Both UF and PN are closed under composition. Since PN defines a potentially larger class of functors, we show that there is a model where initial algebras of PN-functors exist by adapting Dybjer-Setzer's proof for DS.

Cite as

Neil Ghani, Conor McBride, Fredrik Nordvall Forsberg, and Stephan Spahn. Variations on Inductive-Recursive Definitions. In 42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 83, pp. 63:1-63:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)


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@InProceedings{ghani_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.63,
  author =	{Ghani, Neil and McBride, Conor and Nordvall Forsberg, Fredrik and Spahn, Stephan},
  title =	{{Variations on Inductive-Recursive Definitions}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2017)},
  pages =	{63:1--63:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-046-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{83},
  editor =	{Larsen, Kim G. and Bodlaender, Hans L. and Raskin, Jean-Francois},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.63},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-81184},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2017.63},
  annote =	{Keywords: Type Theory, induction-recursion, initial-algebra semantics}
}
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