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Documents authored by Hatami, Pooya

Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.41
Hilbert Functions and Low-Degree Randomness Extractors

Authors: Alexander Golovnev, Zeyu Guo, Pooya Hatami, Satyajeet Nagargoje, and Chao Yan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 317, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)

Abstract
For S ⊆ 𝔽ⁿ, consider the linear space of restrictions of degree-d polynomials to S. The Hilbert function of S, denoted h_S(d,𝔽), is the dimension of this space. We obtain a tight lower bound on the smallest value of the Hilbert function of subsets S of arbitrary finite grids in 𝔽ⁿ with a fixed size |S|. We achieve this by proving that this value coincides with a combinatorial quantity, namely the smallest number of low Hamming weight points in a down-closed set of size |S|. Understanding the smallest values of Hilbert functions is closely related to the study of degree-d closure of sets, a notion introduced by Nie and Wang (Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 2015). We use bounds on the Hilbert function to obtain a tight bound on the size of degree-d closures of subsets of 𝔽_qⁿ, which answers a question posed by Doron, Ta-Shma, and Tell (Computational Complexity, 2022). We use the bounds on the Hilbert function and degree-d closure of sets to prove that a random low-degree polynomial is an extractor for samplable randomness sources. Most notably, we prove the existence of low-degree extractors and dispersers for sources generated by constant-degree polynomials and polynomial-size circuits. Until recently, even the existence of arbitrary deterministic extractors for such sources was not known.
Cite as

Alexander Golovnev, Zeyu Guo, Pooya Hatami, Satyajeet Nagargoje, and Chao Yan. Hilbert Functions and Low-Degree Randomness Extractors. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 317, pp. 41:1-41:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{golovnev_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.41,
  author =	{Golovnev, Alexander and Guo, Zeyu and Hatami, Pooya and Nagargoje, Satyajeet and Yan, Chao},
  title =	{{Hilbert Functions and Low-Degree Randomness Extractors}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2024)},
  pages =	{41:1--41:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-348-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{317},
  editor =	{Kumar, Amit and Ron-Zewi, Noga},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.41},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-210345},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2024.41},
  annote =	{Keywords: Extractors, Dispersers, Circuits, Hilbert Function, Randomness, Low Degree Polynomials}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.42
Online Learning and Disambiguations of Partial Concept Classes

Authors: Tsun-Ming Cheung, Hamed Hatami, Pooya Hatami, and Kaave Hosseini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
In a recent article, Alon, Hanneke, Holzman, and Moran (FOCS '21) introduced a unifying framework to study the learnability of classes of partial concepts. One of the central questions studied in their work is whether the learnability of a partial concept class is always inherited from the learnability of some "extension" of it to a total concept class. They showed this is not the case for PAC learning but left the problem open for the stronger notion of online learnability. We resolve this problem by constructing a class of partial concepts that is online learnable, but no extension of it to a class of total concepts is online learnable (or even PAC learnable).
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Tsun-Ming Cheung, Hamed Hatami, Pooya Hatami, and Kaave Hosseini. Online Learning and Disambiguations of Partial Concept Classes. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 42:1-42:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{cheung_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.42,
  author =	{Cheung, Tsun-Ming and Hatami, Hamed and Hatami, Pooya and Hosseini, Kaave},
  title =	{{Online Learning and Disambiguations of Partial Concept Classes}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{42:1--42:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.42},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180946},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.42},
  annote =	{Keywords: Online learning, Littlestone dimension, VC dimension, partial concept class, clique vs independent set, Alon-Saks-Seymour conjecture, Standard Optimal Algorithm, PAC learning}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.22
Lower Bound Methods for Sign-Rank and Their Limitations

Authors: Hamed Hatami, Pooya Hatami, William Pires, Ran Tao, and Rosie Zhao

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 245, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2022)

Abstract
The sign-rank of a matrix A with ±1 entries is the smallest rank of a real matrix with the same sign pattern as A. To the best of our knowledge, there are only three known methods for proving lower bounds on the sign-rank of explicit matrices: (i) Sign-rank is at least the VC-dimension; (ii) Forster’s method, which states that sign-rank is at least the inverse of the largest possible average margin among the representations of the matrix by points and half-spaces; (iii) Sign-rank is at least a logarithmic function of the density of the largest monochromatic rectangle. We prove several results regarding the limitations of these methods. - We prove that, qualitatively, the monochromatic rectangle density is the strongest of these three lower bounds. If it fails to provide a super-constant lower bound for the sign-rank of a matrix, then the other two methods will fail as well. - We show that there exist n × n matrices with sign-rank n^Ω(1) for which none of these methods can provide a super-constant lower bound. - We show that sign-rank is at most an exponential function of the deterministic communication complexity with access to an equality oracle. We combine this result with Green and Sanders' quantitative version of Cohen’s idempotent theorem to show that for a large class of sign matrices (e.g., xor-lifts), sign-rank is at most an exponential function of the γ₂ norm of the matrix. We conjecture that this holds for all sign matrices. - Towards answering a question of Linial, Mendelson, Schechtman, and Shraibman regarding the relation between sign-rank and discrepancy, we conjecture that sign-ranks of the ±1 adjacency matrices of hypercube graphs can be arbitrarily large. We prove that none of the three lower bound techniques can resolve this conjecture in the affirmative.
Cite as

Hamed Hatami, Pooya Hatami, William Pires, Ran Tao, and Rosie Zhao. Lower Bound Methods for Sign-Rank and Their Limitations. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 245, pp. 22:1-22:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{hatami_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.22,
  author =	{Hatami, Hamed and Hatami, Pooya and Pires, William and Tao, Ran and Zhao, Rosie},
  title =	{{Lower Bound Methods for Sign-Rank and Their Limitations}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2022)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-249-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{245},
  editor =	{Chakrabarti, Amit and Swamy, Chaitanya},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-171445},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Average Margin, Communication complexity, margin complexity, monochromatic rectangle, Sign-rank, Unbounded-error communication complexity, VC-dimension}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.29
On Multilinear Forms: Bias, Correlation, and Tensor Rank

Authors: Abhishek Bhrushundi, Prahladh Harsha, Pooya Hatami, Swastik Kopparty, and Mrinal Kumar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 176, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)

Abstract
In this work, we prove new relations between the bias of multilinear forms, the correlation between multilinear forms and lower degree polynomials, and the rank of tensors over F₂. We show the following results for multilinear forms and tensors. Correlation bounds. We show that a random d-linear form has exponentially low correlation with low-degree polynomials. More precisely, for d = 2^{o(k)}, we show that a random d-linear form f(X₁,X₂, … , X_d) : (F₂^{k}) ^d → F₂ has correlation 2^{-k(1-o(1))} with any polynomial of degree at most d/2 with high probability. This result is proved by giving near-optimal bounds on the bias of a random d-linear form, which is in turn proved by giving near-optimal bounds on the probability that a sum of t random d-dimensional rank-1 tensors is identically zero. Tensor rank vs Bias. We show that if a 3-dimensional tensor has small rank then its bias, when viewed as a 3-linear form, is large. More precisely, given any 3-dimensional tensor T: [k]³ → F₂ of rank at most t, the bias of the 3-linear form f_T(X₁, X₂, X₃) : = ∑_{(i₁, i₂, i₃) ∈ [k]³} T(i₁, i₂, i₃)⋅ X_{1,i₁}⋅ X_{2,i₂}⋅ X_{3,i₃} is at least (3/4)^t. This bias vs tensor-rank connection suggests a natural approach to proving nontrivial tensor-rank lower bounds. In particular, we use this approach to give a new proof that the finite field multiplication tensor has tensor rank at least 3.52 k, which is the best known rank lower bound for any explicit tensor in three dimensions over F₂. Moreover, this relation between bias and tensor rank holds for d-dimensional tensors for any fixed d.
Cite as

Abhishek Bhrushundi, Prahladh Harsha, Pooya Hatami, Swastik Kopparty, and Mrinal Kumar. On Multilinear Forms: Bias, Correlation, and Tensor Rank. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 176, pp. 29:1-29:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bhrushundi_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.29,
  author =	{Bhrushundi, Abhishek and Harsha, Prahladh and Hatami, Pooya and Kopparty, Swastik and Kumar, Mrinal},
  title =	{{On Multilinear Forms: Bias, Correlation, and Tensor Rank}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-164-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{176},
  editor =	{Byrka, Jaros{\l}aw and Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126325},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: polynomials, Boolean functions, tensor rank, bias, correlation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.6
Log-Seed Pseudorandom Generators via Iterated Restrictions

Authors: Dean Doron, Pooya Hatami, and William M. Hoza

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 169, 35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020)

Abstract
There are only a few known general approaches for constructing explicit pseudorandom generators (PRGs). The "iterated restrictions" approach, pioneered by Ajtai and Wigderson [Ajtai and Wigderson, 1989], has provided PRGs with seed length polylog n or even Õ(log n) for several restricted models of computation. Can this approach ever achieve the optimal seed length of O(log n)? In this work, we answer this question in the affirmative. Using the iterated restrictions approach, we construct an explicit PRG for read-once depth-2 AC⁰[⊕] formulas with seed length O(log n) + Õ(log(1/ε)). In particular, we achieve optimal seed length O(log n) with near-optimal error ε = exp(-Ω̃(log n)). Even for constant error, the best prior PRG for this model (which includes read-once CNFs and read-once 𝔽₂-polynomials) has seed length Θ(log n ⋅ (log log n)²) [Chin Ho Lee, 2019]. A key step in the analysis of our PRG is a tail bound for subset-wise symmetric polynomials, a generalization of elementary symmetric polynomials. Like elementary symmetric polynomials, subset-wise symmetric polynomials provide a way to organize the expansion of ∏_{i=1}^m (1 + y_i). Elementary symmetric polynomials simply organize the terms by degree, i.e., they keep track of the number of variables participating in each monomial. Subset-wise symmetric polynomials keep track of more data: for a fixed partition of [m], they keep track of the number of variables from each subset participating in each monomial. Our tail bound extends prior work by Gopalan and Yehudayoff [Gopalan and Yehudayoff, 2014] on elementary symmetric polynomials.
Cite as

Dean Doron, Pooya Hatami, and William M. Hoza. Log-Seed Pseudorandom Generators via Iterated Restrictions. In 35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 169, pp. 6:1-6:36, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{doron_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2020.6,
  author =	{Doron, Dean and Hatami, Pooya and Hoza, William M.},
  title =	{{Log-Seed Pseudorandom Generators via Iterated Restrictions}},
  booktitle =	{35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:36},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-156-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{169},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-125586},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pseudorandom generators, Pseudorandom restrictions, Read-once depth-2 formulas, Parity gates}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.16
Near-Optimal Pseudorandom Generators for Constant-Depth Read-Once Formulas

Authors: Dean Doron, Pooya Hatami, and William M. Hoza

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 137, 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)

Abstract
We give an explicit pseudorandom generator (PRG) for read-once AC^0, i.e., constant-depth read-once formulas over the basis {wedge, vee, neg} with unbounded fan-in. The seed length of our PRG is O~(log(n/epsilon)). Previously, PRGs with near-optimal seed length were known only for the depth-2 case [Gopalan et al., 2012]. For a constant depth d > 2, the best prior PRG is a recent construction by Forbes and Kelley with seed length O~(log^2 n + log n log(1/epsilon)) for the more general model of constant-width read-once branching programs with arbitrary variable order [Michael A. Forbes and Zander Kelley, 2018]. Looking beyond read-once AC^0, we also show that our PRG fools read-once AC^0[oplus] with seed length O~(t + log(n/epsilon)), where t is the number of parity gates in the formula. Our construction follows Ajtai and Wigderson’s approach of iterated pseudorandom restrictions [Ajtai and Wigderson, 1989]. We assume by recursion that we already have a PRG for depth-d AC^0 formulas. To fool depth-(d + 1) AC^0 formulas, we use the given PRG, combined with a small-bias distribution and almost k-wise independence, to sample a pseudorandom restriction. The analysis of Forbes and Kelley [Michael A. Forbes and Zander Kelley, 2018] shows that our restriction approximately preserves the expectation of the formula. The crux of our work is showing that after poly(log log n) independent applications of our pseudorandom restriction, the formula simplifies in the sense that every gate other than the output has only polylog n remaining children. Finally, as the last step, we use a recent PRG by Meka, Reingold, and Tal [Meka et al., 2019] to fool this simpler formula.
Cite as

Dean Doron, Pooya Hatami, and William M. Hoza. Near-Optimal Pseudorandom Generators for Constant-Depth Read-Once Formulas. In 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 137, pp. 16:1-16:34, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{doron_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2019.16,
  author =	{Doron, Dean and Hatami, Pooya and Hoza, William M.},
  title =	{{Near-Optimal Pseudorandom Generators for Constant-Depth Read-Once Formulas}},
  booktitle =	{34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:34},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-116-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{137},
  editor =	{Shpilka, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108382},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pseudorandom generators, Constant-depth formulas, Explicit constructions}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.58
Biasing Boolean Functions and Collective Coin-Flipping Protocols over Arbitrary Product Distributions

Authors: Yuval Filmus, Lianna Hambardzumyan, Hamed Hatami, Pooya Hatami, and David Zuckerman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
The seminal result of Kahn, Kalai and Linial shows that a coalition of O(n/(log n)) players can bias the outcome of any Boolean function {0,1}^n -> {0,1} with respect to the uniform measure. We extend their result to arbitrary product measures on {0,1}^n, by combining their argument with a completely different argument that handles very biased input bits. We view this result as a step towards proving a conjecture of Friedgut, which states that Boolean functions on the continuous cube [0,1]^n (or, equivalently, on {1,...,n}^n) can be biased using coalitions of o(n) players. This is the first step taken in this direction since Friedgut proposed the conjecture in 2004. Russell, Saks and Zuckerman extended the result of Kahn, Kalai and Linial to multi-round protocols, showing that when the number of rounds is o(log^* n), a coalition of o(n) players can bias the outcome with respect to the uniform measure. We extend this result as well to arbitrary product measures on {0,1}^n. The argument of Russell et al. relies on the fact that a coalition of o(n) players can boost the expectation of any Boolean function from epsilon to 1-epsilon with respect to the uniform measure. This fails for general product distributions, as the example of the AND function with respect to mu_{1-1/n} shows. Instead, we use a novel boosting argument alongside a generalization of our first result to arbitrary finite ranges.
Cite as

Yuval Filmus, Lianna Hambardzumyan, Hamed Hatami, Pooya Hatami, and David Zuckerman. Biasing Boolean Functions and Collective Coin-Flipping Protocols over Arbitrary Product Distributions. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 58:1-58:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{filmus_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.58,
  author =	{Filmus, Yuval and Hambardzumyan, Lianna and Hatami, Hamed and Hatami, Pooya and Zuckerman, David},
  title =	{{Biasing Boolean Functions and Collective Coin-Flipping Protocols over Arbitrary Product Distributions}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{58:1--58:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.58},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106340},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.58},
  annote =	{Keywords: Boolean function analysis, coin flipping}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.22
Pseudorandom Generators from the Second Fourier Level and Applications to AC0 with Parity Gates

Authors: Eshan Chattopadhyay, Pooya Hatami, Shachar Lovett, and Avishay Tal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 124, 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)

Abstract
A recent work of Chattopadhyay et al. (CCC 2018) introduced a new framework for the design of pseudorandom generators for Boolean functions. It works under the assumption that the Fourier tails of the Boolean functions are uniformly bounded for all levels by an exponential function. In this work, we design an alternative pseudorandom generator that only requires bounds on the second level of the Fourier tails. It is based on a derandomization of the work of Raz and Tal (ECCC 2018) who used the above framework to obtain an oracle separation between BQP and PH. As an application, we give a concrete conjecture for bounds on the second level of the Fourier tails for low degree polynomials over the finite field F_2. If true, it would imply an efficient pseudorandom generator for AC^0[oplus], a well-known open problem in complexity theory. As a stepping stone towards resolving this conjecture, we prove such bounds for the first level of the Fourier tails.
Cite as

Eshan Chattopadhyay, Pooya Hatami, Shachar Lovett, and Avishay Tal. Pseudorandom Generators from the Second Fourier Level and Applications to AC0 with Parity Gates. In 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 124, pp. 22:1-22:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{chattopadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.22,
  author =	{Chattopadhyay, Eshan and Hatami, Pooya and Lovett, Shachar and Tal, Avishay},
  title =	{{Pseudorandom Generators from the Second Fourier Level and Applications to AC0 with Parity Gates}},
  booktitle =	{10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-095-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{124},
  editor =	{Blum, Avrim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-101150},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Derandomization, Pseudorandom generator, Explicit construction, Random walk, Small-depth circuits with parity gates}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2018.1
Pseudorandom Generators from Polarizing Random Walks

Authors: Eshan Chattopadhyay, Pooya Hatami, Kaave Hosseini, and Shachar Lovett

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 102, 33rd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2018)

Abstract
We propose a new framework for constructing pseudorandom generators for n-variate Boolean functions. It is based on two new notions. First, we introduce fractional pseudorandom generators, which are pseudorandom distributions taking values in [-1,1]^n. Next, we use a fractional pseudorandom generator as steps of a random walk in [-1,1]^n that converges to {-1,1}^n. We prove that this random walk converges fast (in time logarithmic in n) due to polarization. As an application, we construct pseudorandom generators for Boolean functions with bounded Fourier tails. We use this to obtain a pseudorandom generator for functions with sensitivity s, whose seed length is polynomial in s. Other examples include functions computed by branching programs of various sorts or by bounded depth circuits.
Cite as

Eshan Chattopadhyay, Pooya Hatami, Kaave Hosseini, and Shachar Lovett. Pseudorandom Generators from Polarizing Random Walks. In 33rd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 102, pp. 1:1-1:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{chattopadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2018.1,
  author =	{Chattopadhyay, Eshan and Hatami, Pooya and Hosseini, Kaave and Lovett, Shachar},
  title =	{{Pseudorandom Generators from Polarizing Random Walks}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2018)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-069-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{102},
  editor =	{Servedio, Rocco A.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2018.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-88880},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2018.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: AC0, branching program, polarization, pseudorandom generators, random walks, Sensitivity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.29
Pseudorandom Generators for Low Sensitivity Functions

Authors: Pooya Hatami and Avishay Tal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 94, 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)

Abstract
A Boolean function is said to have maximal sensitivity s if s is the largest number of Hamming neighbors of a point which differ from it in function value. We initiate the study of pseudorandom generators fooling low-sensitivity functions as an intermediate step towards settling the sensitivity conjecture. We construct a pseudorandom generator with seed-length 2^{O(s^{1/2})} log(n) that fools Boolean functions on n variables with maximal sensitivity at most s. Prior to our work, the (implicitly) best pseudorandom generators for this class of functions required seed-length 2^{O(s)} log(n).
Cite as

Pooya Hatami and Avishay Tal. Pseudorandom Generators for Low Sensitivity Functions. In 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 94, pp. 29:1-29:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{hatami_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.29,
  author =	{Hatami, Pooya and Tal, Avishay},
  title =	{{Pseudorandom Generators for Low Sensitivity Functions}},
  booktitle =	{9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-060-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{94},
  editor =	{Karlin, Anna R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-83300},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pseudorandom Generators, Sensitivity, Sensitivity Conjecture}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28
Low-Sensitivity Functions from Unambiguous Certificates

Authors: Shalev Ben-David, Pooya Hatami, and Avishay Tal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 67, 8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017)

Abstract
We provide new query complexity separations against sensitivity for total Boolean functions: a power 3 separation between deterministic (and even randomized or quantum) query complexity and sensitivity, and a power 2.22 separation between certificate complexity and sensitivity. We get these separations by using a new connection between sensitivity and a seemingly unrelated measure called one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity. We also show that one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity is lower-bounded by fractional block sensitivity, which means we cannot use these techniques to get a super-quadratic separation between block sensitivity and sensitivity. Along the way, we give a power 1.22 separation between certificate complexity and one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity, improving the power 1.128 separation due to Goos [FOCS 2015]. As a consequence, we obtain an improved lower-bound on the co-nondeterministic communication complexity of the Clique vs. Independent Set problem.
Cite as

Shalev Ben-David, Pooya Hatami, and Avishay Tal. Low-Sensitivity Functions from Unambiguous Certificates. In 8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 67, pp. 28:1-28:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bendavid_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28,
  author =	{Ben-David, Shalev and Hatami, Pooya and Tal, Avishay},
  title =	{{Low-Sensitivity Functions from Unambiguous Certificates}},
  booktitle =	{8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-029-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{67},
  editor =	{Papadimitriou, Christos H.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-81869},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Boolean functions, decision tree complexity, query complexity, sensitivity conjecture}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2016.33
On the Structure of Quintic Polynomials

Authors: Pooya Hatami

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 60, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2016)

Abstract
We study the structure of bounded degree polynomials over finite fields. Haramaty and Shpilka [STOC 2010] showed that biased degree three or four polynomials admit a strong structural property. We confirm that this is the case for degree five polynomials also. Let F=F_q be a prime field. Suppose f:F^n to F is a degree five polynomial with bias(f)=delta. We prove the following two structural properties for such f. 1. We have f= sum_{i=1}^{c} G_i H_i + Q, where G_i and H_is are nonconstant polynomials satisfying deg(G_i)+deg(H_i)<= 5 and Q is a degree <5 polynomial. Moreover, c does not depend on n. 2. There exists an Omega_{delta,q}(n) dimensional affine subspace V subseteq F^n such that f|_V is a constant. Cohen and Tal [Random 2015] proved that biased polynomials of degree at most four are constant on a subspace of dimension Omega(n). Item 2.]extends this to degree five polynomials. A corollary to Item 2. is that any degree five affine disperser for dimension k is also an affine extractor for dimension O(k). We note that Item 2. cannot hold for degrees six or higher. We obtain our results for degree five polynomials as a special case of structure theorems that we prove for biased degree d polynomials when d<|\F|+4. While the d<|F|+4 assumption seems very restrictive, we note that prior to our work such structure theorems were only known for d<|\F| by Green and Tao [Contrib. Discrete Math. 2009] and Bhowmick and Lovett [arXiv:1506.02047]. Using algorithmic regularity lemmas for polynomials developed by Bhattacharyya, et al. [SODA 2015], we show that whenever such a strong structure exists, it can be found algorithmically in time polynomial in n.
Cite as

Pooya Hatami. On the Structure of Quintic Polynomials. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 60, pp. 33:1-33:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{hatami:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2016.33,
  author =	{Hatami, Pooya},
  title =	{{On the Structure of Quintic Polynomials}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2016)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-018-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{60},
  editor =	{Jansen, Klaus and Mathieu, Claire and Rolim, Jos\'{e} D. P. and Umans, Chris},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2016.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-66569},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2016.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Higher-order Fourier analysis, Structure Theorem, Polynomials, Regularity lemmas}
}
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