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Documents authored by Otachi, Yota

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.38
Finding Induced Subgraphs from Graphs with Small Mim-Width

Authors: Yota Otachi, Akira Suzuki, and Yuma Tamura

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 294, 19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024)

Abstract
In the last decade, algorithmic frameworks based on a structural graph parameter called mim-width have been developed to solve generally NP-hard problems. However, it is known that the frameworks cannot be applied to the Clique problem, and the complexity status of many problems of finding dense induced subgraphs remains open when parameterized by mim-width. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of the problem of finding a maximum induced subgraph that satisfies prescribed properties from a given graph with small mim-width. We first give a meta-theorem implying that various induced subgraph problems are NP-hard for bounded mim-width graphs. Moreover, we show that some problems, including Clique and Induced Cluster Subgraph, remain NP-hard even for graphs with (linear) mim-width at most 2. In contrast to the intractability, we provide an algorithm that, given a graph and its branch decomposition with mim-width at most 1, solves Induced Cluster Subgraph in polynomial time. We emphasize that our algorithmic technique is applicable to other problems such as Induced Polar Subgraph and Induced Split Subgraph. Since a branch decomposition with mim-width at most 1 can be constructed in polynomial time for block graphs, interval graphs, permutation graphs, cographs, distance-hereditary graphs, convex graphs, and their complement graphs, our positive results reveal the polynomial-time solvability of various problems for these graph classes.
Cite as

Yota Otachi, Akira Suzuki, and Yuma Tamura. Finding Induced Subgraphs from Graphs with Small Mim-Width. In 19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 294, pp. 38:1-38:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{otachi_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.38,
  author =	{Otachi, Yota and Suzuki, Akira and Tamura, Yuma},
  title =	{{Finding Induced Subgraphs from Graphs with Small Mim-Width}},
  booktitle =	{19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-318-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{294},
  editor =	{Bodlaender, Hans L.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-200788},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: mim-width, graph algorithm, NP-hardness, induced subgraph problem, cluster vertex deletion}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.20
Extended MSO Model Checking via Small Vertex Integrity

Authors: Tatsuya Gima and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 248, 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)

Abstract
We study the model checking problem of an extended MSO with local and global cardinality constraints, called MSO^GL_Lin, introduced recently by Knop, Koutecký, Masařík, and Toufar [Log. Methods Comput. Sci., 15(4), 2019]. We show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by vertex integrity, where vertex integrity is a graph parameter standing between vertex cover number and treedepth. Our result thus narrows the gap between the fixed-parameter tractability parameterized by vertex cover number and the W[1]-hardness parameterized by treedepth.
Cite as

Tatsuya Gima and Yota Otachi. Extended MSO Model Checking via Small Vertex Integrity. In 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 248, pp. 20:1-20:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{gima_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.20,
  author =	{Gima, Tatsuya and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Extended MSO Model Checking via Small Vertex Integrity}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-258-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{248},
  editor =	{Bae, Sang Won and Park, Heejin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173056},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: vertex integrity, monadic second-order logic, cardinality constraint, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.61
Algorithmic Meta-Theorems for Combinatorial Reconfiguration Revisited

Authors: Tatsuya Gima, Takehiro Ito, Yasuaki Kobayashi, and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 244, 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)

Abstract
Given a graph and two vertex sets satisfying a certain feasibility condition, a reconfiguration problem asks whether we can reach one vertex set from the other by repeating prescribed modification steps while maintaining feasibility. In this setting, Mouawad et al. [IPEC 2014] presented an algorithmic meta-theorem for reconfiguration problems that says if the feasibility can be expressed in monadic second-order logic (MSO), then the problem is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by treewidth + 𝓁, where 𝓁 is the number of steps allowed to reach the target set. On the other hand, it is shown by Wrochna [J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 2018] that if 𝓁 is not part of the parameter, then the problem is PSPACE-complete even on graphs of bounded bandwidth. In this paper, we present the first algorithmic meta-theorems for the case where 𝓁 is not part of the parameter, using some structural graph parameters incomparable with bandwidth. We show that if the feasibility is defined in MSO, then the reconfiguration problem under the so-called token jumping rule is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by neighborhood diversity. We also show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by treedepth + k, where k is the size of sets being transformed. We finally complement the positive result for treedepth by showing that the problem is PSPACE-complete on forests of depth 3.
Cite as

Tatsuya Gima, Takehiro Ito, Yasuaki Kobayashi, and Yota Otachi. Algorithmic Meta-Theorems for Combinatorial Reconfiguration Revisited. In 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 244, pp. 61:1-61:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{gima_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2022.61,
  author =	{Gima, Tatsuya and Ito, Takehiro and Kobayashi, Yasuaki and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Algorithmic Meta-Theorems for Combinatorial Reconfiguration Revisited}},
  booktitle =	{30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)},
  pages =	{61:1--61:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-247-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{244},
  editor =	{Chechik, Shiri and Navarro, Gonzalo and Rotenberg, Eva and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.61},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-169991},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.61},
  annote =	{Keywords: Combinatorial reconfiguration, monadic second-order logic, fixed-parameter tractability, treedepth, neighborhood diversity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.6
Parameterized Complexity of Non-Separating and Non-Disconnecting Paths and Sets

Authors: Ankit Abhinav, Susobhan Bandopadhyay, Aritra Banik, Yasuaki Kobayashi, Shunsuke Nagano, Yota Otachi, and Saket Saurabh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 241, 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)

Abstract
For a connected graph G = (V, E) and s, t ∈ V, a non-separating s-t path is a path P between s and t such that the set of vertices of P does not separate G, that is, G - V(P) is connected. An s-t path P is non-disconnecting if G - E(P) is connected. The problems of finding shortest non-separating and non-disconnecting paths are both known to be NP-hard. In this paper, we consider the problems from the viewpoint of parameterized complexity. We show that the problem of finding a non-separating s-t path of length at most k is W[1]-hard parameterized by k, while the non-disconnecting counterpart is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) parameterized by k. We also consider the shortest non-separating path problem on several classes of graphs and show that this problem is NP-hard even on bipartite graphs, split graphs, and planar graphs. As for positive results, the shortest non-separating path problem is FPT parameterized by k on planar graphs and on unit disk graphs (where no s, t is given). Further, we give a polynomial-time algorithm on chordal graphs if k is the distance of the shortest path between s and t.
Cite as

Ankit Abhinav, Susobhan Bandopadhyay, Aritra Banik, Yasuaki Kobayashi, Shunsuke Nagano, Yota Otachi, and Saket Saurabh. Parameterized Complexity of Non-Separating and Non-Disconnecting Paths and Sets. In 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 241, pp. 6:1-6:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{abhinav_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.6,
  author =	{Abhinav, Ankit and Bandopadhyay, Susobhan and Banik, Aritra and Kobayashi, Yasuaki and Nagano, Shunsuke and Otachi, Yota and Saurabh, Saket},
  title =	{{Parameterized Complexity of Non-Separating and Non-Disconnecting Paths and Sets}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-256-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{241},
  editor =	{Szeider, Stefan and Ganian, Robert and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-168041},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Non-separating path, Parameterized complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.58
Independent Set Reconfiguration on Directed Graphs

Authors: Takehiro Ito, Yuni Iwamasa, Yasuaki Kobayashi, Yu Nakahata, Yota Otachi, Masahiro Takahashi, and Kunihiro Wasa

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 241, 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)

Abstract
Directed Token Sliding asks, given a directed graph and two sets of pairwise nonadjacent vertices, whether one can reach from one set to the other by repeatedly applying a local operation that exchanges a vertex in the current set with one of its out-neighbors, while keeping the nonadjacency. It can be seen as a reconfiguration process where a token is placed on each vertex in the current set, and the local operation slides a token along an arc respecting its direction. Previously, such a problem was extensively studied on undirected graphs, where the edges have no directions and thus the local operation is symmetric. Directed Token Sliding is a generalization of its undirected variant since an undirected edge can be simulated by two arcs of opposite directions. In this paper, we initiate the algorithmic study of Directed Token Sliding. We first observe that the problem is PSPACE-complete even if we forbid parallel arcs in opposite directions and that the problem on directed acyclic graphs is NP-complete and W[1]-hard parameterized by the size of the sets in consideration. We then show our main result: a linear-time algorithm for the problem on directed graphs whose underlying undirected graphs are trees, which are called polytrees. Such a result is also known for the undirected variant of the problem on trees [Demaine et al. TCS 2015], but the techniques used here are quite different because of the asymmetric nature of the directed problem. We present a characterization of yes-instances based on the existence of a certain set of directed paths, and then derive simple equivalent conditions from it by some observations, which yield an efficient algorithm. For the polytree case, we also present a quadratic-time algorithm that outputs, if the input is a yes-instance, one of the shortest reconfiguration sequences.
Cite as

Takehiro Ito, Yuni Iwamasa, Yasuaki Kobayashi, Yu Nakahata, Yota Otachi, Masahiro Takahashi, and Kunihiro Wasa. Independent Set Reconfiguration on Directed Graphs. In 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 241, pp. 58:1-58:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{ito_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.58,
  author =	{Ito, Takehiro and Iwamasa, Yuni and Kobayashi, Yasuaki and Nakahata, Yu and Otachi, Yota and Takahashi, Masahiro and Wasa, Kunihiro},
  title =	{{Independent Set Reconfiguration on Directed Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)},
  pages =	{58:1--58:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-256-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{241},
  editor =	{Szeider, Stefan and Ganian, Robert and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.58},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-168567},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.58},
  annote =	{Keywords: Combinatorial reconfiguration, token sliding, directed graph, independent set, graph algorithm}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2022.16
Sorting Balls and Water: Equivalence and Computational Complexity

Authors: Takehiro Ito, Jun Kawahara, Shin-ichi Minato, Yota Otachi, Toshiki Saitoh, Akira Suzuki, Ryuhei Uehara, Takeaki Uno, Katsuhisa Yamanaka, and Ryo Yoshinaka

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 226, 11th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2022)

Abstract
Various forms of sorting problems have been studied over the years. Recently, two kinds of sorting puzzle apps are popularized. In these puzzles, we are given a set of bins filled with colored units, balls or water, and some empty bins. These puzzles allow us to move colored units from a bin to another when the colors involved match in some way or the target bin is empty. The goal of these puzzles is to sort all the color units in order. We investigate computational complexities of these puzzles. We first show that these two puzzles are essentially the same from the viewpoint of solvability. That is, an instance is sortable by ball-moves if and only if it is sortable by water-moves. We also show that every yes-instance has a solution of polynomial length, which implies that these puzzles belong to NP . We then show that these puzzles are NP-complete. For some special cases, we give polynomial-time algorithms. We finally consider the number of empty bins sufficient for making all instances solvable and give non-trivial upper and lower bounds in terms of the number of filled bins and the capacity of bins.
Cite as

Takehiro Ito, Jun Kawahara, Shin-ichi Minato, Yota Otachi, Toshiki Saitoh, Akira Suzuki, Ryuhei Uehara, Takeaki Uno, Katsuhisa Yamanaka, and Ryo Yoshinaka. Sorting Balls and Water: Equivalence and Computational Complexity. In 11th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 226, pp. 16:1-16:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{ito_et_al:LIPIcs.FUN.2022.16,
  author =	{Ito, Takehiro and Kawahara, Jun and Minato, Shin-ichi and Otachi, Yota and Saitoh, Toshiki and Suzuki, Akira and Uehara, Ryuhei and Uno, Takeaki and Yamanaka, Katsuhisa and Yoshinaka, Ryo},
  title =	{{Sorting Balls and Water: Equivalence and Computational Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{11th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2022)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-232-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{226},
  editor =	{Fraigniaud, Pierre and Uno, Yushi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2022.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-159867},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2022.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Ball sort puzzle, recreational mathematics, sorting pairs in bins, water sort puzzle}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.21
Parameterized Complexity of Graph Burning

Authors: Yasuaki Kobayashi and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 180, 15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2020)

Abstract
Graph Burning asks, given a graph G = (V,E) and an integer k, whether there exists (b₀,… ,b_{k-1}) ∈ V^{k} such that every vertex in G has distance at most i from some b_i. This problem is known to be NP-complete even on connected caterpillars of maximum degree 3. We study the parameterized complexity of this problem and answer all questions arose by Kare and Reddy [IWOCA 2019] about parameterized complexity of the problem. We show that the problem is W[2]-complete parameterized by k and that it does not admit a polynomial kernel parameterized by vertex cover number unless NP ⊆ coNP/poly. We also show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by clique-width plus the maximum diameter among all connected components. This implies the fixed-parameter tractability parameterized by modular-width, by treedepth, and by distance to cographs. Although the parameterization by distance to split graphs cannot be handled with the clique-width argument, we show that this is also tractable by a reduction to a generalized problem with a smaller solution size.
Cite as

Yasuaki Kobayashi and Yota Otachi. Parameterized Complexity of Graph Burning. In 15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 180, pp. 21:1-21:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{kobayashi_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.21,
  author =	{Kobayashi, Yasuaki and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Parameterized Complexity of Graph Burning}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2020)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:10},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-172-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{180},
  editor =	{Cao, Yixin and Pilipczuk, Marcin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-133241},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2020.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph burning, parameterized complexity, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14
Grundy Distinguishes Treewidth from Pathwidth

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 173, 28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020)

Abstract
Structural graph parameters, such as treewidth, pathwidth, and clique-width, are a central topic of study in parameterized complexity. A main aim of research in this area is to understand the "price of generality" of these widths: as we transition from more restrictive to more general notions, which are the problems that see their complexity status deteriorate from fixed-parameter tractable to intractable? This type of question is by now very well-studied, but, somewhat strikingly, the algorithmic frontier between the two (arguably) most central width notions, treewidth and pathwidth, is still not understood: currently, no natural graph problem is known to be W-hard for one but FPT for the other. Indeed, a surprising development of the last few years has been the observation that for many of the most paradigmatic problems, their complexities for the two parameters actually coincide exactly, despite the fact that treewidth is a much more general parameter. It would thus appear that the extra generality of treewidth over pathwidth often comes "for free". Our main contribution in this paper is to uncover the first natural example where this generality comes with a high price. We consider Grundy Coloring, a variation of coloring where one seeks to calculate the worst possible coloring that could be assigned to a graph by a greedy First-Fit algorithm. We show that this well-studied problem is FPT parameterized by pathwidth; however, it becomes significantly harder (W[1]-hard) when parameterized by treewidth. Furthermore, we show that Grundy Coloring makes a second complexity jump for more general widths, as it becomes para-NP-hard for clique-width. Hence, Grundy Coloring nicely captures the complexity trade-offs between the three most well-studied parameters. Completing the picture, we show that Grundy Coloring is FPT parameterized by modular-width.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, and Yota Otachi. Grundy Distinguishes Treewidth from Pathwidth. In 28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 173, pp. 14:1-14:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Kim, Eun Jung and Lampis, Michael and Mitsou, Valia and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Grundy Distinguishes Treewidth from Pathwidth}},
  booktitle =	{28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-162-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{173},
  editor =	{Grandoni, Fabrizio and Herman, Grzegorz and Sanders, Peter},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-128803},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Treewidth, Pathwidth, Clique-width, Grundy Coloring}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.67
Sublinear-Space Lexicographic Depth-First Search for Bounded Treewidth Graphs and Planar Graphs

Authors: Taisuke Izumi and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 168, 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)

Abstract
The lexicographic depth-first search (Lex-DFS) is one of the first basic graph problems studied in the context of space-efficient algorithms. It is shown independently by Asano et al. [ISAAC 2014] and Elmasry et al. [STACS 2015] that Lex-DFS admits polynomial-time algorithms that run with O(n)-bit working memory, where n is the number of vertices in the graph. Lex-DFS is known to be P-complete under logspace reduction, and giving or ruling out polynomial-time sublinear-space algorithms for Lex-DFS on general graphs is quite challenging. In this paper, we study Lex-DFS on graphs of bounded treewidth. We first show that given a tree decomposition of width O(n^(1-ε)) with ε > 0, Lex-DFS can be solved in sublinear space. We then complement this result by presenting a space-efficient algorithm that can compute, for w ≤ √n, a tree decomposition of width O(w √nlog n) or correctly decide that the graph has a treewidth more than w. This algorithm itself would be of independent interest as the first space-efficient algorithm for computing a tree decomposition of moderate (small but non-constant) width. By combining these results, we can show in particular that graphs of treewidth O(n^(1/2 - ε)) for some ε > 0 admits a polynomial-time sublinear-space algorithm for Lex-DFS. We can also show that planar graphs admit a polynomial-time algorithm with O(n^(1/2+ε))-bit working memory for Lex-DFS.
Cite as

Taisuke Izumi and Yota Otachi. Sublinear-Space Lexicographic Depth-First Search for Bounded Treewidth Graphs and Planar Graphs. In 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 168, pp. 67:1-67:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{izumi_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.67,
  author =	{Izumi, Taisuke and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Sublinear-Space Lexicographic Depth-First Search for Bounded Treewidth Graphs and Planar Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)},
  pages =	{67:1--67:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-138-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{168},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Dawar, Anuj and Merelli, Emanuela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.67},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-124745},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.67},
  annote =	{Keywords: depth-first search, space complexity, treewidth}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25
Low-Congestion Shortcut and Graph Parameters

Authors: Naoki Kitamura, Hirotaka Kitagawa, Yota Otachi, and Taisuke Izumi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 146, 33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019)

Abstract
Distributed graph algorithms in the standard CONGEST model often exhibit the time-complexity lower bound of Omega~(sqrt{n} + D) rounds for many global problems, where n is the number of nodes and D is the diameter of the input graph. Since such a lower bound is derived from special "hard-core" instances, it does not necessarily apply to specific popular graph classes such as planar graphs. The concept of low-congestion shortcuts is initiated by Ghaffari and Haeupler [SODA2016] for addressing the design of CONGEST algorithms running fast in restricted network topologies. Specifically, given a specific graph class X, an f-round algorithm of constructing shortcuts of quality q for any instance in X results in O~(q + f)-round algorithms of solving several fundamental graph problems such as minimum spanning tree and minimum cut, for X. The main interest on this line is to identify the graph classes allowing the shortcuts which are efficient in the sense of breaking O~(sqrt{n}+D)-round general lower bounds. In this paper, we consider the relationship between the quality of low-congestion shortcuts and three major graph parameters, chordality, diameter, and clique-width. The main contribution of the paper is threefold: (1) We show an O(1)-round algorithm which constructs a low-congestion shortcut with quality O(kD) for any k-chordal graph, and prove that the quality and running time of this construction is nearly optimal up to polylogarithmic factors. (2) We present two algorithms, each of which constructs a low-congestion shortcut with quality O~(n^{1/4}) in O~(n^{1/4}) rounds for graphs of D=3, and that with quality O~(n^{1/3}) in O~(n^{1/3}) rounds for graphs of D=4 respectively. These results obviously deduce two MST algorithms running in O~(n^{1/4}) and O~(n^{1/3}) rounds for D=3 and 4 respectively, which almost close the long-standing complexity gap of the MST construction in small-diameter graphs originally posed by Lotker et al. [Distributed Computing 2006]. (3) We show that bounding clique-width does not help the construction of good shortcuts by presenting a network topology of clique-width six where the construction of MST is as expensive as the general case.
Cite as

Naoki Kitamura, Hirotaka Kitagawa, Yota Otachi, and Taisuke Izumi. Low-Congestion Shortcut and Graph Parameters. In 33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 146, pp. 25:1-25:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{kitamura_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25,
  author =	{Kitamura, Naoki and Kitagawa, Hirotaka and Otachi, Yota and Izumi, Taisuke},
  title =	{{Low-Congestion Shortcut and Graph Parameters}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-126-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{146},
  editor =	{Suomela, Jukka},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-113328},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: distributed graph algorithms, low-congestion shortcut, k-chordal graph, clique width, minimum spanning tree}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13
Token Sliding on Split Graphs

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, Yota Otachi, and Florian Sikora

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 126, 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)

Abstract
We consider the complexity of the Independent Set Reconfiguration problem under the Token Sliding rule. In this problem we are given two independent sets of a graph and are asked if we can transform one to the other by repeatedly exchanging a vertex that is currently in the set with one of its neighbors, while maintaining the set independent. Our main result is to show that this problem is PSPACE-complete on split graphs (and hence also on chordal graphs), thus resolving an open problem in this area. We then go on to consider the c-Colorable Reconfiguration problem under the same rule, where the constraint is now to maintain the set c-colorable at all times. As one may expect, a simple modification of our reduction shows that this more general problem is PSPACE-complete for all fixed c >= 1 on chordal graphs. Somewhat surprisingly, we show that the same cannot be said for split graphs: we give a polynomial time (n^{O(c)}) algorithm for all fixed values of c, except c=1, for which the problem is PSPACE-complete. We complement our algorithm with a lower bound showing that c-Colorable Reconfiguration is W[2]-hard on split graphs parameterized by c and the length of the solution, as well as a tight ETH-based lower bound for both parameters.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, Yota Otachi, and Florian Sikora. Token Sliding on Split Graphs. In 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 126, pp. 13:1-13:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Kim, Eun Jung and Lampis, Michael and Mitsou, Valia and Otachi, Yota and Sikora, Florian},
  title =	{{Token Sliding on Split Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-100-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{126},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Paul, Christophe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102529},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: reconfiguration, independent set, split graph}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5
How Bad is the Freedom to Flood-It?

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Mehdi Khosravian Ghadikolaei, Masashi Kiyomi, Michael Lampis, and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 100, 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)

Abstract
Fixed-Flood-It and Free-Flood-It are combinatorial problems on graphs that generalize a very popular puzzle called Flood-It. Both problems consist of recoloring moves whose goal is to produce a monochromatic ("flooded") graph as quickly as possible. Their difference is that in Free-Flood-It the player has the additional freedom of choosing the vertex to play in each move. In this paper, we investigate how this freedom affects the complexity of the problem. It turns out that the freedom is bad in some sense. We show that some cases trivially solvable for Fixed-Flood-It become intractable for Free-Flood-It. We also show that some tractable cases for Fixed-Flood-It are still tractable for Free-Flood-It but need considerably more involved arguments. We finally present some combinatorial properties connecting or separating the two problems. In particular, we show that the length of an optimal solution for Fixed-Flood-It is always at most twice that of Free-Flood-It, and this is tight.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Mehdi Khosravian Ghadikolaei, Masashi Kiyomi, Michael Lampis, and Yota Otachi. How Bad is the Freedom to Flood-It?. In 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 100, pp. 5:1-5:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Khosravian Ghadikolaei, Mehdi and Kiyomi, Masashi and Lampis, Michael and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{How Bad is the Freedom to Flood-It?}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-067-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{100},
  editor =	{Ito, Hiro and Leonardi, Stefano and Pagli, Linda and Prencipe, Giuseppe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-87961},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: flood-filling game, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.24
Parameterized Orientable Deletion

Authors: Tesshu Hanaka, Ioannis Katsikarelis, Michael Lampis, Yota Otachi, and Florian Sikora

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 101, 16th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2018)

Abstract
A graph is d-orientable if its edges can be oriented so that the maximum in-degree of the resulting digraph is at most d. d-orientability is a well-studied concept with close connections to fundamental graph-theoretic notions and applications as a load balancing problem. In this paper we consider the d-Orientable Deletion problem: given a graph G=(V,E), delete the minimum number of vertices to make G d-orientable. We contribute a number of results that improve the state of the art on this problem. Specifically: - We show that the problem is W[2]-hard and log n-inapproximable with respect to k, the number of deleted vertices. This closes the gap in the problem's approximability. - We completely characterize the parameterized complexity of the problem on chordal graphs: it is FPT parameterized by d+k, but W-hard for each of the parameters d,k separately. - We show that, under the SETH, for all d,epsilon, the problem does not admit a (d+2-epsilon)^{tw}, algorithm where tw is the graph's treewidth, resolving as a special case an open problem on the complexity of PseudoForest Deletion. - We show that the problem is W-hard parameterized by the input graph's clique-width. Complementing this, we provide an algorithm running in time d^{O(d * cw)}, showing that the problem is FPT by d+cw, and improving the previously best know algorithm for this case.
Cite as

Tesshu Hanaka, Ioannis Katsikarelis, Michael Lampis, Yota Otachi, and Florian Sikora. Parameterized Orientable Deletion. In 16th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 101, pp. 24:1-24:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{hanaka_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.24,
  author =	{Hanaka, Tesshu and Katsikarelis, Ioannis and Lampis, Michael and Otachi, Yota and Sikora, Florian},
  title =	{{Parameterized Orientable Deletion}},
  booktitle =	{16th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2018)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-068-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{101},
  editor =	{Eppstein, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-88506},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph orientations, FPT algorithms, Treewidth, SETH}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.27
Reconfiguration of Colorable Sets in Classes of Perfect Graphs

Authors: Takehiro Ito and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 101, 16th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2018)

Abstract
A set of vertices in a graph is c-colorable if the subgraph induced by the set has a proper c-coloring. In this paper, we study the problem of finding a step-by-step transformation (reconfiguration) between two c-colorable sets in the same graph. This problem generalizes the well-studied Independent Set Reconfiguration problem. As the first step toward a systematic understanding of the complexity of this general problem, we study the problem on classes of perfect graphs. We first focus on interval graphs and give a combinatorial characterization of the distance between two c-colorable sets. This gives a linear-time algorithm for finding an actual shortest reconfiguration sequence for interval graphs. Since interval graphs are exactly the graphs that are simultaneously chordal and co-comparability, we then complement the positive result by showing that even deciding reachability is PSPACE-complete for chordal graphs and for co-comparability graphs. The hardness for chordal graphs holds even for split graphs. We also consider the case where c is a fixed constant and show that in such a case the reachability problem is polynomial-time solvable for split graphs but still PSPACE-complete for co-comparability graphs. The complexity of this case for chordal graphs remains unsettled. As by-products, our positive results give the first polynomial-time solvable cases (split graphs and interval graphs) for Feedback Vertex Set Reconfiguration.
Cite as

Takehiro Ito and Yota Otachi. Reconfiguration of Colorable Sets in Classes of Perfect Graphs. In 16th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 101, pp. 27:1-27:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{ito_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.27,
  author =	{Ito, Takehiro and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Reconfiguration of Colorable Sets in Classes of Perfect Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{16th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2018)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-068-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{101},
  editor =	{Eppstein, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-88539},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2018.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: reconfiguration, colorable set, perfect graph}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.44
Space-Efficient Algorithms for Longest Increasing Subsequence

Authors: Masashi Kiyomi, Hirotaka Ono, Yota Otachi, Pascal Schweitzer, and Jun Tarui

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 96, 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)

Abstract
Given a sequence of integers, we want to find a longest increasing subsequence of the sequence. It is known that this problem can be solved in O(n log n) time and space. Our goal in this paper is to reduce the space consumption while keeping the time complexity small. For sqrt(n) <= s <= n, we present algorithms that use O(s log n) bits and O(1/s n^2 log n) time for computing the length of a longest increasing subsequence, and O(1/s n^2 log^2 n) time for finding an actual subsequence. We also show that the time complexity of our algorithms is optimal up to polylogarithmic factors in the framework of sequential access algorithms with the prescribed amount of space.
Cite as

Masashi Kiyomi, Hirotaka Ono, Yota Otachi, Pascal Schweitzer, and Jun Tarui. Space-Efficient Algorithms for Longest Increasing Subsequence. In 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 96, pp. 44:1-44:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{kiyomi_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2018.44,
  author =	{Kiyomi, Masashi and Ono, Hirotaka and Otachi, Yota and Schweitzer, Pascal and Tarui, Jun},
  title =	{{Space-Efficient Algorithms for Longest Increasing Subsequence}},
  booktitle =	{35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-062-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{96},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Vall\'{e}e, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-84911},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: longest increasing subsequence, patience sorting, space-efficient algorithm}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.22
Vertex Deletion Problems on Chordal Graphs

Authors: Yixin Cao, Yuping Ke, Yota Otachi, and Jie You

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 93, 37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2017)

Abstract
Containing many classic optimization problems, the family of vertex deletion problems has an important position in algorithm and complexity study. The celebrated result of Lewis and Yannakakis gives a complete dichotomy of their complexity. It however has nothing to say about the case when the input graph is also special. This paper initiates a systematic study of vertex deletion problems from one subclass of chordal graphs to another. We give polynomial-time algorithms or proofs of NP-completeness for most of the problems. In particular, we show that the vertex deletion problem from chordal graphs to interval graphs is NP-complete.
Cite as

Yixin Cao, Yuping Ke, Yota Otachi, and Jie You. Vertex Deletion Problems on Chordal Graphs. In 37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 93, pp. 22:1-22:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{cao_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.22,
  author =	{Cao, Yixin and Ke, Yuping and Otachi, Yota and You, Jie},
  title =	{{Vertex Deletion Problems on Chordal Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2017)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-055-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{93},
  editor =	{Lokam, Satya and Ramanujam, R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-83799},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: vertex deletion problem, maximum subgraph, chordal graph, (unit) interval graph, split graph, hereditary property, NP-complete, polynomial-time algori}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.7
A Faster Parameterized Algorithm for Pseudoforest Deletion

Authors: Hans L. Bodlaender, Hirotaka Ono, and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 63, 11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016)

Abstract
A pseudoforest is a graph where each connected component contains at most one cycle, or alternatively, a graph that can be turned into a forest by removing at most one edge from each connected component. In this paper, we show that the following problem can be solved in O(3^k n k^{O(1)}) time: given a graph G and an integer k, can we delete at most k vertices from G such that we obtain a pseudoforest? The result improves upon an earlier result by Philip et al. [MFCS 2015] who gave a (nonlinear) 7.56^k n^{O(1)}-time algorithm both in the exponential factor depending on k as well as in the polynomial factor depending on n.
Cite as

Hans L. Bodlaender, Hirotaka Ono, and Yota Otachi. A Faster Parameterized Algorithm for Pseudoforest Deletion. In 11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 63, pp. 7:1-7:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bodlaender_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.7,
  author =	{Bodlaender, Hans L. and Ono, Hirotaka and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{A Faster Parameterized Algorithm for Pseudoforest Deletion}},
  booktitle =	{11th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2016)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-023-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{63},
  editor =	{Guo, Jiong and Hermelin, Danny},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-69246},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2016.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: pseudoforest deletion, graph class, width parameter, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.20
Degree-Constrained Orientation of Maximum Satisfaction: Graph Classes and Parameterized Complexity

Authors: Hans L. Bodlaender, Hirotaka Ono, and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 64, 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)

Abstract
The problem Max W-Light (Max W-Heavy) for an undirected graph is to assign a direction to each edge so that the number of vertices of outdegree at most W (resp. at least W) is maximized. It is known that these problems are NP-hard even for fixed W. For example, Max 0-Light is equivalent to the problem of finding a maximum independent set. In this paper, we show that for any fixed constant W, Max W-Heavy can be solved in linear time for hereditary graph classes for which treewidth is bounded by a function of degeneracy. We show that such graph classes include chordal graphs, circular-arc graphs, d-trapezoid graphs, chordal bipartite graphs, and graphs of bounded clique-width. To have a polynomial-time algorithm for Max W-Light, we need an additional condition of a polynomial upper bound on the number of potential maximal cliques to apply the metatheorem by Fomin, Todinca, and Villanger [SIAM J. Comput., 44(1):57-87, 2015]. The aforementioned graph classes, except bounded clique-width graphs, satisfy such a condition. For graphs of bounded clique-width, we present a dynamic programming approach not using the metatheorem to show that it is actually polynomial-time solvable for this graph class too. We also study the parameterized complexity of the problems and show some tractability and intractability results.
Cite as

Hans L. Bodlaender, Hirotaka Ono, and Yota Otachi. Degree-Constrained Orientation of Maximum Satisfaction: Graph Classes and Parameterized Complexity. In 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 64, pp. 20:1-20:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{bodlaender_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.20,
  author =	{Bodlaender, Hans L. and Ono, Hirotaka and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Degree-Constrained Orientation of Maximum Satisfaction: Graph Classes and Parameterized Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-026-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{64},
  editor =	{Hong, Seok-Hee},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-67898},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: orientation, graph class, width parameter, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.45
On the Classes of Interval Graphs of Limited Nesting and Count of Lengths

Authors: Pavel Klavík, Yota Otachi, and Jiri Šejnoha

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 64, 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)

Abstract
In 1969, Roberts introduced proper and unit interval graphs and proved that these classes are equal. Natural generalizations of unit interval graphs called k-length interval graphs were considered in which the number of different lengths of intervals is limited by k. Even after decades of research, no insight into their structure is known and the complexity of recognition is open even for k = 2. We propose generalizations of proper interval graphs called k-nested interval graphs in which there are no chains of k + 1 intervals nested in each other. It is easy to see that k-nested interval graphs are a superclass of k-length interval graphs. We give a linear-time recognition algorithm for k-nested interval graphs. This algorithm adds a missing piece to Gajarský et al. [FOCS 2015] to show that testing FO properties on interval graphs is FPT with respect to the nesting k and the length of the formula, while the problem is W[2]-hard when parameterized just by the length of the formula. Further, we show that a generalization of recognition called partial representation extension is polynomial-time solvable for k-nested interval graphs, while it is NP-hard for k-length interval graphs, even when k = 2.
Cite as

Pavel Klavík, Yota Otachi, and Jiri Šejnoha. On the Classes of Interval Graphs of Limited Nesting and Count of Lengths. In 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 64, pp. 45:1-45:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{klavik_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.45,
  author =	{Klav{\'\i}k, Pavel and Otachi, Yota and \v{S}ejnoha, Jiri},
  title =	{{On the Classes of Interval Graphs of Limited Nesting and Count of Lengths}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)},
  pages =	{45:1--45:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-026-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{64},
  editor =	{Hong, Seok-Hee},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.45},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-68155},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.45},
  annote =	{Keywords: interval graphs, proper and unit interval graphs, recognition, partial representation extension}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2016.46
A Lower Bound on Opaque Sets

Authors: Akitoshi Kawamura, Sonoko Moriyama, Yota Otachi, and János Pach

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 51, 32nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2016)

Abstract
It is proved that the total length of any set of countably many rectifiable curves, whose union meets all straight lines that intersect the unit square U, is at least 2.00002. This is the first improvement on the lower bound of 2 by Jones in 1964. A similar bound is proved for all convex sets U other than a triangle.
Cite as

Akitoshi Kawamura, Sonoko Moriyama, Yota Otachi, and János Pach. A Lower Bound on Opaque Sets. In 32nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 51, pp. 46:1-46:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{kawamura_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2016.46,
  author =	{Kawamura, Akitoshi and Moriyama, Sonoko and Otachi, Yota and Pach, J\'{a}nos},
  title =	{{A Lower Bound on Opaque Sets}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2016)},
  pages =	{46:1--46:10},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-009-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{51},
  editor =	{Fekete, S\'{a}ndor and Lubiw, Anna},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2016.46},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-59386},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2016.46},
  annote =	{Keywords: barriers; Cauchy-Crofton formula; lower bound; opaque sets}
}
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