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Documents authored by Satti, Srinivasa Rao

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.64
A Simple Representation of Tree Covering Utilizing Balanced Parentheses and Efficient Implementation of Average-Case Optimal RMQs

Authors: Kou Hamada, Sankardeep Chakraborty, Seungbum Jo, Takuto Koriyama, Kunihiko Sadakane, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 308, 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)

Abstract
Tree covering is a technique for decomposing a tree into smaller sized trees with desirable properties, and has been employed in various succinct data structures. However, significant hurdles stand in the way of a practical implementation of tree covering: a lot of pointers are used to maintain the tree-covering hierarchy and many indices for tree navigational queries consume theoretically negligible yet practically vast space. To tackle these problems, we propose a simple representation of tree covering using a balanced-parenthesis representation. The key to the proposal is the observation that every micro tree splits into at most two intervals on the BP representation. Utilizing the representation, we propose several data structures that represent a tree and its tree cover, which consequently allow micro tree compression with arbitrary coding and efficient tree navigational queries. We also applied our data structure to average-case optimal RMQ by Munro et al. [ESA 2021] and implemented the RMQ data structure. Our RMQ data structures spend less than 2n bits and process queries in a practical time on several settings of the performance evaluation, reducing the gap between theoretical space complexity and actual space consumption. For example, our implementation consumes 1.822n bits and processes queries in 5µs on average for random queries and in 13µs on average for the worst query widths. We also implement tree navigational operations while using the same amount of space as the RMQ data structures. We believe the representation can be widely utilized for designing practically memory-efficient data structures based on tree covering.
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Kou Hamada, Sankardeep Chakraborty, Seungbum Jo, Takuto Koriyama, Kunihiko Sadakane, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. A Simple Representation of Tree Covering Utilizing Balanced Parentheses and Efficient Implementation of Average-Case Optimal RMQs. In 32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 308, pp. 64:1-64:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{hamada_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2024.64,
  author =	{Hamada, Kou and Chakraborty, Sankardeep and Jo, Seungbum and Koriyama, Takuto and Sadakane, Kunihiko and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{A Simple Representation of Tree Covering Utilizing Balanced Parentheses and Efficient Implementation of Average-Case Optimal RMQs}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2024)},
  pages =	{64:1--64:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-338-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{308},
  editor =	{Chan, Timothy and Fischer, Johannes and Iacono, John and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.64},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-211359},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2024.64},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hypersuccinct trees, Succinct data structures, Range minimum queries, Binary trees}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.33
Space-Efficient Data Structure for Posets with Applications

Authors: Tatsuya Yanagita, Sankardeep Chakraborty, Kunihiko Sadakane, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 227, 18th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2022)

Abstract
Space efficient data structures for partial ordered sets or posets are well-researched field. It is known that a poset with n elements can be represented in n²/4 + o(n²) bits [Munro and Nicholson, 2016] and can also be represented in (1 + ε)n log n + 2nk + o(nk) bits [Farzan and Fischer, 2011] where k is width of the poset. In this paper, we make the latter data structure occupy 2n(k-1) + o(nk) bits by considering topological labeling on the elements of posets. Also considering the topological labeling, we propose a new data structure that calculates queries on transitive reduction graphs of posets faster though queries on transitive closure graphs are computed slower. Moreover, we propose an alternative data structure for topological labeled posets that calculates both of the queries faster though it uses 3nk - 2n + o(nk) bits of space. Additionally, we discuss the advantage of these data structures from the perspective of an application for BlockDAG, which is a more scalable version of Blockchain.
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Tatsuya Yanagita, Sankardeep Chakraborty, Kunihiko Sadakane, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Space-Efficient Data Structure for Posets with Applications. In 18th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 227, pp. 33:1-33:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{yanagita_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.33,
  author =	{Yanagita, Tatsuya and Chakraborty, Sankardeep and Sadakane, Kunihiko and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Space-Efficient Data Structure for Posets with Applications}},
  booktitle =	{18th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2022)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-236-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{227},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Xin, Qin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-161931},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2022.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Succinct Data Structures, Posets, Blockchain}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2021.10
Practical Implementation of Encoding Range Top-2 Queries

Authors: Seungbum Jo, Wooyoung Park, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 190, 19th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2021)

Abstract
We design a practical variant of an encoding for range Top-2 queries (RT2Q), and evaluate its performance. Given an array A[1,n] of n elements from a total order, the range Top-2 encoding problem is to construct a data structure that can answer RT2Q queries, which return the positions of the first and the second largest elements within a given query range of A, without accessing the array A at query time. Davoodi et al. [Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A, 2016] proposed a (3.272n + o(n))-bit encoding, which answers RT2Q queries in O(1) time, while Gawrychowski and Nicholson [ICALP, 2015] gave an optimal (2.755n + (n))-bit encoding which doesn't support efficient queries. In this paper, we propose the first practical implementation of the encoding data structure for answering RT2Q. Our implementation is based on an alternative representation of Davoodi et al.’s data structure. The experimental results show that our implementation is efficient in practice, and gives improved time-space trade-offs compared to the indexing data structures (which keep the original array A as part of the data structure) for range maximum queries.
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Seungbum Jo, Wooyoung Park, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Practical Implementation of Encoding Range Top-2 Queries. In 19th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 190, pp. 10:1-10:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{jo_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2021.10,
  author =	{Jo, Seungbum and Park, Wooyoung and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Practical Implementation of Encoding Range Top-2 Queries}},
  booktitle =	{19th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2021)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-185-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{190},
  editor =	{Coudert, David and Natale, Emanuele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2021.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-137827},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2021.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Range top-2 query, Range minimum query, Cartesian tree, Succinct encoding}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2020.29
Enumerating Range Modes

Authors: Kentaro Sumigawa, Sankardeep Chakraborty, Kunihiko Sadakane, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 181, 31st International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2020)

Abstract
Given a sequence of elements, we consider the problem of indexing the sequence to support range mode queries - given a query range, find the element with maximum frequency in the range. We give indexing data structures for this problem; given a sequence, we construct a data structure that can be used later to process arbitrary queries. Our algorithms are efficient for small maximum frequency cases. We also consider a natural generalization of the problem: the range mode enumeration problem, for which there has been no known efficient algorithms. Our algorithms have query time complexities which are linear in the output size plus small terms.
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Kentaro Sumigawa, Sankardeep Chakraborty, Kunihiko Sadakane, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Enumerating Range Modes. In 31st International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 181, pp. 29:1-29:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{sumigawa_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2020.29,
  author =	{Sumigawa, Kentaro and Chakraborty, Sankardeep and Sadakane, Kunihiko and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Enumerating Range Modes}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2020)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-173-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{181},
  editor =	{Cao, Yixin and Cheng, Siu-Wing and Li, Minming},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2020.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-133732},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2020.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: range mode, space-efficient data structure, enumeration algorithm}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.8.7.44
Synergies between Adaptive Analysis of Algorithms, Parameterized Complexity, Compressed Data Structures and Compressed Indices (Dagstuhl Seminar 18281)

Authors: Jérémy Barbay, Johannes Fischer, Stefan Kratsch, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 8, Issue 7 (2019)

Abstract
From the 8th of July 2018 to the 13th of July 2018, a Dagstuhl Seminar took place with the topic "Synergies between Adaptive Analysis of Algorithms, Parameterized Complexity, Compressed Data Structures and Compressed Indices". There, 40 participants from as many as 14 distinct countries and four distinct research areas, dealing with running time analysis and space usage analysis of algorithms and data structures, gathered to discuss results and techniques to "go beyond the worst-case" for classes of structurally restricted inputs, both for (fast) algorithms and (compressed) data structures. The seminar consisted of (1) a first session of personal introduction, each participant presenting his expertise and themes of interests in two slides; (2) a series of four technical talks; and (3) a larger series of presentations of open problems, with ample time left for the participants to gather and work on such open problems.
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Jérémy Barbay, Johannes Fischer, Stefan Kratsch, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Synergies between Adaptive Analysis of Algorithms, Parameterized Complexity, Compressed Data Structures and Compressed Indices (Dagstuhl Seminar 18281). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 8, Issue 7, pp. 44-61, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@Article{barbay_et_al:DagRep.8.7.44,
  author =	{Barbay, J\'{e}r\'{e}my and Fischer, Johannes and Kratsch, Stefan and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Synergies between Adaptive Analysis of Algorithms, Parameterized Complexity, Compressed Data Structures and Compressed Indices (Dagstuhl Seminar 18281)}},
  pages =	{44--61},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{7},
  editor =	{Barbay, J\'{e}r\'{e}my and Fischer, Johannes and Kratsch, Stefan and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.8.7.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-101724},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.8.7.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: adaptive (analysis of) algorithms, compressed data structures, compressed indices, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.54
Approximate Query Processing over Static Sets and Sliding Windows

Authors: Ran Ben Basat, Seungbum Jo, Srinivasa Rao Satti, and Shubham Ugare

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 123, 29th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2018)

Abstract
Indexing of static and dynamic sets is fundamental to a large set of applications such as information retrieval and caching. Denoting the characteristic vector of the set by B, we consider the problem of encoding sets and multisets to support approximate versions of the operations rank(i) (i.e., computing sum_{j <= i} B[j]) and select(i) (i.e., finding min{p|rank(p) >= i}) queries. We study multiple types of approximations (allowing an error in the query or the result) and present lower bounds and succinct data structures for several variants of the problem. We also extend our model to sliding windows, in which we process a stream of elements and compute suffix sums. This is a generalization of the window summation problem that allows the user to specify the window size at query time. Here, we provide an algorithm that supports updates and queries in constant time while requiring just (1+o(1)) factor more space than the fixed-window summation algorithms.
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Ran Ben Basat, Seungbum Jo, Srinivasa Rao Satti, and Shubham Ugare. Approximate Query Processing over Static Sets and Sliding Windows. In 29th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 123, pp. 54:1-54:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{benbasat_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.54,
  author =	{Ben Basat, Ran and Jo, Seungbum and Satti, Srinivasa Rao and Ugare, Shubham},
  title =	{{Approximate Query Processing over Static Sets and Sliding Windows}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2018)},
  pages =	{54:1--54:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-094-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{123},
  editor =	{Hsu, Wen-Lian and Lee, Der-Tsai and Liao, Chung-Shou},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.54},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-100027},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.54},
  annote =	{Keywords: Streaming, Algorithms, Sliding window, Lower bounds}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.69
Encoding Two-Dimensional Range Top-k Queries Revisited

Authors: Seungbum Jo and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 123, 29th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2018)

Abstract
We consider the problem of encoding two-dimensional arrays, whose elements come from a total order, for answering Top-k queries. The aim is to obtain encodings that use space close to the information-theoretic lower bound, which can be constructed efficiently. For 2 x n arrays, we first give upper and lower bounds on space for answering sorted and unsorted 3-sided Top-k queries. For m x n arrays, with m <=n and k <=mn, we obtain (m lg{(k+1)n choose n}+4nm(m-1)+o(n))-bit encoding for answering sorted 4-sided Top-k queries. This improves the min{(O(mn lg{n}),m^2 lg{(k+1)n choose n} + m lg{m}+o(n))}-bit encoding of Jo et al. [CPM, 2016] when m = o(lg{n}). This is a consequence of a new encoding that encodes a 2 x n array to support sorted 4-sided Top-k queries on it using an additional 4n bits, in addition to the encodings to support the Top-k queries on individual rows. This new encoding is a non-trivial generalization of the encoding of Jo et al. [CPM, 2016] that supports sorted 4-sided Top-2 queries on it using an additional 3n bits. We also give almost optimal space encodings for 3-sided Top-k queries, and show lower bounds on encodings for 3-sided and 4-sided Top-k queries.
Cite as

Seungbum Jo and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Encoding Two-Dimensional Range Top-k Queries Revisited. In 29th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 123, pp. 69:1-69:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{jo_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.69,
  author =	{Jo, Seungbum and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Encoding Two-Dimensional Range Top-k Queries Revisited}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2018)},
  pages =	{69:1--69:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-094-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{123},
  editor =	{Hsu, Wen-Lian and Lee, Der-Tsai and Liao, Chung-Shou},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.69},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-100179},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2018.69},
  annote =	{Keywords: Encoding model, top-k query, range minimum query}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.13
A Framework for In-place Graph Algorithms

Authors: Sankardeep Chakraborty, Anish Mukherjee, Venkatesh Raman, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 112, 26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018)

Abstract
Read-only memory (ROM) model is a classical model of computation to study time-space tradeoffs of algorithms. A classical result on the ROM model is that any algorithm to sort n numbers using O(s) words of extra space requires Omega (n^2/s) comparisons for lg n <= s <= n/lg n and the bound has also been recently matched by an algorithm. However, if we relax the model, we do have sorting algorithms (say Heapsort) that can sort using O(n lg n) comparisons using O(lg n) bits of extra space, even keeping a permutation of the given input sequence at anytime during the algorithm. We address similar relaxations for graph algorithms. We show that a simple natural relaxation of ROM model allows us to implement fundamental graph search methods like BFS and DFS more space efficiently than in ROM. By simply allowing elements in the adjacency list of a vertex to be permuted, we show that, on an undirected or directed connected graph G having n vertices and m edges, the vertices of G can be output in a DFS or BFS order using O(lg n) bits of extra space and O(n^3 lg n) time. Thus we obtain similar bounds for reachability and shortest path distance (both for undirected and directed graphs). With a little more (but still polynomial) time, we can also output vertices in the lex-DFS order. As reachability in directed graphs (even in DAGs) and shortest path distance (even in undirected graphs) are NL-complete, and lex-DFS is P-complete, our results show that our model is more powerful than ROM if L != P. En route, we also introduce and develop algorithms for another relaxation of ROM where the adjacency lists of the vertices are circular lists and we can modify only the heads of the lists. Here we first show a linear time DFS implementation using n + O(lg n) bits of extra space. Improving the extra space exponentially to only O(lg n) bits, we also obtain BFS and DFS albeit with a slightly slower running time. Both the models we propose maintain the graph structure throughout the algorithm, only the order of vertices in the adjacency list changes. In sharp contrast, for BFS and DFS, to the best of our knowledge, there are no algorithms in ROM that use even O(n^{1-epsilon}) bits of extra space; in fact, implementing DFS using cn bits for c<1 has been mentioned as an open problem. Furthermore, DFS (BFS, respectively) algorithms using n+o(n) (o(n), respectively) bits of extra use Reingold's [JACM, 2008] or Barnes et al's reachability algorithm [SICOMP, 1998] and hence have high runtime. Our results can be contrasted with the recent result of Buhrman et al. [STOC, 2014] which gives an algorithm for directed st-reachability on catalytic Turing machines using O(lg n) bits with catalytic space O(n^2 lg n) and time O(n^9).
Cite as

Sankardeep Chakraborty, Anish Mukherjee, Venkatesh Raman, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. A Framework for In-place Graph Algorithms. In 26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 112, pp. 13:1-13:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{chakraborty_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2018.13,
  author =	{Chakraborty, Sankardeep and Mukherjee, Anish and Raman, Venkatesh and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{A Framework for In-place Graph Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-081-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{112},
  editor =	{Azar, Yossi and Bast, Hannah and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-94760},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: DFS, BFS, in-place algorithm, space-efficient graph algorithms, logspace}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2017.31
Synergistic Solutions on MultiSets

Authors: Jérémy Barbay, Carlos Ochoa, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 78, 28th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2017)

Abstract
Karp et al. (1988) described Deferred Data Structures for Multisets as "lazy" data structures which partially sort data to support online rank and select queries, with the minimum amount of work in the worst case over instances of size n and number of queries q fixed. Barbay et al. (2016) refined this approach to take advantage of the gaps between the positions hit by the queries (i.e., the structure in the queries). We develop new techniques in order to further refine this approach and take advantage all at once of the structure (i.e., the multiplicities of the elements), some notions of local order (i.e., the number and sizes of runs) and global order (i.e., the number and positions of existing pivots) in the input; and of the structure and order in the sequence of queries. Our main result is a synergistic deferred data structure which outperforms all solutions in the comparison model that take advantage of only a subset of these features. As intermediate results, we describe two new synergistic sorting algorithms, which take advantage of some notions of structure and order (local and global) in the input, improving upon previous results which take advantage only of the structure (Munro and Spira 1979) or of the local order (Takaoka 1997) in the input; and one new multiselection algorithm which takes advantage of not only the order and structure in the input, but also of the structure in the queries.
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Jérémy Barbay, Carlos Ochoa, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Synergistic Solutions on MultiSets. In 28th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 78, pp. 31:1-31:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{barbay_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2017.31,
  author =	{Barbay, J\'{e}r\'{e}my and Ochoa, Carlos and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Synergistic Solutions on MultiSets}},
  booktitle =	{28th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2017)},
  pages =	{31:1--31:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-039-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{78},
  editor =	{K\"{a}rkk\"{a}inen, Juha and Radoszewski, Jakub and Rytter, Wojciech},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2017.31},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73441},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2017.31},
  annote =	{Keywords: deferred data structure, multivariate analysis, quick sort, select}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.22
Biconnectivity, Chain Decomposition and st-Numbering Using O(n) Bits

Authors: Sankardeep Chakraborty, Venkatesh Raman, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 64, 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)

Abstract
Recent work by Elmasry et al. (STACS 2015) and Asano et al. (ISAAC 2014) reconsidered classical fundamental graph algorithms focusing on improving the space complexity. Elmasry et al. gave, among others, an implementation of depth first search (DFS) of a graph on n vertices and m edges, taking O(m lg lg n) time using O(n) bits of space improving on the time bound of O(m lg n) due to Asano et al. Subsequently Banerjee et al. (COCOON 2016) gave an O(m + n) time implementation using O(m+n) bits, for DFS and its classical applications (including testing for biconnectivity, and finding cut vertices and cut edges). Recently, Kammer et al. (MFCS 2016) gave an algorithm for testing biconnectivity using O(n + min{m, n lg lg n}) bits in linear time. In this paper, we consider O(n) bits implementations of the classical applications of DFS. These include the problem of finding cut vertices, and biconnected components, chain decomposition and st-numbering. Classical algorithms for them typically use DFS and some Omega(lg n) bits of information at each node. Our O(n)-bit implementations for these problems take O(m lg^c n lg lg n) time for some small constant c (c leq 3). Central to our implementation is a succinct representation of the DFS tree and a space efficient partitioning of the DFS tree into connected subtrees, which maybe of independent interest for space efficient graph algorithms.
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Sankardeep Chakraborty, Venkatesh Raman, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Biconnectivity, Chain Decomposition and st-Numbering Using O(n) Bits. In 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 64, pp. 22:1-22:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{chakraborty_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.22,
  author =	{Chakraborty, Sankardeep and Raman, Venkatesh and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Biconnectivity, Chain Decomposition and st-Numbering Using O(n) Bits}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-026-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{64},
  editor =	{Hong, Seok-Hee},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-67927},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: biconnectivity, st-number, chain decomposition, tree cover, space efficient algorithms, read-only memory}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2016.3
Encoding Two-Dimensional Range Top-k Queries

Authors: Seungbum Jo, Rahul Lingala, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 54, 27th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2016)

Abstract
We consider various encodings that support range top-k queries on a two-dimensional array containing elements from a total order. For an m x n array, we first propose an almost optimal encoding for answering one-sided top-k queries, whose query range is restricted to [1 ... m][1 .. a], for 1 <= a <= n. Next, we propose an encoding for the general top-k queries that takes m^2 * lg(binom((k+1)n)(n)) + m * lg(m) + o(n) bits. This generalizes the one-dimensional top-k encoding of Gawrychowski and Nicholson [ICALP, 2015]. Finally, for a 2 x n array, we obtain a 2 lg(binom(3n)(n)) + 3n + o(n)-bit encoding for answering top-2 queries.
Cite as

Seungbum Jo, Rahul Lingala, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Encoding Two-Dimensional Range Top-k Queries. In 27th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 54, pp. 3:1-3:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{jo_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2016.3,
  author =	{Jo, Seungbum and Lingala, Rahul and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Encoding Two-Dimensional Range Top-k Queries}},
  booktitle =	{27th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2016)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:11},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-012-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{54},
  editor =	{Grossi, Roberto and Lewenstein, Moshe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2016.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-60704},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2016.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Encoding model, top-k query, range minimum query}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.291
Asymptotically Optimal Encodings for Range Selection

Authors: Gonzalo Navarro, Rajeev Raman, and Srinivasa Rao Satti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 29, 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)

Abstract
We consider the problem of preprocessing an array A[1..n] to answer range selection and range top-k queries. Given a query interval [i..j] and a value k, the former query asks for the position of the k-th largest value in A[i..j], whereas the latter asks for the positions of all the k largest values in A[i..j]. We consider the encoding} version of the problem, where A is not available at query time, and an upper bound kappa on k, the rank that is to be selected, is given at construction time. We obtain data structures with asymptotically optimal size and query time on a RAM model with word size Theta(lg(n)): our structures use O(n*lg(kappa)) bits and answer range selection queries in time O(1+lg(k) / lg(lg(n))) and range top-k queries in time O(k), for any k <= kappa.
Cite as

Gonzalo Navarro, Rajeev Raman, and Srinivasa Rao Satti. Asymptotically Optimal Encodings for Range Selection. In 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 29, pp. 291-301, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@InProceedings{navarro_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.291,
  author =	{Navarro, Gonzalo and Raman, Rajeev and Satti, Srinivasa Rao},
  title =	{{Asymptotically Optimal Encodings for Range Selection}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)},
  pages =	{291--301},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-77-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{29},
  editor =	{Raman, Venkatesh and Suresh, S. P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.291},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-48502},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.291},
  annote =	{Keywords: Data Structures, Order Statistics, Succinct Data Structures, Space-efficient Data Structures}
}
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