50 Search Results for "Friedrich, Tobias"


Document
The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool

Authors: Emad Jacob Maroun, Eva Dengler, Christian Dietrich, Stefan Hepp, Henriette Herzog, Benedikt Huber, Jens Knoop, Daniel Wiltsche-Prokesch, Peter Puschner, Phillip Raffeck, Martin Schoeberl, Simon Schuster, and Peter Wägemann

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 121, 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)


Abstract
With the increasing number of applications that require reliable runtime guarantees, the relevance of static worst-case analysis tools that can provide such guarantees increases. These analysis tools determine resource-consumption bounds of application tasks, with a model of the underlying hardware, to meet given resource budgets during runtime, such as deadlines of real-time tasks. This paper presents enhancements to the Platin worst-case analysis tool developed since its original release more than ten years ago. These novelties comprise Platin’s support for new architectures (i.e., ARMv6-M, RISC-V, and AVR) in addition to the previous backends for Patmos and ARMv7-M. Further, Platin now features system-wide analysis methods and annotation support to express system-level constraints. Besides an overview of these enhancements, we evaluate Platin’s accuracy for the two supported architecture implementations, Patmos and RISC-V.

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Emad Jacob Maroun, Eva Dengler, Christian Dietrich, Stefan Hepp, Henriette Herzog, Benedikt Huber, Jens Knoop, Daniel Wiltsche-Prokesch, Peter Puschner, Phillip Raffeck, Martin Schoeberl, Simon Schuster, and Peter Wägemann. The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool. In 22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 121, pp. 2:1-2:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{maroun_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2024.2,
  author =	{Maroun, Emad Jacob and Dengler, Eva and Dietrich, Christian and Hepp, Stefan and Herzog, Henriette and Huber, Benedikt and Knoop, Jens and Wiltsche-Prokesch, Daniel and Puschner, Peter and Raffeck, Phillip and Schoeberl, Martin and Schuster, Simon and W\"{a}gemann, Peter},
  title =	{{The Platin Multi-Target Worst-Case Analysis Tool}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2024)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-346-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{121},
  editor =	{Carle, Thomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204704},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2024.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: worst-case resource consumption, WCET, static analysis tool}
}
Document
Improved Cut Strategy for Tensor Network Contraction Orders

Authors: Christoph Staudt, Mark Blacher, Julien Klaus, Farin Lippmann, and Joachim Giesen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 301, 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)


Abstract
In the field of quantum computing, simulating quantum systems on classical computers is crucial. Tensor networks are fundamental in simulating quantum systems. A tensor network is a collection of tensors, that need to be contracted into a result tensor. Tensor contraction is a generalization of matrix multiplication to higher order tensors. The contractions can be performed in different orders, and the order has a significant impact on the number of floating point operations (flops) needed to get the result tensor. It is known that finding an optimal contraction order is NP-hard. The current state-of-the-art approach for finding efficient contraction orders is to combinine graph partitioning with a greedy strategy. Although heavily used in practice, the current approach ignores so-called free indices, chooses node weights without regarding previous computations, and requires numerous hyperparameters that need to be tuned at runtime. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by developing a novel graph cut strategy. The proposed modifications yield contraction orders that significantly reduce the number of flops in the tensor contractions compared to the current state of the art. Moreover, by removing the need for hyperparameter tuning at runtime, our approach converges to an efficient solution faster, which reduces the required optimization time by at least an order of magnitude.

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Christoph Staudt, Mark Blacher, Julien Klaus, Farin Lippmann, and Joachim Giesen. Improved Cut Strategy for Tensor Network Contraction Orders. In 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 301, pp. 27:1-27:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{staudt_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2024.27,
  author =	{Staudt, Christoph and Blacher, Mark and Klaus, Julien and Lippmann, Farin and Giesen, Joachim},
  title =	{{Improved Cut Strategy for Tensor Network Contraction Orders}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-325-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{301},
  editor =	{Liberti, Leo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203924},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: tensor network, contraction order, graph partitioniong, quantum simulation}
}
Document
Tighter Worst-Case Response Time Bounds for Jitter-Based Self-Suspension Analysis

Authors: Mario Günzel, Georg von der Brüggen, and Jian-Jia Chen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 298, 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)


Abstract
Tasks are called self-suspending if they can yield their ready state (specifically, releasing the processor while having highest priority) despite being incomplete, for instance, to offload computation to an external device or when waiting on access rights for shared resources or data. This self-suspending behavior requires special treatment when applying analytical results to compute worst-case response time bounds. One typical treatment is modeling self-suspension as release jitter in a so-called jitter-based analysis. The state of the art, when considering task-level fixed-priority scheduling, individually quantifies the jitter term of each higher-priority task by its worst-case response time minus its worst-case execution time. This work tightens the jitter term by taking the execution behavior of the other higher-priority tasks into account. Our improved jitter-based analysis analytically dominates the previous jitter-based analysis. Moreover, an evaluation for synthetically generated sporadic tasks demonstrates that this jitter term results in tighter worst-case response time bounds for self-suspending tasks. We observe an improvement for up to 55.89 % of the tasksets compared to the previous jitter-based analysis.

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Mario Günzel, Georg von der Brüggen, and Jian-Jia Chen. Tighter Worst-Case Response Time Bounds for Jitter-Based Self-Suspension Analysis. In 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 298, pp. 4:1-4:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{gunzel_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.4,
  author =	{G\"{u}nzel, Mario and von der Br\"{u}ggen, Georg and Chen, Jian-Jia},
  title =	{{Tighter Worst-Case Response Time Bounds for Jitter-Based Self-Suspension Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-324-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{298},
  editor =	{Pellizzoni, Rodolfo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203074},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-Case Response Time, WCRT, Jitter, Self-Suspension, Analysis}
}
Document
Crêpe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices

Authors: Eva Dengler and Peter Wägemann

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 298, 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)


Abstract
The domain of energy-constrained real-time systems that are operated on modern embedded system-on-chip (SoC) platforms brings numerous novel challenges for optimal resource minimization. These modern hardware platforms offer a heterogeneous variety of features to configure the tradeoff between temporal performance and energy efficiency, which goes beyond the state-of-the-art of existing dynamic-voltage-frequency-scaling (DVFS) scheduling schemes. The control center for configuring this tradeoff on platforms are complex clock subsystems that are intertwined with requirements of the SoC’s components (e.g., transceiver/memory/sensor devices). That is, several devices have precedence constraints with respect to specific clock sources and their settings. The challenge of dynamically adapting the various clock sources to select resource-optimal configurations becomes especially challenging in the presence of asynchronous preemptions, which are inherent to systems that use devices. In this paper, we present Crêpe, an approach to clock-reconfiguration-aware preemption control: Crêpe has an understanding of the target platform’s clock subsystem, its sleep states, and penalties to reconfigure clock sources for adapting clock frequencies. Crêpe’s hardware model is combined with an awareness of the application’s device requirements for each executed task, as well as possible interrupts that cause preemptions during runtime. Using these software/hardware constraints, Crêpe employs, in its offline phase, a mathematical formalization in order to select energy-minimal configurations while meeting given deadlines. This optimizing formalization, processed by standard mathematical solver tools, accounts for potentially occurring interrupts and the respective clock reconfigurations, which are then forwarded as alternative schedules to Crêpe’s runtime system. During runtime, the dispatcher assesses these offline-determined alternative schedules and reconfigures the clock sources for energy minimization. We developed an implementation based on a widely-used SoC platform (i.e., ESP32-C3) and an automated testbed for comprehensive energy-consumption evaluations to validate Crêpe’s claim of selecting resource-optimal settings under worst-case considerations.

Cite as

Eva Dengler and Peter Wägemann. Crêpe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices. In 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 298, pp. 10:1-10:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{dengler_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10,
  author =	{Dengler, Eva and W\"{a}gemann, Peter},
  title =	{{Cr\^{e}pe: Clock-Reconfiguration-Aware Preemption Control in Real-Time Systems with Devices}},
  booktitle =	{36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-324-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{298},
  editor =	{Pellizzoni, Rodolfo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203135},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: energy-constrained real-time systems, time/energy tradeoff, system-on-chip, energy-aware real-time scheduling, resource minimization, preemption control, worst-case energy consumption (WCEC), worst-case execution time (WCET), static whole-system analysis}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
Solving Woeginger’s Hiking Problem: Wonderful Partitions in Anonymous Hedonic Games

Authors: Andrei Constantinescu, Pascal Lenzner, Rebecca Reiffenhäuser, Daniel Schmand, and Giovanna Varricchio

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)


Abstract
A decade ago, Gerhard Woeginger posed an open problem that became well-known as "Woeginger’s Hiking Problem": Consider a group of n people that want to go hiking; everyone expresses preferences over the size of their hiking group in the form of an interval between 1 and n. Is it possible to efficiently assign the n people to a set of hiking subgroups so that every person approves the size of their assigned subgroup? The problem is also known as efficiently deciding if an instance of an anonymous Hedonic Game with interval approval preferences admits a wonderful partition. We resolve the open problem in the affirmative by presenting an O(n⁵) time algorithm for Woeginger’s Hiking Problem. Our solution is based on employing a dynamic programming approach for a specific rectangle stabbing problem from computational geometry. Moreover, we propose natural, more demanding extensions of the problem, e.g., maximizing the number of satisfied participants and variants with single-peaked preferences, and show that they are also efficiently solvable. Last but not least, we employ our solution to efficiently compute a partition that maximizes the egalitarian welfare for anonymous single-peaked Hedonic Games.

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Andrei Constantinescu, Pascal Lenzner, Rebecca Reiffenhäuser, Daniel Schmand, and Giovanna Varricchio. Solving Woeginger’s Hiking Problem: Wonderful Partitions in Anonymous Hedonic Games. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 48:1-48:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{constantinescu_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.48,
  author =	{Constantinescu, Andrei and Lenzner, Pascal and Reiffenh\"{a}user, Rebecca and Schmand, Daniel and Varricchio, Giovanna},
  title =	{{Solving Woeginger’s Hiking Problem: Wonderful Partitions in Anonymous Hedonic Games}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{48:1--48:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.48},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201910},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.48},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algorithmic Game Theory, Dynamic Programming, Anonymous Hedonic Games, Single-Peaked Preferences, Social Optimum, Wonderful Partitions}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
Vital Edges for (s,t)-Mincut: Efficient Algorithms, Compact Structures, & Optimal Sensitivity Oracles

Authors: Surender Baswana and Koustav Bhanja

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)


Abstract
Let G be a directed weighted graph on n vertices and m edges with designated source and sink vertices s and t. An edge in G is vital if its removal reduces the capacity of (s,t)-mincut. Since the seminal work of Ford and Fulkerson [CJM 1956], a long line of work has been done on computing the most vital edge and all vital edges of G. However, even after 60 years, the existing results are for either undirected or unweighted graphs. We present the following result for directed weighted graphs that also solves an open problem by Ausiello, Franciosa, Lari, and Ribichini [NETWORKS 2019]. 1. Algorithmic Results: There is an algorithm that computes all vital edges as well as the most vital edge of G using {O}(n) maximum (s,t)-flow computations. Vital edges play a crucial role in the design of sensitivity oracle for (s,t)-mincut - a compact data structure for reporting (s,t)-mincut after insertion/failure of any edge. For directed graphs, the only existing sensitivity oracle is for unweighted graphs by Picard and Queyranne [MPS 1982]. We present the first and optimal sensitivity oracle for directed weighted graphs as follows. 2. Sensitivity Oracles: a) There is an optimal O(n²) space data structure that can report an (s,t)-mincut C in O(|C|) time after the failure/insertion of any edge. b) There is an O(n) space data structure that can report the capacity of (s,t)-mincut after failure or insertion of any edge e in O(1) time if the capacity of edge e is known. A mincut for a vital edge e is an (s,t)-cut of the least capacity in which edge e is outgoing. For unweighted graphs, in a classical work, Picard and Queyranne [MPS 1982] designed an O(m) space directed acyclic graph (DAG) that stores and characterizes all mincuts for all vital edges. Conversely, there is a set containing at most n-1 (s,t)-cuts such that at least one mincut for every vital edge belongs to the set. We generalize these results for directed weighted graphs as follows. 3. Structural & Combinatorial Results: a) There is a set M containing at most n-1 (s,t)-cuts such that at least one mincut for every vital edge belongs to the set. This bound is tight as well. We also show that set M can be computed using O(n) maximum (s,t)-flow computations. b) We design two compact structures for storing and characterizing all mincuts for all vital edges - (i) an O(m) space DAG for partial and (ii) an O(mn) space structure for complete characterization. To arrive at our results, we develop new techniques, especially a generalization of maxflow-mincut Theorem by Ford and Fulkerson [CJM 1956], which might be of independent interest.

Cite as

Surender Baswana and Koustav Bhanja. Vital Edges for (s,t)-Mincut: Efficient Algorithms, Compact Structures, & Optimal Sensitivity Oracles. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 17:1-17:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{baswana_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.17,
  author =	{Baswana, Surender and Bhanja, Koustav},
  title =	{{Vital Edges for (s,t)-Mincut: Efficient Algorithms, Compact Structures, \& Optimal Sensitivity Oracles}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201601},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: maxflow, vital edges, graph algorithms, structures, st-cuts, sensitivity oracle}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
On the Space Usage of Approximate Distance Oracles with Sub-2 Stretch

Authors: Tsvi Kopelowitz, Ariel Korin, and Liam Roditty

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)


Abstract
For an undirected unweighted graph G = (V,E) with n vertices and m edges, let d(u,v) denote the distance from u ∈ V to v ∈ V in G. An (α,β)-stretch approximate distance oracle (ADO) for G is a data structure that given u,v ∈ V returns in constant (or near constant) time a value dˆ(u,v) such that d(u,v) ≤ dˆ(u,v) ≤ α⋅ d(u,v) + β, for some reals α > 1, β. Thorup and Zwick [Mikkel Thorup and Uri Zwick, 2005] showed that one cannot beat stretch 3 with subquadratic space (in terms of n) for general graphs. Pǎtraşcu and Roditty [Mihai Pǎtraşcu and Liam Roditty, 2010] showed that one can obtain stretch 2 using O(m^{1/3}n^{4/3}) space, and so if m is subquadratic in n then the space usage is also subquadratic. Moreover, Pǎtraşcu and Roditty [Mihai Pǎtraşcu and Liam Roditty, 2010] showed that one cannot beat stretch 2 with subquadratic space even for graphs where m = Õ(n), based on the set-intersection hypothesis. In this paper we explore the conditions for which an ADO can beat stretch 2 while using subquadratic space. In particular, we show that if the maximum degree in G is Δ_G ≤ O(n^{1/k-ε}) for some 0 < ε ≤ 1/k, then there exists an ADO for G that uses Õ(n^{2-(kε)/3) space and has a (2,1-k)-stretch. For k = 2 this result implies a subquadratic sub-2 stretch ADO for graphs with Δ_G ≤ O(n^{1/2-ε}). Moreover, we prove a conditional lower bound, based on the set intersection hypothesis, which states that for any positive integer k ≤ log n, obtaining a sub-(k+2)/k stretch for graphs with Δ_G = Θ(n^{1/k}) requires Ω̃(n²) space. Thus, for graphs with maximum degree Θ(n^{1/2}), obtaining a sub-2 stretch requires Ω̃(n²) space.

Cite as

Tsvi Kopelowitz, Ariel Korin, and Liam Roditty. On the Space Usage of Approximate Distance Oracles with Sub-2 Stretch. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 101:1-101:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{kopelowitz_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.101,
  author =	{Kopelowitz, Tsvi and Korin, Ariel and Roditty, Liam},
  title =	{{On the Space Usage of Approximate Distance Oracles with Sub-2 Stretch}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{101:1--101:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.101},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202443},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.101},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph algorithms, Approximate distance oracle, data structures, shortest path}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
An Improved Integrality Gap for Disjoint Cycles in Planar Graphs

Authors: Niklas Schlomberg

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)


Abstract
We present a new greedy rounding algorithm for the Cycle Packing Problem for uncrossable cycle families in planar graphs. This improves the best-known upper bound for the integrality gap of the natural packing LP to a constant slightly less than 3.5. Furthermore, the analysis works for both edge- and vertex-disjoint packing. The previously best-known constants were 4 for edge-disjoint and 5 for vertex-disjoint cycle packing. This result also immediately yields an improved Erdős-Pósa ratio: for any uncrossable cycle family in a planar graph, the minimum number of vertices (edges) needed to hit all cycles in the family is less than 8.38 times the maximum number of vertex-disjoint (edge-disjoint, respectively) cycles in the family. Some uncrossable cycle families of interest to which the result can be applied are the family of all cycles in a directed or undirected graph, in undirected graphs also the family of all odd cycles and the family of all cycles containing exactly one edge from a specified set of demand edges. The last example is an equivalent formulation of the fully planar Disjoint Paths Problem. Here the Erdős-Pósa ratio translates to a ratio between integral multi-commodity flows and minimum cuts.

Cite as

Niklas Schlomberg. An Improved Integrality Gap for Disjoint Cycles in Planar Graphs. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 122:1-122:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{schlomberg:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.122,
  author =	{Schlomberg, Niklas},
  title =	{{An Improved Integrality Gap for Disjoint Cycles in Planar Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{122:1--122:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.122},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202651},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.122},
  annote =	{Keywords: Cycle packing, planar graphs, disjoint paths}
}
Document
Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282)

Authors: James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Frank Wolter

Published in: Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2024)


Abstract
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning is a central, longstanding, and active area of Artificial Intelligence. Over the years it has evolved significantly; more recently it has been challenged and complemented by research in areas such as machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty. In July 2022,sser a Dagstuhl Perspectives workshop was held on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. The goal of the workshop was to describe the state of the art in the field, including its relation with other areas, its shortcomings and strengths, together with recommendations for future progress. We developed this manifesto based on the presentations, panels, working groups, and discussions that took place at the Dagstuhl Workshop. It is a declaration of our views on Knowledge Representation: its origins, goals, milestones, and current foci; its relation to other disciplines, especially to Artificial Intelligence; and on its challenges, along with key priorities for the next decade.

Cite as

James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Frank Wolter. Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282). In Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 1-61, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@Article{delgrande_et_al:DagMan.10.1.1,
  author =	{Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank},
  title =	{{Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282)}},
  pages =	{1--61},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Manifestos},
  ISSN =	{2193-2433},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{10},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201403},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Knowledge representation and reasoning, Applications of logics, Declarative representations, Formal logic}
}
Document
Survey
Towards Representing Processes and Reasoning with Process Descriptions on the Web

Authors: Andreas Harth, Tobias Käfer, Anisa Rula, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Eduard Kamburjan, and Martin Giese

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1


Abstract
We work towards a vocabulary to represent processes and temporal logic specifications as graph-structured data. Different fields use incompatible terminologies for describing essentially the same process-related concepts. In addition, processes can be represented from different perspectives and levels of abstraction: both state-centric and event-centric perspectives offer distinct insights into the underlying processes. In this work, we strive to unify the representation of processes and related concepts by leveraging the power of knowledge graphs. We survey approaches to representing processes and reasoning with process descriptions from different fields and provide a selection of scenarios to help inform the scope of a unified representation of processes. We focus on processes that can be executed and observed via web interfaces. We propose to provide a representation designed to combine state-centric and event-centric perspectives while incorporating temporal querying and reasoning capabilities on temporal logic specifications. A standardised vocabulary and representation for processes and temporal specifications would contribute towards bridging the gap between the terminologies from different fields and fostering the broader application of methods involving temporal logics, such as formal verification and program synthesis.

Cite as

Andreas Harth, Tobias Käfer, Anisa Rula, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Eduard Kamburjan, and Martin Giese. Towards Representing Processes and Reasoning with Process Descriptions on the Web. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 1:1-1:32, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@Article{harth_et_al:TGDK.2.1.1,
  author =	{Harth, Andreas and K\"{a}fer, Tobias and Rula, Anisa and Calbimonte, Jean-Paul and Kamburjan, Eduard and Giese, Martin},
  title =	{{Towards Representing Processes and Reasoning with Process Descriptions on the Web}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{1:1--1:32},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198583},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Process modelling, Process ontology, Temporal logic, Web services}
}
Document
On the Giant Component of Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs

Authors: Thomas Bläsius, Tobias Friedrich, Maximilian Katzmann, Janosch Ruff, and Ziena Zeif

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 274, 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)


Abstract
In this paper we study the threshold model of geometric inhomogeneous random graphs (GIRGs); a generative random graph model that is closely related to hyperbolic random graphs (HRGs). These models have been observed to capture complex real-world networks well with respect to the structural and algorithmic properties. Following comprehensive studies regarding their connectivity, i.e., which parts of the graphs are connected, we have a good understanding under which circumstances a giant component (containing a constant fraction of the graph) emerges. While previous results are rather technical and challenging to work with, the goal of this paper is to provide more accessible proofs. At the same time we significantly improve the previously known probabilistic guarantees, showing that GIRGs contain a giant component with probability 1 - exp(-Ω(n^{(3-τ)/2})) for graph size n and a degree distribution with power-law exponent τ ∈ (2, 3). Based on that we additionally derive insights about the connectivity of certain induced subgraphs of GIRGs.

Cite as

Thomas Bläsius, Tobias Friedrich, Maximilian Katzmann, Janosch Ruff, and Ziena Zeif. On the Giant Component of Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs. In 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 274, pp. 20:1-20:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{blasius_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2023.20,
  author =	{Bl\"{a}sius, Thomas and Friedrich, Tobias and Katzmann, Maximilian and Ruff, Janosch and Zeif, Ziena},
  title =	{{On the Giant Component of Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-295-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{274},
  editor =	{G{\o}rtz, Inge Li and Farach-Colton, Martin and Puglisi, Simon J. and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-186737},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: geometric inhomogeneous random graphs, connectivity, giant component}
}
Document
Solving Directed Feedback Vertex Set by Iterative Reduction to Vertex Cover

Authors: Sebastian Angrick, Ben Bals, Katrin Casel, Sarel Cohen, Tobias Friedrich, Niko Hastrich, Theresa Hradilak, Davis Issac, Otto Kißig, Jonas Schmidt, and Leo Wendt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 265, 21st International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2023)


Abstract
In the Directed Feedback Vertex Set (DFVS) problem, one is given a directed graph G = (V,E) and wants to find a minimum cardinality set S ⊆ V such that G-S is acyclic. DFVS is a fundamental problem in computer science and finds applications in areas such as deadlock detection. The problem was the subject of the 2022 PACE coding challenge. We develop a novel exact algorithm for the problem that is tailored to perform well on instances that are mostly bi-directed. For such instances, we adapt techniques from the well-researched vertex cover problem. Our core idea is an iterative reduction to vertex cover. To this end, we also develop a new reduction rule that reduces the number of not bi-directed edges. With the resulting algorithm, we were able to win third place in the exact track of the PACE challenge. We perform computational experiments and compare the running time to other exact algorithms, in particular to the winning algorithm in PACE. Our experiments show that we outpace the other algorithms on instances that have a low density of uni-directed edges.

Cite as

Sebastian Angrick, Ben Bals, Katrin Casel, Sarel Cohen, Tobias Friedrich, Niko Hastrich, Theresa Hradilak, Davis Issac, Otto Kißig, Jonas Schmidt, and Leo Wendt. Solving Directed Feedback Vertex Set by Iterative Reduction to Vertex Cover. In 21st International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 265, pp. 10:1-10:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{angrick_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2023.10,
  author =	{Angrick, Sebastian and Bals, Ben and Casel, Katrin and Cohen, Sarel and Friedrich, Tobias and Hastrich, Niko and Hradilak, Theresa and Issac, Davis and Ki{\ss}ig, Otto and Schmidt, Jonas and Wendt, Leo},
  title =	{{Solving Directed Feedback Vertex Set by Iterative Reduction to Vertex Cover}},
  booktitle =	{21st International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2023)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-279-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{265},
  editor =	{Georgiadis, Loukas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2023.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183602},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2023.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: directed feedback vertex set, vertex cover, reduction rules}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
Fault-Tolerant ST-Diameter Oracles

Authors: Davide Bilò, Keerti Choudhary, Sarel Cohen, Tobias Friedrich, Simon Krogmann, and Martin Schirneck

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)


Abstract
We study the problem of estimating the ST-diameter of a graph that is subject to a bounded number of edge failures. An f-edge fault-tolerant ST-diameter oracle (f-FDO-ST) is a data structure that preprocesses a given graph G, two sets of vertices S,T, and positive integer f. When queried with a set F of at most f edges, the oracle returns an estimate D̂ of the ST-diameter diam(G-F,S,T), the maximum distance between vertices in S and T in G-F. The oracle has stretch σ ⩾ 1 if diam(G-F,S,T) ⩽ D̂ ⩽ σ diam(G-F,S,T). If S and T both contain all vertices, the data structure is called an f-edge fault-tolerant diameter oracle (f-FDO). An f-edge fault-tolerant distance sensitivity oracles (f-DSO) estimates the pairwise graph distances under up to f failures. We design new f-FDOs and f-FDO-STs by reducing their construction to that of all-pairs and single-source f-DSOs. We obtain several new tradeoffs between the size of the data structure, stretch guarantee, query and preprocessing times for diameter oracles by combining our black-box reductions with known results from the literature. We also provide an information-theoretic lower bound on the space requirement of approximate f-FDOs. We show that there exists a family of graphs for which any f-FDO with sensitivity f ⩾ 2 and stretch less than 5/3 requires Ω(n^{3/2}) bits of space, regardless of the query time.

Cite as

Davide Bilò, Keerti Choudhary, Sarel Cohen, Tobias Friedrich, Simon Krogmann, and Martin Schirneck. Fault-Tolerant ST-Diameter Oracles. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 24:1-24:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{bilo_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.24,
  author =	{Bil\`{o}, Davide and Choudhary, Keerti and Cohen, Sarel and Friedrich, Tobias and Krogmann, Simon and Schirneck, Martin},
  title =	{{Fault-Tolerant ST-Diameter Oracles}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180762},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: diameter oracles, distance sensitivity oracles, space lower bounds, fault-tolerant data structures}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
Cliques in High-Dimensional Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs

Authors: Tobias Friedrich, Andreas Göbel, Maximilian Katzmann, and Leon Schiller

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)


Abstract
A recent trend in the context of graph theory is to bring theoretical analyses closer to empirical observations, by focusing the studies on random graph models that are used to represent practical instances. There, it was observed that geometric inhomogeneous random graphs (GIRGs) yield good representations of complex real-world networks, by expressing edge probabilities as a function that depends on (heterogeneous) vertex weights and distances in some underlying geometric space that the vertices are distributed in. While most of the parameters of the model are understood well, it was unclear how the dimensionality of the ground space affects the structure of the graphs. In this paper, we complement existing research into the dimension of geometric random graph models and the ongoing study of determining the dimensionality of real-world networks, by studying how the structure of GIRGs changes as the number of dimensions increases. We prove that, in the limit, GIRGs approach non-geometric inhomogeneous random graphs and present insights on how quickly the decay of the geometry impacts important graph structures. In particular, we study the expected number of cliques of a given size as well as the clique number and characterize phase transitions at which their behavior changes fundamentally. Finally, our insights help in better understanding previous results about the impact of the dimensionality on geometric random graphs.

Cite as

Tobias Friedrich, Andreas Göbel, Maximilian Katzmann, and Leon Schiller. Cliques in High-Dimensional Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 62:1-62:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{friedrich_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.62,
  author =	{Friedrich, Tobias and G\"{o}bel, Andreas and Katzmann, Maximilian and Schiller, Leon},
  title =	{{Cliques in High-Dimensional Geometric Inhomogeneous Random Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{62:1--62:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.62},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181147},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.62},
  annote =	{Keywords: random graphs, geometry, dimensionality, cliques, clique number, scale-free networks}
}
Document
Fair Correlation Clustering in Forests

Authors: Katrin Casel, Tobias Friedrich, Martin Schirneck, and Simon Wietheger

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 256, 4th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2023)


Abstract
The study of algorithmic fairness received growing attention recently. This stems from the awareness that bias in the input data for machine learning systems may result in discriminatory outputs. For clustering tasks, one of the most central notions of fairness is the formalization by Chierichetti, Kumar, Lattanzi, and Vassilvitskii [NeurIPS 2017]. A clustering is said to be fair, if each cluster has the same distribution of manifestations of a sensitive attribute as the whole input set. This is motivated by various applications where the objects to be clustered have sensitive attributes that should not be over- or underrepresented. Most research on this version of fair clustering has focused on centriod-based objectives. In contrast, we discuss the applicability of this fairness notion to Correlation Clustering. The existing literature on the resulting Fair Correlation Clustering problem either presents approximation algorithms with poor approximation guarantees or severely limits the possible distributions of the sensitive attribute (often only two manifestations with a 1:1 ratio are considered). Our goal is to understand if there is hope for better results in between these two extremes. To this end, we consider restricted graph classes which allow us to characterize the distributions of sensitive attributes for which this form of fairness is tractable from a complexity point of view. While existing work on Fair Correlation Clustering gives approximation algorithms, we focus on exact solutions and investigate whether there are efficiently solvable instances. The unfair version of Correlation Clustering is trivial on forests, but adding fairness creates a surprisingly rich picture of complexities. We give an overview of the distributions and types of forests where Fair Correlation Clustering turns from tractable to intractable. As the most surprising insight, we consider the fact that the cause of the hardness of Fair Correlation Clustering is not the strictness of the fairness condition. We lift most of our results to also hold for the relaxed version of the fairness condition. Instead, the source of hardness seems to be the distribution of the sensitive attribute. On the positive side, we identify some reasonable distributions that are indeed tractable. While this tractability is only shown for forests, it may open an avenue to design reasonable approximations for larger graph classes.

Cite as

Katrin Casel, Tobias Friedrich, Martin Schirneck, and Simon Wietheger. Fair Correlation Clustering in Forests. In 4th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 256, pp. 9:1-9:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{casel_et_al:LIPIcs.FORC.2023.9,
  author =	{Casel, Katrin and Friedrich, Tobias and Schirneck, Martin and Wietheger, Simon},
  title =	{{Fair Correlation Clustering in Forests}},
  booktitle =	{4th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2023)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-272-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{256},
  editor =	{Talwar, Kunal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2023.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-179307},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2023.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: correlation clustering, disparate impact, fair clustering, relaxed fairness}
}
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