Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121

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09121 Abstracts Collection – Normative Multi-Agent Systems

Authors: Guido Boella, Pablo Noriega, and Gabriella Pigozzi

Abstract

From 15.03. to 20.03.2009, the Dagstuhl Seminar 09121 ``Normative Multi-Agent Systems '' was held in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general.

Cite as

Guido Boella, Pablo Noriega, and Gabriella Pigozzi. 09121 Abstracts Collection – Normative Multi-Agent Systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{boella_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.1,
  author =	{Boella, Guido and Noriega, Pablo and Pigozzi, Gabriella},
  title =	{{09121 Abstracts Collection – Normative Multi-Agent Systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19229},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Similarity-based clustering and classification, metric adaptation and kernel design, learning on graphs, spatiotemporal data}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.2

Normative Systems in Computer Science - Ten Guidelines for Normative Multiagent Systems

Authors: Guido Boella, Gabriella Pigozzi, and Leendert van der Torre

Abstract

In this paper we introduce and discuss ten guidelines for the use of normative systems in computer science. We adopt a multiagent sys- tems perspective, because norms are used to coordinate, organize, guide, regulate or control interaction among distributed autonomous systems. The first six guidelines are derived from the computer science literature. From the so-called ‘normchange’ definition of the first workshop on nor- mative multiagent systems in 2005 we derive the guidelines to motivate which definition of normative multiagent system is used, to make explicit why norms are a kind of (soft) constraints deserving special analysis, and to explain why and how norms can be changed at runtime. From the so-called ‘mechanism design’ definition of the second workshop on nor- mative multiagent systems in 2007 we derive the guidelines to discuss the use and role of norms as a mechanism in a game-theoretic setting, clarify the role of norms in the multiagent system, and to relate the no- tion of “norm” to the legal, social, or moral literature. The remaining four guidelines follow from the philosophical literature: use norms also to resolve dilemmas, and in general to coordinate, organize, guide, regulate or control interaction among agents, distinguish norms from obligations, prohibitions and permissions, use the deontic paradoxes only to illustrate the normative multiagent system, and consider regulative norms in rela- tion to other kinds of norms and other social-cognitive computer science concepts.

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Guido Boella, Gabriella Pigozzi, and Leendert van der Torre. Normative Systems in Computer Science - Ten Guidelines for Normative Multiagent Systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{boella_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.2,
  author =	{Boella, Guido and Pigozzi, Gabriella and van der Torre, Leendert},
  title =	{{Normative Systems in Computer Science - Ten Guidelines for Normative Multiagent Systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--21},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19029},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative systems - Guidelines - Norms - Multiagent systems - Deontic logic}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3

A categorization of simulation works on norms

Authors: Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Stephen Cranefield

Abstract

In multi-agent systems, software agents are modelled to possess characteristics and behaviour borrowed from human societies. Norms are expectations of behaviours of the agents in a society. Norms can be established in a society in different ways. In human societies, there are several types of norms such as moral norms, social norms and legal norms (laws). In artificial agent societies, the designers can impose these norms on the agents. Being autonomous, agents might not always follow the norms. Monitoring and controlling mechanisms should be in place to enforce norms. As the agents are autonomous, they themselves can evolve new norms while adapting to changing needs. In order to design and develop robust artificial agent societies, it is important to understand different approaches proposed by researchers by which norms can spread and emerge within agent societies. This paper makes two contributions to the study of norms. Firstly, based on the simulation works on norms, we propose a life-cycle model for norms. Secondly, we discuss different mechanisms used by researchers to study norm creation, spreading, enforcement and emergence.

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Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Stephen Cranefield. A categorization of simulation works on norms. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{savarimuthu_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.3,
  author =	{Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy and Cranefield, Stephen},
  title =	{{A categorization of simulation works on norms}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--20},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19057},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norms, creation, spreading, enforcement, emergence}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.4

A convention or (tacit) agreement betwixt us

Authors: Giulia Andrighetto, Luca Tummolini, Cristiano Castelfranchi, and Rosaria Conte

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to show that conventions are sources of tacit agreements. Such agreements are tacit in the sense that they are implicated by what the agents do (or forbear to do) though without that any communication between them be necessary. Conventions are sources of tacit agreements under two substantial assumptions: (1) that there is a salient interpretation, in some contexts, of every-one’s silence as confirmatory of the others’ expectations, and (2) that the agents share a value of not hostility. To characterize the normativity of agreements the Principle of Reliability is introduced.

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Giulia Andrighetto, Luca Tummolini, Cristiano Castelfranchi, and Rosaria Conte. A convention or (tacit) agreement betwixt us. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{andrighetto_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.4,
  author =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Tummolini, Luca and Castelfranchi, Cristiano and Conte, Rosaria},
  title =	{{A convention or (tacit) agreement betwixt us}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--28},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19194},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Agreement, convention, norm, pragmatics}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.5

A Conviviality Measure for Early Requirement Phase

Authors: Patrice Caire and Leendert van der Torre

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the design of convivial multi-agent systems. Conviviality has recently been proposed as a social concept to develop multi-agent systems. In this paper we introduce temporal dependence networks to model the evolution of dependence networks and conviviality over time, we introduce epistemic dependence networks to combine the viewpoints of stakeholders, and we introduce normative dependence networks to model the transformation of social dependencies by hiding power relations and social structures to facilitate social interactions. We show how to use these visual languages in design, and we illustrate the design method using an example on virtual children adoptions.

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Patrice Caire and Leendert van der Torre. A Conviviality Measure for Early Requirement Phase. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{caire_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.5,
  author =	{Caire, Patrice and van der Torre, Leendert},
  title =	{{A Conviviality Measure for Early Requirement Phase}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--16},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-18999},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-agent systems}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.6

A Framework for Normative MultiAgent Organisations

Authors: Olivier Boissier and Jomi Fred Hübner

Abstract

The social and organisational aspects of agency have led to a good amount of theoretical work in terms of formal models and theories. From these different works normative multiagent systems and multiagent organisations are particularily considered in this paper. Embodying such models and theories in the conception and engineering of proper infrastructures that achieve requirements of openness and adaptation, is still an open issue. In this direction, this paper presents and discusses a framework for normative multiagent organisations. Based on the Agents and Artifacts meta-model (A&A), it introduces organisational artifacts as first class entities to instrument the normative organisation for supporting agents activities within it.

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Olivier Boissier and Jomi Fred Hübner. A Framework for Normative MultiAgent Organisations. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{boissier_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.6,
  author =	{Boissier, Olivier and H\"{u}bner, Jomi Fred},
  title =	{{A Framework for Normative MultiAgent Organisations}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--25},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19033},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative system, organisation, artifacts, norm enforcement}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.7

A modal logic for reasoning on consistency and completeness of regulations

Authors: Christophe Garion, Stéphanie Roussel, and Laurence Cholvy

Abstract

In this paper, we deal with regulations that may exist in multi-agent systems in order to regulate agent behaviour and we discuss two properties of regulations, that is consistency and completeness. After defining what consistency and completeness mean, we propose a way to consistently complete incomplete regulations. In this contribution, we extend previous works and we consider that regulations are expressed in a first order modal deontic logic.

Cite as

Christophe Garion, Stéphanie Roussel, and Laurence Cholvy. A modal logic for reasoning on consistency and completeness of regulations. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{garion_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.7,
  author =	{Garion, Christophe and Roussel, St\'{e}phanie and Cholvy, Laurence},
  title =	{{A modal logic for reasoning on consistency and completeness of regulations}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19047},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Regulations, consistency, completeness, deontic logic, default logic}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.8

A note on brute vs. institutional facts

Authors: Davide Grossi

Abstract

The paper investigates the famous Searlean distinction between "brute" and "institutional" concepts from a logical point of view. We show how the partitioning of the non-logical alphabet—e.g., into "brute" and "institutional" atoms—gives rise to interesting modal properties. A modal logic, called UpTo-logic, is introduced and investigated which formalizes the notion of (propositional) logical equivalence up to a given signature.

Cite as

Davide Grossi. A note on brute vs. institutional facts. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{grossi:DagSemProc.09121.8,
  author =	{Grossi, Davide},
  title =	{{A note on brute vs. institutional facts}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--10},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19103},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Modal logic, brute and institutional facts}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.9

A Taxonomy for Ensuring Institutional Compliance in Utility Computing

Authors: Tina Balke

Abstract

With the ongoing evolution from closed to open distributed systems and the lifting of the assumption that agents acting in such a system do not pursue own goals and act in the best interest of the society, new problems arise. One of them is that compliance cannot be assumed necessarily and consequently trust issues arise. One way of tackling this problem is by regulating the behavior of the agents with the help of institutions. However for institutions to function effectively their compliance needs to be ensured. Using a utility computing scenario as sample application, this paper presents a general applicable taxonomy for ensuring compliance that can be consulted for analyzing, comparing and developing enforcement strategies and hopefully will stimulate research in this area.

Cite as

Tina Balke. A Taxonomy for Ensuring Institutional Compliance in Utility Computing. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{balke:DagSemProc.09121.9,
  author =	{Balke, Tina},
  title =	{{A Taxonomy for Ensuring Institutional Compliance in Utility Computing}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19012},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Institutions, Compliance, Enforcement, Regimentation, Norms, Sanctions, Utility Computing}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.10

An essay on msic-systems

Authors: Jan Odelstad

Abstract

A theory of many-sorted implicative conceptual systems (abbreviated msic-systems) is outlined. Examples of msic-systems include legal systems, normative systems, systems of rules and instructions, and systems expressing policies and various kinds of scientific theories. In computer science, msic-systems can be used in, for instance, legal information systems, decision support systems, and multi-agent systems. In this essay, msic-systems are approached from a logical and algebraic perspective aiming at clarifying their structure and developing effective methods for representing them. Of special interest are the most narrow links or joinings between different strata in a system, that is between subsystems of different sorts of concepts, and the intermediate concepts intervening between such strata. Special emphasis is put on normative systems, and the role that intermediate concepts play in such systems, with an eye on knowledge representation issues. In this essay, normative concepts are constructed out of descriptive concepts using operators based on the Kanger-Lindahl theory of normative positions. An abstract architecture for a norm-regulated multi-agent system is suggested, containing a scheme for how normative positions will restrict the set of actions that the agents are permitted to choose from.

Cite as

Jan Odelstad. An essay on msic-systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-39, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{odelstad:DagSemProc.09121.10,
  author =	{Odelstad, Jan},
  title =	{{An essay on msic-systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--39},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19146},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Concept formation, Intermediary, Intermediate concept, Legal concept, Normative system, Normative position, Norm-regulated system, Agent architecture.}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.11

Argumentation based Resolution of Conflicts Between Desires and Normative Goals

Authors: Sanjay Modgil and Michael Luck

Abstract

Norms represent what ought to be done, and their fulfillment can be seen as benefiting the overall system, society or organisation. However, individual agent goals (desire) may conflict with system norms. If a decision to comply with a norm is determined exclusively by an agent or, conversely, if norms are rigidly enforced, then system performance may be degraded, and individual agent goals may be inappropriately obstructed. To prevent such deleterious effects we propose a general framework for argumentation-based resolution of conflicts amongst desires and norms. In this framework, arguments for and against compliance are arguments justifying rewards, respectively punishments, exacted by `enforcing' agents. The arguments are evaluated in a recent extension to Dung's abstract argumentation framework, in order that the agents can engage in metalevel argumentation as to whether the rewards and punishments have the required motivational force. We provide an example instantiation of the framework based on a logic programming formalism.

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Sanjay Modgil and Michael Luck. Argumentation based Resolution of Conflicts Between Desires and Normative Goals. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{modgil_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.11,
  author =	{Modgil, Sanjay and Luck, Michael},
  title =	{{Argumentation based Resolution of Conflicts Between Desires and Normative Goals}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--18},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19124},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Argumentation, Norms, Desires, Conflicts}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.12

Contract Formation through Preemptive Normative Conflict Resolution

Authors: Wamberto Vasconcelos and Timothy J. Norman

Abstract

We explore a rule-based formalisation for contracts: the rules capture conditional norms, that is, they describe situations arising during the enactment of a multi-agent system, and norms that arise from these situations. However, such rules may establish conflicting norms, that is, norms which simultaneously prohibit and oblige (or prohibit and permit) agents to perform particular actions. We propose to use a mechanism to detect and resolve normative conflicts in a preemptive fashion: these mechanisms are used to analyse a contract and suggest "amendments" to the clauses of the contract. These amendments narrow down the scope of influence of norms and avoid normative conflicts. Agents propose rules and their amendments, leading to a contract in which no conflicts may arise.

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Wamberto Vasconcelos and Timothy J. Norman. Contract Formation through Preemptive Normative Conflict Resolution. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{vasconcelos_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.12,
  author =	{Vasconcelos, Wamberto and Norman, Timothy J.},
  title =	{{Contract Formation through Preemptive Normative Conflict Resolution}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--18},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19207},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative Conflict, Contracts}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.13

Distrust is not Always the Complement of Trust (Position Paper)

Authors: Celia da Costa Pereira

Abstract

We believe that distrust can be as important as trust when agents are making a decision. An agent may not trust a source because of lack of positive evidence, but this does not necessarily mean the agent distrusts the source. Trust and distrust have to be considered as two separate concepts which can coexist. We are aware that an adequate way to take this fact into account is by considering explicitly not only the agent's degree of trust in a source but also its independent degree of distrust. Explicitly taking distrust into account allows us to mark a clear difference between the distinct notions of negative trust and insufficient trust. More precisely, it is possible, unlike in approaches where only trust is explicitly accounted for, to "weigh" differently information from helpful, malicious, unknown, or neutral sources.

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Celia da Costa Pereira. Distrust is not Always the Complement of Trust (Position Paper). In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{dacostapereira:DagSemProc.09121.13,
  author =	{da Costa Pereira, Celia},
  title =	{{Distrust is not Always the Complement of Trust (Position Paper)}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--8},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19154},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Trust, Distrust, Decision Making}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.14

Dynamic Context Logic and its Application to Norm

Authors: Guillaume Aucher, Davide Grossi, Andreas Herzig, and Emiliano Lorini

Abstract

Building on a simple modal logic of context, the paper presents a dynamic logic characterizing operations of contraction and expansion on theories. We investigate the mathematical properties of the logic, and use it to develop an axiomatic and semantic analysis of norm change in normative systems. The proposed analysis advances the state of the art by providing a formal semantics of norm-change which, at the same time, takes into account several different aspects of the phenomenon, such as permission and obligation dynamics, as well as the dynamics of classificatory rules.

Cite as

Guillaume Aucher, Davide Grossi, Andreas Herzig, and Emiliano Lorini. Dynamic Context Logic and its Application to Norm. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{aucher_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.14,
  author =	{Aucher, Guillaume and Grossi, Davide and Herzig, Andreas and Lorini, Emiliano},
  title =	{{Dynamic Context Logic and its Application to Norm}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--13},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19009},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Context logic, norm change, deontic logic}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.15

Early requirements engineering for e-customs decision support: Assessing overlap in mental models

Authors: Brigitte Burgemeestre, Jianwei Liu, Joris Hulstijn, and Yao-Hua Tan

Abstract

Developing decision support systems is a complex process. It involves stakeholders with diverging interpretations of the task and domain. In this paper, we propose to use ontology mapping to make a detailed analysis of the overlaps and differences between mental models of stakeholders. The technique is applied to an extensive case study about EU customs regulations. Companies which can demonstrate to be ‘in control’ of the safety and security in the supply chain, may become ‘Authorized Economic Operator’ (AEO), and avoid inspections by customs. We focus on a decision support tool, AEO Digiscan, developed to assist companies with an AEO self-assessment. We compared the mental models of customs officials, with mental models of the developers of the tool. The results highlight important differences in the interpretation of the new regulations, which will lead to adaptations of the tool.

Cite as

Brigitte Burgemeestre, Jianwei Liu, Joris Hulstijn, and Yao-Hua Tan. Early requirements engineering for e-customs decision support: Assessing overlap in mental models. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{burgemeestre_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.15,
  author =	{Burgemeestre, Brigitte and Liu, Jianwei and Hulstijn, Joris and Tan, Yao-Hua},
  title =	{{Early requirements engineering for e-customs decision support: Assessing overlap in mental models}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19164},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: E-government, shared mental models, decision support systems}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.16

FSL – Fibred Security Language

Authors: Valerio Genovese, Dov M. Gabbay, Guido Boella, and Leendert van der Torre

Abstract

We develop a fibred security language capable to express statements of the form begin{center} ${x }varphi (x) says psi$ end{center} where ${x}varphi (x)$ is the set of all $x$ that satisfy $varphi$ and $psi$ is any formula. $varphi$ and $psi$ may share several free variables. For example, we can express the following: "A member $m$ of the Program Committee can not accept a paper $P_1$ in which one of its authors says that he has published a paper with him after 2007" begin{center} $ eg({m} [PC(m) wedge {y}author\_of(y,P_1) extbf{ says } exists p(paper(p) wedge author\_of(m,p) wedge author\_of(y,p) wedge year(p) geq 2007)] extbf{ says } accept(P_1))$ end{center}

Cite as

Valerio Genovese, Dov M. Gabbay, Guido Boella, and Leendert van der Torre. FSL – Fibred Security Language. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{genovese_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.16,
  author =	{Genovese, Valerio and Gabbay, Dov M. and Boella, Guido and van der Torre, Leendert},
  title =	{{FSL – Fibred Security Language}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--29},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19083},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Access Control, Trust Management, Fibring Logics}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.17

How Do Agents Comply with Norms?

Authors: Guido Governatori and Antonino Rotolo

Abstract

The import of the notion of institution in the design of MASs requires to develop formal and efficient methods for modeling the interaction between agents' behaviour and normative systems. This paper discusses how to check whether agents' behaviour is compliant with the rules regulating them. The key point of our approach is that compliance is a relationship between two sets of specifications: the specifications for executing a process and the specifications regulating it. We propose a logic-based formalism for describing both the semantics of normative specifications and the semantics of compliance checking procedures.

Cite as

Guido Governatori and Antonino Rotolo. How Do Agents Comply with Norms?. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{governatori_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.17,
  author =	{Governatori, Guido and Rotolo, Antonino},
  title =	{{How Do Agents Comply with Norms?}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--19},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19090},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Compliance, agents, violations, norms}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.18

Massively multiple online role playing games as normative multiagent systems

Authors: Johansson Magnus and Harko Verhagen

Abstract

The latest advancements in computer games offer a domain of human and artificial agent behaviour well suited for analysis and development based on normative multi agent systems research. One of the most influential gaming trends today, Massively Multi Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG), poses new questions about the interaction between the players in the game. If we model the players and groups of players in these games as multiagent systems with the possibility to create norms and sanction norm violations we have to create a way to describe the different kind of norms that may appear in these situations. Certain situations in MMORPG are subject to discussions about how norms are created and propagated in a group, one such example involves the sleeper in the game Everquest, from Sony Online Entertainment (SOE). The Sleeper was at first designed to be unkillable, but after some events and some considerations from SOE the sleeper was finally killed. The most interesting aspect of the story about the sleeper is how we can interpret the norms being created in this example. We propose a framework to analyse the norms involved in the interaction between players and groups in MMORPG. We argue that our model adds complexity where we find earlier norm typologies lacking some descriptive power of this phenomenon, and we can even describe and understand the confusing event with the sleeper in Everquest.

Cite as

Johansson Magnus and Harko Verhagen. Massively multiple online role playing games as normative multiagent systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{magnus_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.18,
  author =	{Magnus, Johansson and Verhagen, Harko},
  title =	{{Massively multiple online role playing games as normative multiagent systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--16},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-18953},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norms, MMORPG}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.19

Modeling and Validating Norms

Authors: Viviane Torres da Silva and Christiano Braga

Abstract

Norms describe the permissions, prohibitions and obligations of agents in multi-agent systems in order to regulate their behavior. In this paper we propose a normative modeling language that makes possible the modeling of norms motivating the modeling of such norms together with the non-normative part of the system. In addition, we also propose a mechanism to validate the norms at design time, i.e., to check if the norms respect the constraints defined by the language and also their possible conflicts.

Cite as

Viviane Torres da Silva and Christiano Braga. Modeling and Validating Norms. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{torresdasilva_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.19,
  author =	{Torres da Silva, Viviane and Braga, Christiano},
  title =	{{Modeling and Validating Norms}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--16},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19188},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norm, modeling, validation, conflict, metamodel}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.20

Monitoring Social Expectations in Second Life

Authors: Stephen Cranefield and Guannan Li

Abstract

Online virtual worlds such as Second Life provide a rich medium for unstructured human interaction in a shared simulated 3D environment. However, many human interactions take place in a structured social context where participants play particular roles and are subject to expectations governing their behaviour, and current virtual worlds do not provide any support for this type of interaction. There is therefore an opportunity to adapt the tools developed in the MAS community for structured social interactions between software agents (inspired by human society) and adapt these for use with the computer-mediated human communication provided by virtual worlds. This paper describes the application of one such tool for use with Second Life. A model checker for online monitoring of social expectations defined in temporal logic has been integrated with Second Life, allowing users to be notified when their expectations of others have been fulfilled or violated. Avatar actions in the virtual world are detected by a script, encoded as propositions and sent to the model checker, along with the social expectation rules to be monitored. Notifications of expectation fulfilment and violation are returned to the script to be displayed to the user. This utility of this tool is reliant on the ability of the Linden scripting language (LSL) to detect events of significance in the application domain, and a discussion is presented on how a range of monitored structured social scenarios could be realised despite the limitations of LSL.

Cite as

Stephen Cranefield and Guannan Li. Monitoring Social Expectations in Second Life. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{cranefield_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.20,
  author =	{Cranefield, Stephen and Li, Guannan},
  title =	{{Monitoring Social Expectations in Second Life}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--12},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19068},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Virtual worlds, Second Life, social expectations}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.21

Normal = Normative? The Role of Intelligent Agents in Norm Innovation

Authors: Giulia Andrighetto, Marco Campennì, Federico Cecconi, and Rosaria Conte

Abstract

In this paper the results of several agent-based simulations, aiming to test the role of normative beliefs in the emergence and innovation of social norms, are presented and discussed. Rather than mere behavioral regularities, norms are here seen as behaviors spreading to the extent that and because the corresponding commands and beliefs do spread as well. On the grounds of such a view, the present work will endeavour to show that a sudden external constraint (e.g. a barrier preventing agents from moving among social settings) facilitates norm innovation: under such a condition, agents provided with a module for telling what a norm is can generate new (social) norms by forming new normative beliefs, irrespective of the most frequent actions.

Cite as

Giulia Andrighetto, Marco Campennì, Federico Cecconi, and Rosaria Conte. Normal = Normative? The Role of Intelligent Agents in Norm Innovation. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{andrighetto_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.21,
  author =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Campenn\`{\i}, Marco and Cecconi, Federico and Conte, Rosaria},
  title =	{{Normal = Normative? The Role of Intelligent Agents in Norm Innovation}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--14},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-18980},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norm emergence, agent based simulation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.22

NorMAS-RE: a Normative Multiagent Approach to Requirements Engineering

Authors: Serena Villata

Abstract

In this paper we present a new model, called NorMAS-RE, for the requirements analysis of a system. NorMAS-RE is a new model based on the multiagent systems paradigm with the aim to support the requirements analysis phase of systems design. This model offers a structured approach to requirements analysis, based on conceptual models defined following a visual modeling language, called dependence networks. The main elements of this visual language are the agents with their goals, capabilities and facts, similarly to the TROPOS methodology [10]. The normative component is present both in the ontology and in the conceptual metamodel, associating agents to roles they play inside the systems and a set of goals, capabilities and facts proper of these roles. This improvement allows to define different types of dependence networks, called dynamic dependence networks and conditional dependence networks, representing the different phases of the requirements analysis of the system. This paper presents a requirements analysis model based on normative concepts such as obligation and institution. The NorMAS-RE model is a model of semiformal specification featured by an ontology, a meta-model, a graphical notation and a set of constraints. Our model, moreover, allows the definition of the notion of coalition for the different kinds of network. We present our model using the scenario of virtual organizations based on a Grid network.

Cite as

Serena Villata. NorMAS-RE: a Normative Multiagent Approach to Requirements Engineering. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-32, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{villata:DagSemProc.09121.22,
  author =	{Villata, Serena},
  title =	{{NorMAS-RE: a Normative Multiagent Approach to Requirements Engineering}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--32},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-18966},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Conditional dependence networks, obligations, sanctions, contrary to duty, requirements analysis}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.23

Normative Multi-Agent Programs and Their Logics

Authors: Mehdi Dastani, Davide Grossi, John-Jules Meyer, and Nick Tinnemeier

Abstract

Multi-agent systems are viewed as consisting of individual agents whose behaviors are regulated by an organization artefact. This paper presents a simplified version of a programming language that is designed to implement norm-based artefacts. Such artefacts are specified in terms of norms being enforced by monitoring, regimenting and sanctioning mechanisms. The syntax and operational semantics of the programming language are introduced and discussed. A logic is presented that can be used to specify and verify properties of programs developed in this language.

Cite as

Mehdi Dastani, Davide Grossi, John-Jules Meyer, and Nick Tinnemeier. Normative Multi-Agent Programs and Their Logics. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{dastani_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.23,
  author =	{Dastani, Mehdi and Grossi, Davide and Meyer, John-Jules and Tinnemeier, Nick},
  title =	{{Normative Multi-Agent Programs and Their Logics}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--16},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19079},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative Multi-Agent Systems, Programming Multi-Agent Systems}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.24

On dissemination mechanism of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Analysis with agent simulation

Authors: Takashi Hashimoto, Naoto Shinohara, and Susumu Egashira

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), such as pro-environmental behaviour and fair trade, is a kind of normative behaviour by private companies to provide a quasi-public good. We study dissemination mechanism of CSR with a multi-agent model in which corporation agents and consumer agents interact with each other. We show that the mechanism to disseminate CSR is a positive feedback between the corporations' popularity seeking behaviour and the consumers' social learning in which CSR-seeking preference is evaluated according to both the local average of the preferences of surrounding consumers and the global average of the investment in CSR by all corporations. We also discuss an institutional design to establish CSR from an objectionable social state.

Cite as

Takashi Hashimoto, Naoto Shinohara, and Susumu Egashira. On dissemination mechanism of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Analysis with agent simulation. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{hashimoto_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.24,
  author =	{Hashimoto, Takashi and Shinohara, Naoto and Egashira, Susumu},
  title =	{{On dissemination mechanism of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Analysis with agent simulation}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19114},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: CSR (corporate social responsibility), Quasi-public good, Institutional design, Positive Feedback, Multi-agent simulation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.25

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes with Behavioral Norms

Authors: Matthias Nickles and Achim Rettinger

Abstract

This extended abstract discusses various approaches to the constraining of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) using social norms and logical assertions in a dynamic logic framework. Whereas the exploitation of synergies among formal logic on the one hand and stochastic approaches and machine learning on the other is gaining significantly increasing interest since several years, most of the respective approaches fall into the category of relational learning in the widest sense, including inductive (stochastic) logic programming. In contrast, the use of formal knowledge (including knowledge about social norms) for the provision of hard constraints and prior knowledge for some stochastic learning or modeling task is much less frequently approached. Although we do not propose directly implementable technical solutions, it is hoped that this work is a useful contribution to a discussion about the usefulness and feasibility of approaches from norm research and formal logic in the context of stochastic behavioral models, and vice versa.

Cite as

Matthias Nickles and Achim Rettinger. Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes with Behavioral Norms. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{nickles_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.25,
  author =	{Nickles, Matthias and Rettinger, Achim},
  title =	{{Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes with Behavioral Norms}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--13},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19134},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norms, Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes, Deontic Logic, Propositional Dynamic Logic}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.26

Reflection and Norms: Towards a Model for Dynamic Adaptation for MAS

Authors: Ingo J. Timm, Andreas D. Lattner, and Rene Schumann

Abstract

The design of self-organizing systems and particular multiagent systems (MAS) is a non trivial task. On the one hand the particular system should show a dynamic behavior according to its environment, to gain a central advantage of distributed systems, on the other hand it has to act on behalf of its user and the final results have to possess acceptable quality. Especially the quality of the overall system's behavior can become a critical issue, if the subsystems have their own objectives they have to optimize. In this paper we present a methodology that can be integrated into MAS for adapting their behavior allowing local optimization while respecting an acceptable level of the system's global goals.

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Ingo J. Timm, Andreas D. Lattner, and Rene Schumann. Reflection and Norms: Towards a Model for Dynamic Adaptation for MAS. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{timm_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.26,
  author =	{Timm, Ingo J. and Lattner, Andreas D. and Schumann, Rene},
  title =	{{Reflection and Norms: Towards a Model for Dynamic Adaptation for MAS}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--15},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19174},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Balancing autonomy, multiagent simulation, manufacturing}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.27

Robust Normative Systems

Authors: Thomas Agotnes, Wiebe van der Hoek, and Michael Wooldridge

Abstract

Although normative systems, or social laws, have proved to be a highly influential approach to coordination in multi-agent systems, the issue of emph{compliance} to such normative systems remains problematic. In all real systems, it is possible that some members of an agent population will not comply with the rules of a normative system, even if it is in their interests to do so. It is therefore important to consider the extent to which a normative system is emph{robust}, i.e., the extent to which it remains effective even if some agents do not comply with it. We formalise and investigate three different notions of robustness and related decision problems. We begin by considering sets of agents whose compliance is necessary and/or sufficient to guarantee the effectiveness of a normative system; we then consider quantitative approaches to robustness, where we try to identify the proportion of an agent population that must comply in order to ensure success, and finally, we consider a more general approach, where we characterise the compliance conditions required for success as a logical formula.

Cite as

Thomas Agotnes, Wiebe van der Hoek, and Michael Wooldridge. Robust Normative Systems. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{agotnes_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.27,
  author =	{Agotnes, Thomas and van der Hoek, Wiebe and Wooldridge, Michael},
  title =	{{Robust Normative Systems}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-18971},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Normative systems, robustness, fault tolerance, complexity}
}

Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121

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