DROPS

Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 188

26th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2020)

TYPES 2020, March 2-5, 2020, University of Turin, Italy

Editors: Ugo de'Liguoro, Stefano Berardi, and Thorsten Altenkirch

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.15

Cyclic Proof Theory of Generalised Inductive Definitions

Authors: Gianluca Curzi and Lukas Melgaard

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 363, 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)

Abstract

We study cyclic proof systems for μPA, an extension of Peano arithmetic by generalised inductive definitions that is arithmetically equivalent to the (impredicative) subsystem of second-order arithmetic Π^1_2-CA₀ by Möllerfeld. The main result of this paper is that cyclic and inductive μPA have the same proof-theoretic strength. First, we translate cyclic proofs into an annotated variant based on Sprenger and Dam’s systems for first-order μ-calculus, whose stronger validity condition allows for a simpler proof of soundness. We then formalise this argument within Π^1_2-CA₀, leveraging Möllerfeld’s conservativity properties. To this end, we build on prior work by Curzi and Das on the reverse mathematics of the Knaster-Tarski theorem. As a byproduct of our proof methods we show that, despite the stronger validity condition, annotated and "plain" cyclic proofs for μPA prove the same theorems. This work represents a further step in the non-wellfounded proof-theoretic analysis of theories of arithmetic via impredicative fragments of second-order arithmetic, an approach initiated by Simpson’s Cyclic Arithmetic, and continued by Das and Melgaard in the context of arithmetical inductive definitions.

Cite as

Gianluca Curzi and Lukas Melgaard. Cyclic Proof Theory of Generalised Inductive Definitions. In 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 363, pp. 15:1-15:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{curzi_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2026.15,
  author =	{Curzi, Gianluca and Melgaard, Lukas},
  title =	{{Cyclic Proof Theory of Generalised Inductive Definitions}},
  booktitle =	{34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-411-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{363},
  editor =	{Guerrini, Stefano and K\"{o}nig, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254399},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: cyclic proofs, positive inductive definitions, arithmetic, fixed points, proof theory, reset proof systems}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.40

The Groupoid-Syntax of Type Theory Is a Set

Authors: Thorsten Altenkirch, Ambrus Kaposi, and Szumi Xie

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 363, 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)

Abstract

Categories with families (CwFs) have been used to define the semantics of type theory in type theory. In the setting of Homotopy Type Theory (HoTT), one of the limitations of the traditional notion of CwFs is the requirement to set-truncate types, which excludes models based on univalent categories, such as the standard set model. To address this limitation, we introduce the concept of a Groupoid Category with Families (GCwF). This framework truncates types at the groupoid level and incorporates coherence equations, providing a natural extension of the CwF framework when starting from a 1-category. We demonstrate that the initial GCwF for a type theory with a base family of sets and Π-types (groupoid-syntax) is set-truncated. Consequently, this allows us to utilize the conventional intrinsic syntax of type theory while enabling interpretations in semantically richer and more natural models. All constructions in this paper were formalised in Cubical Agda.

Cite as

Thorsten Altenkirch, Ambrus Kaposi, and Szumi Xie. The Groupoid-Syntax of Type Theory Is a Set. In 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 363, pp. 40:1-40:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{altenkirch_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2026.40,
  author =	{Altenkirch, Thorsten and Kaposi, Ambrus and Xie, Szumi},
  title =	{{The Groupoid-Syntax of Type Theory Is a Set}},
  booktitle =	{34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)},
  pages =	{40:1--40:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-411-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{363},
  editor =	{Guerrini, Stefano and K\"{o}nig, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254650},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: Categorical models of type theory, category with families, groupoids, coherence, homotopy type theory}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.22

On the Algorithmic Structure of Dialectica Realisers

Authors: Davide Barbarossa and Thomas Powell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 363, 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)

Abstract

Gödel’s Dialectica interpretation is a fundamental tool for the extraction of computational content from proofs, and plays a central role in today’s proof mining program. In the past decades, it has also been studied from the perspective of programming languages, and our contribution is in that direction. Specifically, we present Dialectica as a collection of rules in the style of Hoare logic, where Dialectica is now viewed as a language for specifying procedural programs that come with a forward and backward direction. This viewpoint captures the interesting dynamics of realisers extracted by the Dialectica interpretation, and we illustrate this by defining a generalised backpropagation semantics for a fragment of this language. We envisage this work as providing a base for several future developments, both theoretical and practical, which we outline at the end.

Cite as

Davide Barbarossa and Thomas Powell. On the Algorithmic Structure of Dialectica Realisers. In 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 363, pp. 22:1-22:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{barbarossa_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2026.22,
  author =	{Barbarossa, Davide and Powell, Thomas},
  title =	{{On the Algorithmic Structure of Dialectica Realisers}},
  booktitle =	{34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-411-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{363},
  editor =	{Guerrini, Stefano and K\"{o}nig, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254466},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dialectica interpretation, Hoare logic, Programs from proofs}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39

A Canonical Form for Universe Levels in Impredicative Type Theory

Authors: Yoan Géran

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 363, 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)

Abstract

The 0-imax-successor algebra, where imax: ℕ × ℕ → ℕ is the function defined by imax(n, 0) = 0 and imax(n, S(m)) = max(n, S(m)), is used to represent universe levels in impredicative type theory, in particular with universe polymorphism which introduces level variables, so it is present in proof systems such as Rocq and Lean. In particular, we need to know when two elements of this algebra are equivalent, and we may also want to decide the inequality. In this article, we introduce a canonical form for the terms of this algebra, and we provide a canonization algorithm. It permits deciding level equivalence by checking the canonical form equality, and also permits easily checking if a level is smaller than another one.

Cite as

Yoan Géran. A Canonical Form for Universe Levels in Impredicative Type Theory. In 34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 363, pp. 39:1-39:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{geran:LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39,
  author =	{G\'{e}ran, Yoan},
  title =	{{A Canonical Form for Universe Levels in Impredicative Type Theory}},
  booktitle =	{34th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2026)},
  pages =	{39:1--39:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-411-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{363},
  editor =	{Guerrini, Stefano and K\"{o}nig, Barbara},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-254640},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2026.39},
  annote =	{Keywords: universe levels, canonical form, impredicativity, imax algebra}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.8

Abstract, Compositional Consistency: Isabelle/HOL Locales for Completeness à la Fitting

Authors: Asta Halkjær From and Anders Schlichtkrull

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)

Abstract

Smullyan and Fitting have used abstract consistency properties to great effect in unifying meta-theoretical results in logic. In this paper, we generalize these developments with the help of Isabelle/HOL. We use locales to decompose abstract consistency into general parts, and provide the textbook variants as special cases. Users can assemble their own consistency property for a given logic. The compositionality alleviates the absence of dependent types in Isabelle/HOL. We use our development to mechanize completeness of calculi for three logics: (1) first-order logic where we only instantiate universal quantifiers with already occurring terms, (2) second-order logic over general models, and (3) a recently developed strong hybrid logic with propositional quantification.

Cite as

Asta Halkjær From and Anders Schlichtkrull. Abstract, Compositional Consistency: Isabelle/HOL Locales for Completeness à la Fitting. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 8:1-8:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{from_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.8,
  author =	{From, Asta Halkj{\ae}r and Schlichtkrull, Anders},
  title =	{{Abstract, Compositional Consistency: Isabelle/HOL Locales for Completeness \`{a} la Fitting}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246406},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Logic, completeness, abstract consistency property, Isabelle/HOL, locales}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.4

Distributive Laws of Monadic Containers

Authors: Chris Purdy and Stefania Damato

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 342, 11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025)

Abstract

Containers are used to carve out a class of strictly positive data types in terms of shapes and positions. They can be interpreted via a fully-faithful functor into endofunctors on Set. Monadic containers are those containers whose interpretation as a Set functor carries a monad structure. The category of containers is closed under container composition and is a monoidal category, whereas monadic containers do not in general compose. In this paper, we develop a characterisation of distributive laws of monadic containers. Distributive laws were introduced as a sufficient condition for the composition of the underlying functors of two monads to also carry a monad structure. Our development parallels Ahman and Uustalu’s characterisation of distributive laws of directed containers, i.e. containers whose Set functor interpretation carries a comonad structure. Furthermore, by combining our work with theirs, we construct characterisations of mixed distributive laws (i.e. of directed containers over monadic containers and vice versa), thereby completing the "zoo" of container characterisations of (co)monads and their distributive laws. We have found these characterisations amenable to development of existence and uniqueness proofs of distributive laws, particularly in the mechanised setting of Cubical Agda, in which most of the theory of this paper has been formalised.

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Chris Purdy and Stefania Damato. Distributive Laws of Monadic Containers. In 11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 342, pp. 4:1-4:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{purdy_et_al:LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.4,
  author =	{Purdy, Chris and Damato, Stefania},
  title =	{{Distributive Laws of Monadic Containers}},
  booktitle =	{11th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2025)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-383-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{342},
  editor =	{C\^{i}rstea, Corina and Knapp, Alexander},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-235633},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2025.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: distributive laws, monadic containers, monads, dependent types, cubical agda}
}

Document

Invited Talk

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1

Computation First: Rebuilding Constructivism with Effects (Invited Talk)

Authors: Liron Cohen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract

Constructive logic and type theory have traditionally been grounded in pure, effect-free model of computation. This paper argues that such a restriction is not a foundational necessity but a historical artifact, and it advocates for a broader perspective of effectful constructivism, where computational effects, such as state, non-determinism, and exceptions, are directly and internally embedded in the logical and computational foundations. We begin by surveying examples where effects reshape logical principles, and then outline three approaches to effectful constructivism, focusing on realizability models: Monadic Combinatory Algebras, which extend classical partial combinatory algebras with effectful computation; Evidenced Frames, a flexible semantic structure capable of uniformly capturing a wide range of effects; and Effectful Higher-Order Logic (EffHOL), a syntactic approach that directly translates logical propositions into specifications for effectful programs. We further illustrate how concrete type theories can internalize effects, via the family of type theories TT^□_C. Together, these works demonstrate that effectful constructivism is not merely possible but a natural and robust extension of traditional frameworks.

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Liron Cohen. Computation First: Rebuilding Constructivism with Effects (Invited Talk). In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 1:1-1:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{cohen:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1,
  author =	{Cohen, Liron},
  title =	{{Computation First: Rebuilding Constructivism with Effects}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236167},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Effectful constructivism, realizability, type theory, monadic combinatory algebras, evidenced frame}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.12

Ohana Trees and Taylor Expansion for the λI-Calculus: No variable gets left behind or forgotten!

Authors: Rémy Cerda, Giulio Manzonetto, and Alexis Saurin

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract

Although the λI-calculus is a natural fragment of the λ-calculus, obtained by forbidding the erasure, its equational theories did not receive much attention. The reason is that all proper denotational models studied in the literature equate all non-normalizable λI-terms, whence the associated theory is not very informative. The goal of this paper is to introduce a previously unknown theory of the λI-calculus, induced by a notion of evaluation trees that we call "Ohana trees". The Ohana tree of a λI-term is an annotated version of its Böhm tree, remembering all free variables that are hidden within its meaningless subtrees, or pushed into infinity along its infinite branches. We develop the associated theories of program approximation: the first approach - more classic - is based on finite trees and continuity, the second adapts Ehrhard and Regnier’s Taylor expansion. We then prove a Commutation Theorem stating that the normal form of the Taylor expansion of a λI-term coincides with the Taylor expansion of its Ohana tree. As a corollary, we obtain that the equality induced by Ohana trees is compatible with abstraction and application. We conclude by discussing the cases of Lévy-Longo and Berarducci trees, and generalizations to the full λ-calculus.

Cite as

Rémy Cerda, Giulio Manzonetto, and Alexis Saurin. Ohana Trees and Taylor Expansion for the λI-Calculus: No variable gets left behind or forgotten!. In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 12:1-12:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{cerda_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.12,
  author =	{Cerda, R\'{e}my and Manzonetto, Giulio and Saurin, Alexis},
  title =	{{Ohana Trees and Taylor Expansion for the \lambdaI-Calculus: No variable gets left behind or forgotten!}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236277},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: \lambda-calculus, program approximation, Taylor expansion, \lambdaI-calculus, persistent free variables, B\"{o}hm trees, Ohana trees}
}

Document

Invited Talk

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.3

Unsolvable Terms in Filter Models (Invited Talk)

Authors: Mariangiola Dezani-Ciancaglini, Paola Giannini, and Furio Honsell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract

Intersection type theories (itt’s) and filter models, i.e. λ-calculus models generated by itt’s, are reviewed in full generality. In this framework, which subsumes most λ-calculus models in the literature based on Scott-continuous functions, we discuss the interpretation of unsolvable terms. We give a necessary, but not sufficient, condition on an itt for the interpretation of some unsolvable term to be non-trivial in the filter model it generates. This result is obtained building on a type theoretic characterisation of the fine structure of unsolvables.

Cite as

Mariangiola Dezani-Ciancaglini, Paola Giannini, and Furio Honsell. Unsolvable Terms in Filter Models (Invited Talk). In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 3:1-3:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{dezaniciancaglini_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.3,
  author =	{Dezani-Ciancaglini, Mariangiola and Giannini, Paola and Honsell, Furio},
  title =	{{Unsolvable Terms in Filter Models}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236181},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: \lambda-calculus, Intersection Types, Unsolvable Terms, Filter Models}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.29

Linear Logic Using Negative Connectives

Authors: Dale Miller

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 337, 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)

Abstract

In linear logic, the invertibility of a connective’s right-introduction rule is equivalent to the non-invertibility of its left-introduction rule. This duality motivates the concept of polarity: a connective is termed negative if its right-introduction rule is invertible, and positive otherwise. A two-sided sequent calculus for first-order linear logic featuring only negative connectives exhibits a compelling proof theory. Proof search in such a system unfolds through alternating phases of invertible (right-introduction) rules and non-invertible (left-introduction) rules, mirroring the processes of goal-reduction and backchaining, respectively. These phases are formalized here using the framework of multifocused proofs. We analyze linear logic by dissecting it into three sublogics: L₀ (first-order intuitionistic logic with conjunction, implication, and universal quantification); L₁ (an extension of L₀ incorporating linear implication which preserves its intuitionistic nature); and L₂ (which includes multiplicative falsity ⊥ and encompasses classical linear logic). It is worth noting that the single-conclusion restriction on sequents, a constraint imposed by Gentzen, is not a prerequisite for defining intuitionistic logic proofs within this framework, as it emerges naturally by restricting the formulas to those of L₀ and L₁. While multifocused proofs of L₂ sequents can accommodate parallel applications of left-introduction rules, proofs of L₀ and L₁ sequents cannot leverage such parallel rule applications. This notion of parallelism within proofs enables a novel approach to handling disjunctions and existential quantifiers in the natural deduction system for intuitionistic logic.

Cite as

Dale Miller. Linear Logic Using Negative Connectives. In 10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 337, pp. 29:1-29:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{miller:LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.29,
  author =	{Miller, Dale},
  title =	{{Linear Logic Using Negative Connectives}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2025)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-374-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{337},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-236442},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2025.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linear logic, multifocused proofs, sequent calculus}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.14

IsaBIL: A Framework for Verifying (In)correctness of Binaries in Isabelle/HOL

Authors: Matt Griffin, Brijesh Dongol, and Azalea Raad

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 333, 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)

Abstract

This paper presents IsaBIL, a binary analysis framework in Isabelle/HOL that is based on the widely used Binary Analysis Platform (BAP). Specifically, in IsaBIL, we formalise BAP’s intermediate language, called BIL and integrate it with Hoare logic (to enable proofs of correctness) as well as incorrectness logic (to enable proofs of incorrectness). IsaBIL inherits the full flexibility of BAP, allowing us to verify binaries for a wide range of languages (C, C++, Rust), toolchains (LLVM, Ghidra) and target architectures (x86, RISC-V), and can also be used when the source code for a binary is unavailable. To make verification tractable, we develop a number of big-step rules that combine BIL’s existing small-step rules at different levels of abstraction to support reuse. We develop high-level reasoning rules for RISC-V instructions (our main target architecture) to further optimise verification. Additionally, we develop Isabelle proof tactics that exploit common patterns in C binaries for RISC-V to discharge large numbers of proof goals (often in the 100s) automatically. IsaBIL includes an Isabelle/ML based parser for BIL programs, allowing one to automatically generate the associated Isabelle/HOL program locale from a BAP output. Taken together, IsaBIL provides a highly flexible proof environment for program binaries. As examples, we prove correctness of key examples from the Joint Strike Fighter coding standards and the MITRE database.

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Matt Griffin, Brijesh Dongol, and Azalea Raad. IsaBIL: A Framework for Verifying (In)correctness of Binaries in Isabelle/HOL. In 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 333, pp. 14:1-14:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{griffin_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.14,
  author =	{Griffin, Matt and Dongol, Brijesh and Raad, Azalea},
  title =	{{IsaBIL: A Framework for Verifying (In)correctness of Binaries in Isabelle/HOL}},
  booktitle =	{39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:30},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-373-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{333},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233070},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Binary Analysis Platform, Isabelle/HOL, Hoare Logic, Incorrectness Logic}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.41

Taking Bi-Intuitionistic Logic First-Order: A Proof-Theoretic Investigation via Polytree Sequents

Authors: Tim S. Lyon, Ian Shillito, and Alwen Tiu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 326, 33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025)

Abstract

It is well-known that extending the Hilbert axiomatic system for first-order intuitionistic logic with an exclusion operator, that is dual to implication, collapses the domains of models into a constant domain. This makes it an interesting problem to find a sound and complete proof system for first-order bi-intuitionistic logic with non-constant domains that is also conservative over first-order intuitionistic logic. We solve this problem by presenting the first sound and complete proof system for first-order bi-intuitionistic logic with increasing domains. We formalize our proof system as a polytree sequent calculus (a notational variant of nested sequents), and prove that it enjoys cut-elimination and is conservative over first-order intuitionistic logic. A key feature of our calculus is an explicit eigenvariable context, which allows us to control precisely the scope of free variables in a polytree structure. Semantically this context can be seen as encoding a notion of Scott’s existence predicate for intuitionistic logic. This turns out to be crucial to avoid the collapse of domains and to prove the completeness of our proof system. The explicit consideration of the variable context in a formula sheds light on a previously overlooked dependency between the residuation principle and the existence predicate in the first-order setting, which may help to explain the difficulty in designing a sound and complete proof system for first-order bi-intuitionistic logic.

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Tim S. Lyon, Ian Shillito, and Alwen Tiu. Taking Bi-Intuitionistic Logic First-Order: A Proof-Theoretic Investigation via Polytree Sequents. In 33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 326, pp. 41:1-41:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{lyon_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2025.41,
  author =	{Lyon, Tim S. and Shillito, Ian and Tiu, Alwen},
  title =	{{Taking Bi-Intuitionistic Logic First-Order: A Proof-Theoretic Investigation via Polytree Sequents}},
  booktitle =	{33rd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2025)},
  pages =	{41:1--41:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-362-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{326},
  editor =	{Endrullis, J\"{o}rg and Schmitz, Sylvain},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.41},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-227987},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2025.41},
  annote =	{Keywords: Bi-intuitionistic, Cut-elimination, Conservativity, Domain, First-order, Polytree, Proof theory, Reachability, Sequent}
}

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Survey

DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.4

Logics for Conceptual Data Modelling: A Review

Authors: Pablo R. Fillottrani and C. Maria Keet

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract

Information modelling for databases and object-oriented information systems avails of conceptual data modelling languages such as EER and UML Class Diagrams. Many attempts exist to add logical rigour to them, for various reasons and with disparate strengths. In this paper we aim to provide a structured overview of the many efforts. We focus on aims, approaches to the formalisation, including key dimensions of choice points, popular logics used, and the main relevant reasoning services. We close with current challenges and research directions.

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Pablo R. Fillottrani and C. Maria Keet. Logics for Conceptual Data Modelling: A Review. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 4:1-4:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{fillottrani_et_al:TGDK.2.1.4,
  author =	{Fillottrani, Pablo R. and Keet, C. Maria},
  title =	{{Logics for Conceptual Data Modelling: A Review}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{4:1--4:30},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198616},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Conceptual Data Modelling, EER, UML, Description Logics, OWL}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2024.16

A General Constructive Form of Higman’s Lemma

Authors: Stefano Berardi, Gabriele Buriola, and Peter Schuster

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 288, 32nd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2024)

Abstract

In logic and computer science one often needs to constructivize a theorem ∀ f ∃ g.P(f,g), stating that for every infinite sequence f there is an infinite sequence g such that P(f,g). Here P is a computable predicate but g is not necessarily computable from f. In this paper we propose the following constructive version of ∀ f ∃ g.P(f,g): for every f there is a "long enough" finite prefix g₀ of g such that P(f,g₀), where "long enough" is expressed by membership to a bar which is a free parameter of the constructive version. Our approach with bars generalises the approaches to Higman’s lemma undertaken by Coquand-Fridlender, Murthy-Russell and Schwichtenberg-Seisenberger-Wiesnet. As a first test for our bar technique, we sketch a constructive theory of well-quasi orders. This includes yet another constructive version of Higman’s lemma: that every infinite sequence of words has an infinite ascending subsequence. As compared with the previous constructive versions of Higman’s lemma, our constructive proofs are closer to the original classical proofs.

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Stefano Berardi, Gabriele Buriola, and Peter Schuster. A General Constructive Form of Higman’s Lemma. In 32nd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 288, pp. 16:1-16:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{berardi_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2024.16,
  author =	{Berardi, Stefano and Buriola, Gabriele and Schuster, Peter},
  title =	{{A General Constructive Form of Higman’s Lemma}},
  booktitle =	{32nd EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2024)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-310-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{288},
  editor =	{Murano, Aniello and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2024.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-196599},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2024.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: intuitionistic logic, constructive mathematics, formal proof, inductive predicate, bar induction, well quasi-order, Higman’s lemma}
}

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