17 Search Results for "Georgiou, Konstantinos"


Document
Optimal Average Disk-Inspection via Fermat’s Principle

Authors: Konstantinos Georgiou

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)


Abstract
This work resolves the optimal average-case cost of the Disk-Inspection problem, a variant of Bellman’s 1955 lost-in-a-forest problem. In Disk-Inspection, a mobile agent starts at the center of a unit disk and follows a trajectory that inspects perimeter points whenever the disk does not obstruct visibility. The worst-case cost was solved optimally in 1957 by Isbell [Isbell, 1957], but the average-case version remained open, with heuristic upper bounds proposed by Gluss [Gluss, 1961] in 1961 and improved only recently in [Conley and Georgiou, 2025]. Our approach applies Fermat’s Principle of Least Time from optics to the discretization framework of [Conley and Georgiou, 2025], showing that optimal solutions are captured by a one-parameter family of recurrences independent of the discretization size. In the continuum limit these recurrences give rise to a single-parameter optimal control problem, whose trajectories coincide with limiting solutions of the original Disk-Inspection problem. A crucial step is proving that the optimal initial condition generates a trajectory that avoids the unit disk, thereby validating the optics formulation and reducing the many-variable optimization to a rigorous one-parameter problem. In particular, this disproves Gluss’s conjecture [Gluss, 1961] that optimal trajectories must touch the disk. Our analysis determines the exact optimal average-case inspection cost, equal to 3.549259… and certified to at least six digits of accuracy.

Cite as

Konstantinos Georgiou. Optimal Average Disk-Inspection via Fermat’s Principle. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 44:1-44:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{georgiou:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.44,
  author =	{Georgiou, Konstantinos},
  title =	{{Optimal Average Disk-Inspection via Fermat’s Principle}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-412-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{364},
  editor =	{Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255331},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: Inspection, Disk, Average-Case Performance}
}
Document
Realizing Metric Spaces with Convex Obstacles

Authors: Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak and Leonidas Theocharous

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 359, 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)


Abstract
The presence of obstacles has a significant impact on distance computation, motion-planning, and visibility. These problems have been studied extensively in the planar setting, while our understanding of these problems in 3- and higher-dimensional spaces is still rudimentary. In this paper, we study the impact of different types of obstacles on the induced geodesic metric in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. We say that a finite metric space (X, dist_X) is approximately realizable by a collection 𝒯 of obstacles in ℝ³ if for any ε > 0 it can be embedded into (ℝ³⧵⋃_{T∈𝒯} T, dist_𝒯) with worst-case multiplicative distortion 1+ε, where dist_𝒯 denotes the geodesic distance in the free space induced by 𝒯. We focus on three key geometric properties of obstacles -convexity, disjointness, and fatness- and examine how dropping each one of them affects the existence of such embeddings. Our main result concerns dropping the fatness property: we demonstrate that any finite metric space is realizable with 1+ε worst-case multiplicative distortion using a collection of convex and pairwise disjoint obstacles in ℝ³, even if the obstacles are congruent and equilateral triangles. Based on the same construction, we can also show that if we require fatness but drop any of the other two properties instead, then we can still approximately realize any finite metric space. Our results have important implications on the approximability of tsp with obstacles, a natural variant of tsp introduced recently by Alkema et al. (ESA 2022). Specifically, we use the recent results of Banerjee et al. on tsp in doubling spaces (FOCS 2024) and of Chew et al. on distances among obstacles (Inf. Process. Lett. 2002) to show that tsp with obstacles admits a PTAS if the obstacles are convex, fat, and pairwise disjoint. If any of these three properties is dropped, then our results, combined with the APX-hardness of Metric tsp, demonstrate that tsp with obstacles is APX-hard.

Cite as

Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak and Leonidas Theocharous. Realizing Metric Spaces with Convex Obstacles. In 36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 359, pp. 46:1-46:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{kisfaludibak_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.46,
  author =	{Kisfaludi-Bak, S\'{a}ndor and Theocharous, Leonidas},
  title =	{{Realizing Metric Spaces with Convex Obstacles}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2025)},
  pages =	{46:1--46:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-408-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{359},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Hon, Wing-Kai and Tsai, Meng-Tsung},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.46},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-249545},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2025.46},
  annote =	{Keywords: traveling salesman, geodesic distance}
}
Document
RANDOM
Density Frankl–Rödl on the Sphere

Authors: Venkatesan Guruswami and Shilun Li

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
We establish a density variant of the Frankl–Rödl theorem on the sphere 𝕊^{n-1}, which concerns avoiding pairs of vectors with a specific distance, or equivalently, a prescribed inner product. In particular, we establish lower bounds on the probability that a randomly chosen pair of such vectors lies entirely within a measurable subset A ⊆ 𝕊^{n-1} of sufficiently large measure. Additionally, we prove a density version of spherical avoidance problems, which generalize from pairwise avoidance to broader configurations with prescribed pairwise inner products. Our framework encompasses a class of configurations we call inductive configurations, which include simplices with any prescribed inner product -1 < r < 1. As a consequence of our density statement, we show that all inductive configurations are sphere Ramsey.

Cite as

Venkatesan Guruswami and Shilun Li. Density Frankl–Rödl on the Sphere. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 44:1-44:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{guruswami_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.44,
  author =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan and Li, Shilun},
  title =	{{Density Frankl–R\"{o}dl on the Sphere}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244108},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: Frankl–R\"{o}dl, Sphere Ramsey, Sphere Avoidance, Reverse Hypercontractivity, Forbidden Angles}
}
Document
APPROX
Triangles Improve 0.878 Approximation for Maxcut

Authors: Fredie George, Anand Louis, and Rameesh Paul

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
Maxcut is a fundamental problem in graph algorithms, extensively studied for its theoretical and practical significance. The goal is to partition the vertex set of a graph G = (V, E) into disjoint subsets S and V⧵S so as to maximize the number of edges crossing the cut (S,V⧵S). The seminal work of Goemans and Williamson [Goemans and Williamson, 1995] introduced a semidefinite programming (SDP) based algorithm achieving a α_{GW} ≈ 0.87856-approximation for general graphs, guaranteed to be optimal under the Unique Games Conjecture [Khot, 2002; Khot et al., 2007]. We revisit the Goemans–Williamson SDP and prove that the standard Maxcut SDP achieves a (α_{GW} + Ω(1))-approximation whenever the input graph contains Ω(|E|) edge-disjoint triangles. Our analysis builds on classical rounding techniques studied in [Goemans and Williamson, 1995; Zwick, 1999] and introduces a refined understanding of the SDP solution structure in regimes where the previous guarantees are tight. Our result identifies a simple combinatorial property that may be satisfied by many natural graph classes. As applications, we show that unit ball graphs and graphs satisfying a spectral transitivity condition (as studied in [Gupta et al., 2016; Basu et al., 2024]) meet our structural criterion, and therefore we get better than α_{GW} approximation guarantees for them. Our algorithm runs in nearly linear time 𝒪̃(|E|), offering a more practical alternative to the PTAS of [Jansen et al., 2005] for unit ball graphs, which has exponential dependence on the approximation parameter.

Cite as

Fredie George, Anand Louis, and Rameesh Paul. Triangles Improve 0.878 Approximation for Maxcut. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 27:1-27:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{george_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.27,
  author =	{George, Fredie and Louis, Anand and Paul, Rameesh},
  title =	{{Triangles Improve 0.878 Approximation for Maxcut}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243931},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation Algorithms, Maxcut, Semidefinite Programming, Edge-disjoint Triangles, Unit Ball Graphs, Spectral Triadic Graphs}
}
Document
APPROX
Max-Cut with Multiple Cardinality Constraints

Authors: Yury Makarychev, Madhusudhan Reddy Pittu, and Ali Vakilian

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
We study the classic Max-Cut problem under multiple cardinality constraints, which we refer to as the Constrained Max-Cut problem. Given a graph G = (V, E), a partition of the vertices into c disjoint parts V₁, …, V_c, and cardinality parameters k₁, …, k_c, the goal is to select a set S ⊆ V such that |S ∩ V_i| = k_i for each i ∈ [c], maximizing the total weight of edges crossing S (i.e., edges with exactly one endpoint in S). By designing an approximate kernel for Constrained Max-Cut and building on the correlation rounding technique of Raghavendra and Tan (2012), we present a (0.858 - ε)-approximation algorithm for the problem when c = O(1). The algorithm runs in time O(min{k/ε, n}^poly(c/ε) + poly(n)), where k = ∑_{i∈[c]} k_i and n = |V|. This improves upon the (1/2 + ε₀)-approximation of Feige and Langberg (2001) for Max-Cut_k (the special case when c = 1, k₁ = k), and generalizes the (0.858 - ε)-approximation of Raghavendra and Tan (2012), which only applies when min{k,n-k} = Ω(n) and does not handle multiple constraints. We also establish that, for general values of c, it is NP-hard to determine whether a feasible solution exists that cuts all edges. Finally, we present a 1/2-approximation algorithm for Max-Cut under an arbitrary matroid constraint.

Cite as

Yury Makarychev, Madhusudhan Reddy Pittu, and Ali Vakilian. Max-Cut with Multiple Cardinality Constraints. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 13:1-13:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{makarychev_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.13,
  author =	{Makarychev, Yury and Pittu, Madhusudhan Reddy and Vakilian, Ali},
  title =	{{Max-Cut with Multiple Cardinality Constraints}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243790},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Maxcut, Semi-definite Programming, Sum of Squares Hierarchy}
}
Document
APPROX
Spectral Refutations of Semirandom k-LIN over Larger Fields

Authors: Nicholas Kocurek and Peter Manohar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
We study the problem of strongly refuting semirandom k-LIN(𝔽) instances: systems of k-sparse inhomogeneous linear equations over a finite field 𝔽. For the case of 𝔽 = 𝔽₂, this is the well-studied problem of refuting semirandom instances of k-XOR, where the works of [Venkatesan Guruswami et al., 2022; Jun-Ting Hsieh et al., 2023] establish a tight trade-off between runtime and clause density for refutation: for any choice of a parameter 𝓁, they give an n^{O(𝓁)}-time algorithm to certify that there is no assignment that can satisfy more than 1/2 + ε-fraction of constraints in a semirandom k-XOR instance, provided that the instance has O(n)⋅(n/𝓁)^{k/2 - 1} log n/ε⁴ constraints, and the work of [Pravesh K. Kothari et al., 2017] provides good evidence that this tight up to a polylog(n) factor via lower bounds for the Sum-of-Squares hierarchy. However, for larger fields, the only known results for this problem are established via black-box reductions to the case of 𝔽₂, resulting in a |𝔽|^{3k} gap between the current best upper and lower bounds. In this paper, we give an algorithm for refuting semirandom k-LIN(𝔽) instances with the "correct" dependence on the field size |𝔽|. For any choice of a parameter 𝓁, our algorithm runs in (|𝔽|)^O(𝓁)-time and strongly refutes semirandom k-LIN(𝔽) instances with at least O(n) ⋅ (|𝔽^*| n/𝓁) ^{k/2 - 1} log(n|𝔽^*|)/ε⁴ constraints. We give good evidence that this dependence on the field size |𝔽| is optimal by proving a lower bound for the Sum-of-Squares hierarchy that matches this threshold up to a polylog(n |𝔽^*|) factor. Our results also extend beyond finite fields to the more general case of ℤ_m and arbitrary finite Abelian groups. Our key technical innovation is a generalization of the "𝔽₂ Kikuchi matrices" of [Alexander S. Wein et al., 2019; Venkatesan Guruswami et al., 2022] to larger fields, and finite Abelian groups more generally.

Cite as

Nicholas Kocurek and Peter Manohar. Spectral Refutations of Semirandom k-LIN over Larger Fields. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 17:1-17:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{kocurek_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.17,
  author =	{Kocurek, Nicholas and Manohar, Peter},
  title =	{{Spectral Refutations of Semirandom k-LIN over Larger Fields}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-243834},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spectral Algorithms, CSP Refutation, Kikuchi Matrices}
}
Document
A Lower Bound for k-DNF Resolution on Random CNF Formulas via Expansion

Authors: Anastasia Sofronova and Dmitry Sokolov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 339, 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)


Abstract
Random Δ-CNF formulas are one of the few candidates that are expected to be hard for proof systems and SAT algotirhms. Assume we sample m clauses over n variables. Here, the main complexity parameter is clause density, χ := m/n. For a fixed Δ, there exists a satisfiability threshold c_Δ such that for χ > c_Δ a formula is unsatisfiable with high probability. and for χ < c_Δ it is satisfiable with high probability. Near satisfiability threshold, there are various lower bounds for algorithms and proof systems [Eli Ben-Sasson, 2001; Eli Ben-Sasson and Russell Impagliazzo, 1999; Michael Alekhnovich and Alexander A. Razborov, 2003; Dima Grigoriev, 2001; Grant Schoenebeck, 2008; Pavel Hrubes and Pavel Pudlák, 2017; Noah Fleming et al., 2017; Dmitry Sokolov, 2024], and for high-density regimes, there exist upper bounds [Uriel Feige et al., 2006; Sebastian Müller and Iddo Tzameret, 2014; Jackson Abascal et al., 2021; Venkatesan Guruswami et al., 2022]. One of the frontiers in the direction of proving lower bounds on these formulas is the k-DNF Resolution proof system (aka Res(k)). There are several known results for k = 𝒪(√{log n}/{log log n}}) [Nathan Segerlind et al., 2004; Michael Alekhnovich, 2011], that are applicable only for density regime near the threshold. In this paper, we show the first Res(k) lower bound that is applicable in higher-density regimes. Our results work for slightly larger k = 𝒪(√{log n}).

Cite as

Anastasia Sofronova and Dmitry Sokolov. A Lower Bound for k-DNF Resolution on Random CNF Formulas via Expansion. In 40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 339, pp. 32:1-32:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{sofronova_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2025.32,
  author =	{Sofronova, Anastasia and Sokolov, Dmitry},
  title =	{{A Lower Bound for k-DNF Resolution on Random CNF Formulas via Expansion}},
  booktitle =	{40th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2025)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-379-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{339},
  editor =	{Srinivasan, Srikanth},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237269},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2025.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: proof complexity, random CNFs}
}
Document
Shortest Undirected Paths in de Bruijn Graphs

Authors: Wiktor Zuba, Oded Lachish, and Solon P. Pissis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 331, 36th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2025)


Abstract
Computing shortest directed paths in de Bruijn graphs is well studied and well understood. This is not the case for computing undirected paths, which is much more challenging algorithmically. In this paper, we present a general framework for computing shortest undirected paths in arbitrary de Bruijn graphs, that is, arbitrary subgraphs of the complete de Bruijn graph. We then present an application of our techniques for making any arbitrary order-k de Bruijn graph G(V,E) weakly connected by adding a set of edges of minimum total cost. This improves the running time of the recent (2-2/d)-approximation algorithm by Bernardini et al. [CPM 2024] from 𝒪(k|V|²) to 𝒪(k|V|log d) time, where d is the number of weakly connected components of graph G.

Cite as

Wiktor Zuba, Oded Lachish, and Solon P. Pissis. Shortest Undirected Paths in de Bruijn Graphs. In 36th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 331, pp. 12:1-12:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{zuba_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2025.12,
  author =	{Zuba, Wiktor and Lachish, Oded and Pissis, Solon P.},
  title =	{{Shortest Undirected Paths in de Bruijn Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{36th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2025)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-369-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{331},
  editor =	{Bonizzoni, Paola and M\"{a}kinen, Veli},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2025.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-231060},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2025.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: string algorithm, graph algorithm, de Bruijn graph, Eulerian graph}
}
Document
Crash-Tolerant Exploration of Trees by Energy-Sharing Mobile Agents

Authors: Quentin Bramas, Toshimitsu Masuzawa, and Sébastien Tixeuil

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 324, 28th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2024)


Abstract
We consider the problem of graph exploration by energy sharing mobile agents that are subject to crash faults. More precisely, we consider a team of two agents where at most one of them may fail unpredictably, and the considered topology is that of connected acyclic graphs (i.e. trees). We consider both the asynchronous and the synchronous settings, and we provide necessary and sufficient conditions about the energy.

Cite as

Quentin Bramas, Toshimitsu Masuzawa, and Sébastien Tixeuil. Crash-Tolerant Exploration of Trees by Energy-Sharing Mobile Agents. In 28th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 324, pp. 9:1-9:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{bramas_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2024.9,
  author =	{Bramas, Quentin and Masuzawa, Toshimitsu and Tixeuil, S\'{e}bastien},
  title =	{{Crash-Tolerant Exploration of Trees by Energy-Sharing Mobile Agents}},
  booktitle =	{28th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2024)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-360-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{324},
  editor =	{Bonomi, Silvia and Galletta, Letterio and Rivi\`{e}re, Etienne and Schiavoni, Valerio},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2024.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-225452},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2024.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Mobile Agents, Distributed Algorithms, Energy sharing}
}
Document
Evacuation from a Disk for Robots with Asymmetric Communication

Authors: Konstantinos Georgiou, Nikos Giachoudis, and Evangelos Kranakis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 248, 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)


Abstract
We consider evacuation of two robots from an Exit placed at an unknown location on the perimeter of a unit (radius) disk. The robots can move with max speed 1 and start at the center of the disk at the same time. We consider a new communication model, known as the SR model, in which the robots have communication faults as follows: one of the robots is a Sender and can only send wirelessly at any distance, while the other is a Receiver in that it can only receive wirelessly from any distance. The communication status of each robot is known to the other robot. In addition, both robots can exchange messages when they are co-located, which is known as Face-to-Face (F2F) model. There have been several studies in the literature concerning the evacuation time when both robots may employ either F2F or Wireless (WiFi) communication. The SR communication model diverges from these two in that the two robots themselves have differing communication capabilities. We study the evacuation time, namely the time it takes until the last robot reaches the Exit, and show that the evacuation time in the SR model is strictly between the F2F and the WiFi models. The main part of our technical contribution is also an evacuation algorithm in which two cooperating robots accomplish the task in worst-case time at most π+2. Interesting features of the proposed algorithm are the asymmetry inherent in the resulting trajectories, as well as that the robots do not move at full speed for the entire duration of their trajectories.

Cite as

Konstantinos Georgiou, Nikos Giachoudis, and Evangelos Kranakis. Evacuation from a Disk for Robots with Asymmetric Communication. In 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 248, pp. 19:1-19:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{georgiou_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.19,
  author =	{Georgiou, Konstantinos and Giachoudis, Nikos and Kranakis, Evangelos},
  title =	{{Evacuation from a Disk for Robots with Asymmetric Communication}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-258-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{248},
  editor =	{Bae, Sang Won and Park, Heejin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173047},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Communication, Cycle, Evacuation, Receiver, Sender, Mobile Agents}
}
Document
Lower Bounds for Shoreline Searching With 2 or More Robots

Authors: Sumi Acharjee, Konstantinos Georgiou, Somnath Kundu, and Akshaya Srinivasan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 153, 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2019)


Abstract
Searching for a line on the plane with n unit speed robots is a classic online problem that dates back to the 50’s, and for which competitive ratio upper bounds are known for every n ≥ 1, see [Baeza-Yates and Schott, 1995]. In this work we improve the best lower bound known for n=2 robots [Baeza-Yates and Schott, 1995] from 1.5993 to 3. Moreover we prove that the competitive ratio is at least √{3} for n=3 robots, and at least 1/cos ({π/n}) for n ≥ 4 robots. Our lower bounds match the best upper bounds known for n ≥ 4, hence resolving these cases. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first lower bounds proven for the cases n ≥ 3 of this several decades old problem.

Cite as

Sumi Acharjee, Konstantinos Georgiou, Somnath Kundu, and Akshaya Srinivasan. Lower Bounds for Shoreline Searching With 2 or More Robots. In 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 153, pp. 26:1-26:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)


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@InProceedings{acharjee_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.26,
  author =	{Acharjee, Sumi and Georgiou, Konstantinos and Kundu, Somnath and Srinivasan, Akshaya},
  title =	{{Lower Bounds for Shoreline Searching With 2 or More Robots}},
  booktitle =	{23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2019)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:11},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-133-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{153},
  editor =	{Felber, Pascal and Friedman, Roy and Gilbert, Seth and Miller, Avery},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-118121},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: 2-Dimensional Search, Online Algorithms, Competitive Analysis, Lower Bounds}
}
Document
Track C: Foundations of Networks and Multi-Agent Systems: Models, Algorithms and Information Management
Energy Consumption of Group Search on a Line

Authors: Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Manuel Lafond, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)


Abstract
Consider two robots that start at the origin of the infinite line in search of an exit at an unknown location on the line. The robots can collaborate in the search, but can only communicate if they arrive at the same location at exactly the same time, i.e. they use the so-called face-to-face communication model. The group search time is defined as the worst-case time as a function of d, the distance of the exit from the origin, when both robots can reach the exit. It has long been known that for a single robot traveling at unit speed, the search time is at least 9d - o(d); a simple doubling strategy achieves this time bound. It was shown recently in [Chrobak et al., 2015] that k >= 2 robots traveling at unit speed also require at least 9d group search time. We investigate energy-time trade-offs in group search by two robots, where the energy loss experienced by a robot traveling a distance x at constant speed s is given by s^2 x, as motivated by energy consumption models in physics and engineering. Specifically, we consider the problem of minimizing the total energy used by the robots, under the constraints that the search time is at most a multiple c of the distance d and the speed of the robots is bounded by b. Motivation for this study is that for the case when robots must complete the search in 9d time with maximum speed one (b=1; c=9), a single robot requires at least 9d energy, while for two robots, all previously proposed algorithms consume at least 28d/3 energy. When the robots have bounded memory and can use only a constant number of fixed speeds, we generalize an algorithm described in [Baeza-Yates and Schott, 1995; Chrobak et al., 2015] to obtain a family of algorithms parametrized by pairs of b,c values that can solve the problem for the entire spectrum of these pairs for which the problem is solvable. In particular, for each such pair, we determine optimal (and in some cases nearly optimal) algorithms inducing the lowest possible energy consumption. We also propose a novel search algorithm that simultaneously achieves search time 9d and consumes energy 8.42588d. Our result shows that two robots can search on the line in optimal time 9d while consuming less total energy than a single robot within the same search time. Our algorithm uses robots that have unbounded memory, and a finite number of dynamically computed speeds. It can be generalized for any c, b with cb=9, and consumes energy 8.42588b^2d.

Cite as

Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Manuel Lafond, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende. Energy Consumption of Group Search on a Line. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 137:1-137:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{czyzowicz_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.137,
  author =	{Czyzowicz, Jurek and Georgiou, Konstantinos and Killick, Ryan and Kranakis, Evangelos and Krizanc, Danny and Lafond, Manuel and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Shende, Sunil},
  title =	{{Energy Consumption of Group Search on a Line}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{137:1--137:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.137},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-107138},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.137},
  annote =	{Keywords: Evacuation, Exit, Line, Face-to-face Communication, Robots, Search}
}
Document
God Save the Queen

Authors: Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 100, 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)


Abstract
Queen Daniela of Sardinia is asleep at the center of a round room at the top of the tower in her castle. She is accompanied by her faithful servant, Eva. Suddenly, they are awakened by cries of "Fire". The room is pitch black and they are disoriented. There is exactly one exit from the room somewhere along its boundary. They must find it as quickly as possible in order to save the life of the queen. It is known that with two people searching while moving at maximum speed 1 anywhere in the room, the room can be evacuated (i.e., with both people exiting) in 1 + (2 pi)/3 + sqrt{3} ~~ 4.8264 time units and this is optimal [Czyzowicz et al., DISC'14], assuming that the first person to find the exit can directly guide the other person to the exit using her voice. Somewhat surprisingly, in this paper we show that if the goal is to save the queen (possibly leaving Eva behind to die in the fire) there is a slightly better strategy. We prove that this "priority" version of evacuation can be solved in time at most 4.81854. Furthermore, we show that any strategy for saving the queen requires time at least 3 + pi/6 + sqrt{3}/2 ~~ 4.3896 in the worst case. If one or both of the queen's other servants (Biddy and/or Lili) are with her, we show that the time bounds can be improved to 3.8327 for two servants, and 3.3738 for three servants. Finally we show lower bounds for these cases of 3.6307 (two servants) and 3.2017 (three servants). The case of n >= 4 is the subject of an independent study by Queen Daniela's Royal Scientific Team.

Cite as

Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Ryan Killick, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende. God Save the Queen. In 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 100, pp. 16:1-16:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)


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@InProceedings{czyzowicz_et_al:LIPIcs.FUN.2018.16,
  author =	{Czyzowicz, Jurek and Georgiou, Konstantinos and Killick, Ryan and Kranakis, Evangelos and Krizanc, Danny and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Shende, Sunil},
  title =	{{God Save the Queen}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-067-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{100},
  editor =	{Ito, Hiro and Leonardi, Stefano and Pagli, Linda and Prencipe, Giuseppe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-88074},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algorithm, Evacuation, Exit, Disk, Wireless Communication, Queen, Priority, Robots, Search, Servants, Trajectory}
}
Document
Search on a Line by Byzantine Robots

Authors: Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 64, 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)


Abstract
We consider the problem of fault-tolerant parallel search on an infinite line by n robots. Starting from the origin, the robots are required to find a target at an unknown location. The robots can move with maximum speed 1 and can communicate in wireless mode among themselves. However, among the n robots, there are f robots that exhibit byzantine faults. A faulty robot can fail to report the target even after reaching it, or it can make malicious claims about having found the target when in fact it has not. Given the presence of such faulty robots, the search for the target can only be concluded when the non-faulty robots have sufficient verification that the target has been found. We aim to design algorithms that minimize the value of S_d (n, f), the time to find a target at a distance d from the origin by n robots among which f are faulty. We give several different algorithms whose running time depends on the ratio f/n, the density of faulty robots, and also prove lower bounds. Our algorithms are optimal for some densities of faulty robots.

Cite as

Jurek Czyzowicz, Konstantinos Georgiou, Evangelos Kranakis, Danny Krizanc, Lata Narayanan, Jaroslav Opatrny, and Sunil Shende. Search on a Line by Byzantine Robots. In 27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 64, pp. 27:1-27:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)


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@InProceedings{czyzowicz_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.27,
  author =	{Czyzowicz, Jurek and Georgiou, Konstantinos and Kranakis, Evangelos and Krizanc, Danny and Narayanan, Lata and Opatrny, Jaroslav and Shende, Sunil},
  title =	{{Search on a Line by Byzantine Robots}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2016)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-026-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{64},
  editor =	{Hong, Seok-Hee},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-67972},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2016.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Cow path problem, Parallel search, Mobile robots, Wireless communication, Byzantine faults}
}
Document
Lift & Project Systems Performing on the Partial Vertex Cover Polytope

Authors: Konstantinos Georgiou and Edward Lee

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 29, 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)


Abstract
We study integrality gap (IG) lower bounds on strong LP and SDP relaxations derived by the Sherali-Adams (SA), Lovász-Schrijver-SDP (LS_+), and Sherali-Adams-SDP (SA_+) lift-and-project (L&P) systems for the t-Partial-Vertex-Cover (t-PVC) problem, a variation of the classic Vertex-Cover problem in which only t edges need to be covered. t-PVC admits a 2-approximation using various algorithmic techniques, all relying on a natural LP relaxation. Starting from this LP relaxation, our main results assert that for every epsilon>0, level-Theta(n) LPs or SDPs derived by all known L&P systems that have been used for positive algorithmic results (but the Lasserre hierarchy) have IGs at least (1-epsilon)n/t, where n is the number of vertices of the input graph. Our lower bounds are nearly tight, in that level-n relaxations, even of the weakest systems, have integrality gap 1. As lift-and-project systems have given the best algorithms known for numerous combinatorial optimization problems, our results show that restricted yet powerful models of computation derived by many L&P systems fail to witness c-approximate solutions to t-PVC for any constant c, and for t=O(n). This is one of the very few known examples of an intractable combinatorial optimization problem for which LP-based algorithms induce a constant approximation ratio, still lift-and-project LP and SDP tightenings of the same LP have unbounded IGs. As further motivation for our results, we show that the SDP that has given the best algorithm known for t-PVC has integrality gap n/t on instances that can be solved by the level-1 LP relaxation derived by the LS system. This constitutes another rare phenomenon where (even in specific instances) a static LP outperforms an SDP that has been used for the best approximation guarantee for the problem at hand. Finally, we believe our results are of independent interest as they are among the very few known integrality gap lower bounds for LP and SDP 0-1 relaxations in which not all variables possess the same semantics in the underlying combinatorial optimization problem. Most importantly, one of our main contributions is that we make explicit of a new and simple methodology of constructing solutions to LP relaxations that almost trivially satisfy constraints derived by all SDP L&P systems known to be useful for algorithmic positive results (except the La system). The latter sheds some light as to why La tightenings seem strictly stronger than LS_+ or SA_+ tightenings.

Cite as

Konstantinos Georgiou and Edward Lee. Lift & Project Systems Performing on the Partial Vertex Cover Polytope. In 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 29, pp. 199-211, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)


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@InProceedings{georgiou_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.199,
  author =	{Georgiou, Konstantinos and Lee, Edward},
  title =	{{Lift \& Project Systems Performing on the Partial Vertex Cover Polytope}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)},
  pages =	{199--211},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-77-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{29},
  editor =	{Raman, Venkatesh and Suresh, S. P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.199},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-48437},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.199},
  annote =	{Keywords: Partial vertex cover, combinatorial optimization, linear programming, semidefinite programming, lift and project systems, integrality gaps}
}
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