196 Search Results for "D�rr, Michael"


Document
Range Entropy Queries and Partitioning

Authors: Sanjay Krishnan and Stavros Sintos

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 290, 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)


Abstract
Data partitioning that maximizes or minimizes Shannon entropy is a crucial subroutine in data compression, columnar storage, and cardinality estimation algorithms. These partition algorithms can be accelerated if we have a data structure to find the entropy in different subsets of data when the algorithm needs to decide what block to construct. While it is generally known how to compute the entropy of a discrete distribution efficiently, we want to efficiently derive the entropy among the data items that lie in a specific area. We solve this problem in a typical setting when we deal with real data, where data items are geometric points and each requested area is a query (hyper)rectangle. More specifically, we consider a set P of n weighted and colored points in ℝ^d. The goal is to construct a low space data structure, such that given a query (hyper)rectangle R, it computes the entropy based on the colors of the points in P∩ R, in sublinear time. We show a conditional lower bound for this problem proving that we cannot hope for data structures with near-linear space and near-constant query time. Then, we propose exact data structures for d = 1 and d > 1 with o(n^{2d}) space and o(n) query time. We also provide a tune parameter t that the user can choose to bound the asymptotic space and query time of the new data structures. Next, we propose near linear space data structures for returning either an additive or a multiplicative approximation of the entropy. Finally, we show how we can use the new data structures to efficiently partition time series and histograms with respect to entropy.

Cite as

Sanjay Krishnan and Stavros Sintos. Range Entropy Queries and Partitioning. In 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 290, pp. 6:1-6:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{krishnan_et_al:LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.6,
  author =	{Krishnan, Sanjay and Sintos, Stavros},
  title =	{{Range Entropy Queries and Partitioning}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-312-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{290},
  editor =	{Cormode, Graham and Shekelyan, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-197883},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Shannon entropy, range query, data structure, data partitioning}
}
Document
Approximating Single-Source Personalized PageRank with Absolute Error Guarantees

Authors: Zhewei Wei, Ji-Rong Wen, and Mingji Yang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 290, 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)


Abstract
Personalized PageRank (PPR) is an extensively studied and applied node proximity measure in graphs. For a pair of nodes s and t on a graph G = (V,E), the PPR value π(s,t) is defined as the probability that an α-discounted random walk from s terminates at t, where the walk terminates with probability α at each step. We study the classic Single-Source PPR query, which asks for PPR approximations from a given source node s to all nodes in the graph. Specifically, we aim to provide approximations with absolute error guarantees, ensuring that the resultant PPR estimates π̂(s,t) satisfy max_{t ∈ V} |π̂(s,t)-π(s,t)| ≤ ε for a given error bound ε. We propose an algorithm that achieves this with high probability, with an expected running time of - Õ(√m/ε) for directed graphs, where m = |E|; - Õ(√{d_max}/ε) for undirected graphs, where d_max is the maximum node degree in the graph; - Õ(n^{γ-1/2}/ε) for power-law graphs, where n = |V| and γ ∈ (1/2,1) is the extent of the power law. These sublinear bounds improve upon existing results. We also study the case when degree-normalized absolute error guarantees are desired, requiring max_{t ∈ V} |π̂(s,t)/d(t)-π(s,t)/d(t)| ≤ ε_d for a given error bound ε_d, where the graph is undirected and d(t) is the degree of node t. We give an algorithm that provides this error guarantee with high probability, achieving an expected complexity of Õ(√{∑_{t ∈ V} π(s,t)/d(t)}/ε_d). This improves over the previously known O(1/ε_d) complexity.

Cite as

Zhewei Wei, Ji-Rong Wen, and Mingji Yang. Approximating Single-Source Personalized PageRank with Absolute Error Guarantees. In 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 290, pp. 9:1-9:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{wei_et_al:LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.9,
  author =	{Wei, Zhewei and Wen, Ji-Rong and Yang, Mingji},
  title =	{{Approximating Single-Source Personalized PageRank with Absolute Error Guarantees}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-312-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{290},
  editor =	{Cormode, Graham and Shekelyan, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-197911},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Algorithms, Sublinear Algorithms, Personalized PageRank}
}
Document
Computing Data Distribution from Query Selectivities

Authors: Pankaj K. Agarwal, Rahul Raychaudhury, Stavros Sintos, and Jun Yang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 290, 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)


Abstract
We are given a set 𝒵 = {(R_1,s_1), …, (R_n,s_n)}, where each R_i is a range in ℝ^d, such as rectangle or ball, and s_i ∈ [0,1] denotes its selectivity. The goal is to compute a small-size discrete data distribution 𝒟 = {(q₁,w₁),…, (q_m,w_m)}, where q_j ∈ ℝ^d and w_j ∈ [0,1] for each 1 ≤ j ≤ m, and ∑_{1≤j≤m} w_j = 1, such that 𝒟 is the most consistent with 𝒵, i.e., err_p(𝒟,𝒵) = 1/n ∑_{i = 1}ⁿ |s_i - ∑_{j=1}^m w_j⋅1(q_j ∈ R_i)|^p is minimized. In a database setting, 𝒵 corresponds to a workload of range queries over some table, together with their observed selectivities (i.e., fraction of tuples returned), and 𝒟 can be used as compact model for approximating the data distribution within the table without accessing the underlying contents. In this paper, we obtain both upper and lower bounds for this problem. In particular, we show that the problem of finding the best data distribution from selectivity queries is NP-complete. On the positive side, we describe a Monte Carlo algorithm that constructs, in time O((n+δ^{-d}) δ^{-2} polylog n), a discrete distribution 𝒟̃ of size O(δ^{-2}), such that err_p(𝒟̃,𝒵) ≤ min_𝒟 err_p(𝒟,𝒵)+δ (for p = 1,2,∞) where the minimum is taken over all discrete distributions. We also establish conditional lower bounds, which strongly indicate the infeasibility of relative approximations as well as removal of the exponential dependency on the dimension for additive approximations. This suggests that significant improvements to our algorithm are unlikely.

Cite as

Pankaj K. Agarwal, Rahul Raychaudhury, Stavros Sintos, and Jun Yang. Computing Data Distribution from Query Selectivities. In 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 290, pp. 18:1-18:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{agarwal_et_al:LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.18,
  author =	{Agarwal, Pankaj K. and Raychaudhury, Rahul and Sintos, Stavros and Yang, Jun},
  title =	{{Computing Data Distribution from Query Selectivities}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-312-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{290},
  editor =	{Cormode, Graham and Shekelyan, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198007},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: selectivity queries, discrete distributions, Multiplicative Weights Update, eps-approximation, learnable functions, depth problem, arrangement}
}
Document
Ranked Enumeration for MSO on Trees via Knowledge Compilation

Authors: Antoine Amarilli, Pierre Bourhis, Florent Capelli, and Mikaël Monet

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 290, 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)


Abstract
We study the problem of enumerating the satisfying assignments for certain circuit classes from knowledge compilation, where assignments are ranked in a specific order. In particular, we show how this problem can be used to efficiently perform ranked enumeration of the answers to MSO queries over trees, with the order being given by a ranking function satisfying a subset-monotonicity property. Assuming that the number of variables is constant, we show that we can enumerate the satisfying assignments in ranked order for so-called multivalued circuits that are smooth, decomposable, and in negation normal form (smooth multivalued DNNF). There is no preprocessing and the enumeration delay is linear in the size of the circuit times the number of values, plus a logarithmic term in the number of assignments produced so far. If we further assume that the circuit is deterministic (smooth multivalued d-DNNF), we can achieve linear-time preprocessing in the circuit, and the delay only features the logarithmic term.

Cite as

Antoine Amarilli, Pierre Bourhis, Florent Capelli, and Mikaël Monet. Ranked Enumeration for MSO on Trees via Knowledge Compilation. In 27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 290, pp. 25:1-25:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{amarilli_et_al:LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.25,
  author =	{Amarilli, Antoine and Bourhis, Pierre and Capelli, Florent and Monet, Mika\"{e}l},
  title =	{{Ranked Enumeration for MSO on Trees via Knowledge Compilation}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2024)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-312-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{290},
  editor =	{Cormode, Graham and Shekelyan, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198079},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICDT.2024.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: Enumeration, knowledge compilation, monadic second-order logic}
}
Document
Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition (Dagstuhl Seminar 23331)

Authors: George Karypis, Christian Schulz, Darren Strash, Deepak Ajwani, Rob H. Bisseling, Katrin Casel, Ümit V. Çatalyürek, Cédric Chevalier, Florian Chudigiewitsch, Marcelo Fonseca Faraj, Michael Fellows, Lars Gottesbüren, Tobias Heuer, Kamer Kaya, Jakub Lacki, Johannes Langguth, Xiaoye Sherry Li, Ruben Mayer, Johannes Meintrup, Yosuke Mizutani, François Pellegrini, Fabrizio Petrini, Frances Rosamond, Ilya Safro, Sebastian Schlag, Roohani Sharma, Blair D. Sullivan, Bora Uçar, and Albert-Jan Yzelman

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 8 (2024)


Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 23331 "Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition", which took place from 13. August to 18. August, 2023. The seminar brought together 33 experts from academia and industry to discuss graph decomposition, a pivotal technique for handling massive graphs in applications such as social networks and scientific simulations. The seminar addressed the challenges posed by contemporary hardware designs, the potential of deep neural networks and reinforcement learning in developing heuristics, the unique optimization requirements of large sparse data, and the need for scalable algorithms suitable for emerging architectures. Through presentations, discussions, and collaborative sessions, the event fostered an exchange of innovative ideas, leading to the creation of community notes highlighting key open problems in the field.

Cite as

George Karypis, Christian Schulz, Darren Strash, Deepak Ajwani, Rob H. Bisseling, Katrin Casel, Ümit V. Çatalyürek, Cédric Chevalier, Florian Chudigiewitsch, Marcelo Fonseca Faraj, Michael Fellows, Lars Gottesbüren, Tobias Heuer, Kamer Kaya, Jakub Lacki, Johannes Langguth, Xiaoye Sherry Li, Ruben Mayer, Johannes Meintrup, Yosuke Mizutani, François Pellegrini, Fabrizio Petrini, Frances Rosamond, Ilya Safro, Sebastian Schlag, Roohani Sharma, Blair D. Sullivan, Bora Uçar, and Albert-Jan Yzelman. Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition (Dagstuhl Seminar 23331). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 8, pp. 1-45, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@Article{karypis_et_al:DagRep.13.8.1,
  author =	{Karypis, George and Schulz, Christian and Strash, Darren and Ajwani, Deepak and Bisseling, Rob H. and Casel, Katrin and \c{C}ataly\"{u}rek, \"{U}mit V. and Chevalier, C\'{e}dric and Chudigiewitsch, Florian and Faraj, Marcelo Fonseca and Fellows, Michael and Gottesb\"{u}ren, Lars and Heuer, Tobias and Kaya, Kamer and Lacki, Jakub and Langguth, Johannes and Li, Xiaoye Sherry and Mayer, Ruben and Meintrup, Johannes and Mizutani, Yosuke and Pellegrini, Fran\c{c}ois and Petrini, Fabrizio and Rosamond, Frances and Safro, Ilya and Schlag, Sebastian and Sharma, Roohani and Sullivan, Blair D. and U\c{c}ar, Bora and Yzelman, Albert-Jan},
  title =	{{Recent Trends in Graph Decomposition (Dagstuhl Seminar 23331)}},
  pages =	{1--45},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{13},
  number =	{8},
  editor =	{Karypis, George and Schulz, Christian and Strash, Darren},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.8.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198114},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.13.8.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: combinatorial optimization, experimental algorithmics, parallel algorithms}
}
Document
Extractors for Polynomial Sources over 𝔽₂

Authors: Eshan Chattopadhyay, Jesse Goodman, and Mohit Gurumukhani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 287, 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)


Abstract
We explicitly construct the first nontrivial extractors for degree d ≥ 2 polynomial sources over 𝔽₂. Our extractor requires min-entropy k ≥ n - (√{log n})/((log log n / d)^{d/2}). Previously, no constructions were known, even for min-entropy k ≥ n-1. A key ingredient in our construction is an input reduction lemma, which allows us to assume that any polynomial source with min-entropy k can be generated by O(k) uniformly random bits. We also provide strong formal evidence that polynomial sources are unusually challenging to extract from, by showing that even our most powerful general purpose extractors cannot handle polynomial sources with min-entropy below k ≥ n-o(n). In more detail, we show that sumset extractors cannot even disperse from degree 2 polynomial sources with min-entropy k ≥ n-O(n/log log n). In fact, this impossibility result even holds for a more specialized family of sources that we introduce, called polynomial non-oblivious bit-fixing (NOBF) sources. Polynomial NOBF sources are a natural new family of algebraic sources that lie at the intersection of polynomial and variety sources, and thus our impossibility result applies to both of these classical settings. This is especially surprising, since we do have variety extractors that slightly beat this barrier - implying that sumset extractors are not a panacea in the world of seedless extraction.

Cite as

Eshan Chattopadhyay, Jesse Goodman, and Mohit Gurumukhani. Extractors for Polynomial Sources over 𝔽₂. In 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 287, pp. 28:1-28:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{chattopadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.28,
  author =	{Chattopadhyay, Eshan and Goodman, Jesse and Gurumukhani, Mohit},
  title =	{{Extractors for Polynomial Sources over \mathbb{F}₂}},
  booktitle =	{15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-309-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{287},
  editor =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-195569},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Extractors, low-degree polynomials, varieties, sumset extractors}
}
Document
Invited Talk
From Consensus Research to Redbelly Network Pty Ltd (Invited Talk)

Authors: Vincent Gramoli

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 286, 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2023)


Abstract
Designing and implementing correctly a blockchain system requires collaborations across places and research fields. Redbelly, a company across Australia, India and USA, illustrates well this idea. It started in 2005 at OPODIS, where we published the Reconfigurable Distributed Storage to replace distributed participants offering a service without disrupting its availability. This line of work [V. Gramoli et al., 2021] was instrumental to reconfigure blockchains without introducing hard forks. The research on the consensus problem we initiated at IRISA [V. Gramoli, 2022] led to rethinking PBFT-like algorithms for the context of blockchain by getting rid of the leader that can act as the bottleneck of large networks [V. Gramoli and Q. Tang, 2023]. Our work on security led to disclosing vulnerabilities in Ethereum [Parinya Ekparinya et al., 2020] and then motivated us to formally verify blockchain consensus [Nathalie Bertrand et al., 2022]. Our work at the frontier of economics [Michael Spain et al., 2019] led us to prevent front-running attacks [Pouriya Zarbafian and Vincent Gramoli, 2023] and to incentivize rational players to behave [Alejandro Ranchal-Pedrosa and Vincent Gramoli, 2022]. Our system work at Cornell and then at EPFL was foundational in experimenting blockchains across the globe [Vincent Gramoli et al., 2023]. Although not anticipated at the time, this series of work progressively led the University of Sydney and CSIRO, and later Redbelly Network Pty Ltd, to design the Redbelly Blockchain [Tyler Crain et al., 2021; Deepal Tennakoon et al., 2023], the platform of choice for compliant asset tokenisation.

Cite as

Vincent Gramoli. From Consensus Research to Redbelly Network Pty Ltd (Invited Talk). In 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 286, pp. 1:1-1:2, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{gramoli:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.1,
  author =	{Gramoli, Vincent},
  title =	{{From Consensus Research to Redbelly Network Pty Ltd}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2023)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:2},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-308-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{286},
  editor =	{Bessani, Alysson and D\'{e}fago, Xavier and Nakamura, Junya and Wada, Koichi and Yamauchi, Yukiko},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194915},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Innovations, Commercialisation}
}
Document
Invited Talk
Quantum Distributed Computing: Potential and Limitations (Invited Talk)

Authors: François Le Gall

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 286, 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2023)


Abstract
The subject of this talk is quantum distributed computing, i.e., distributed computing where the processors of the network can exchange quantum messages. In the first part of the talk I survey recent results [Taisuke Izumi and François Le Gall, 2019; Taisuke Izumi et al., 2020; François Le Gall and Frédéric Magniez, 2018; François Le Gall et al., 2019; Xudong Wu and Penghui Yao, 2022] and some older results [Michael Ben-Or and Avinatan Hassidim, 2005; Seiichiro Tani et al., 2012] that show the potential of quantum distributed algorithms. In the second part I present our recent work [Xavier Coiteux-Roy et al., 2023] showing the limitations of quantum distributed algorithms for approximate graph coloring. Finally, I mention interesting and important open questions in quantum distributed computing.

Cite as

François Le Gall. Quantum Distributed Computing: Potential and Limitations (Invited Talk). In 27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 286, p. 2:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{legall:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.2,
  author =	{Le Gall, Fran\c{c}ois},
  title =	{{Quantum Distributed Computing: Potential and Limitations}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2023)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:1},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-308-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{286},
  editor =	{Bessani, Alysson and D\'{e}fago, Xavier and Nakamura, Junya and Wada, Koichi and Yamauchi, Yukiko},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194925},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum computing, distributed algorithms, CONGEST model, LOCAL model}
}
Document
Prime Scenarios in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning

Authors: Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 278, 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)


Abstract
The concept of prime implicant is a fundamental tool in Boolean algebra, which is used in Boolean circuit design and, recently, in explainable AI. This study investigates an analogous concept in qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning, called prime scenario. Specifically, we define a prime scenario of a qualitative constraint network (QCN) as a minimal set of decisions that can uniquely determine solutions of this QCN. We propose in this paper a collection of algorithms designed to address various problems related to prime scenarios. The first three algorithms aim to generate a prime scenario from a scenario of a QCN. The main idea consists in using path consistency to identify the constraints that can be ignored to generate a prime scenario. The next two algorithms focus on generating a set of prime scenarios that cover all the scenarios of the original QCN: The first algorithm examines every branch of the search tree, while the second is based on the use of a SAT encoding. Our last algorithm is concerned with computing a minimum-size prime scenario by using a MaxSAT encoding built from countermodels of the original QCN. We show that this algorithm is particularly useful for measuring the robustness of a QCN. Finally, a preliminary experimental evaluation is performed with instances of Allen’s Interval Algebra to assess the efficiency of our algorithms and, hence, also the difficulty of the newly introduced problems here.

Cite as

Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis. Prime Scenarios in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning. In 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 278, pp. 5:1-5:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{salhi_et_al:LIPIcs.TIME.2023.5,
  author =	{Salhi, Yakoub and Sioutis, Michael},
  title =	{{Prime Scenarios in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-298-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{278},
  editor =	{Artikis, Alexander and Bruse, Florian and Hunsberger, Luke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-190957},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, Qualitative Constraints, Prime Scenario, Prime Implicant, Robustness Measurement}
}
Document
Embarrassingly Greedy Inconsistency Resolution of Qualitative Constraint Networks

Authors: Michael Sioutis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 278, 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)


Abstract
In this paper, we deal with inconsistency resolution in qualitative constraint networks (QCN). This type of networks allows one to represent and reason about spatial or temporal information in a natural, human-like manner, e.g., by expressing relations of the form x {is north of ∨ is east of} y. On the other hand, inconsistency resolution involves maximizing the amount of information that is consistent in a knowledge base; in the context of QCNs, this translates to maximizing the number of constraints that can be satisfied, via obtaining a qualitative solution (scenario) of the QCN that ignores/violates as few of the original constraints as possible. To this end, we present two novel approaches: a greedy constraint-based and an optimal Partial MaxSAT-based one, with a focus on the former due to its simplicity. Specifically, the greedy technique consists in adding the constraints of a QCN to a new, initially empty network, one by one, all the while filtering out the ones that fail the satisfiability check. What makes or breaks this technique is the ordering in which the constraints will be processed to saturate the empty QCN, and for that purpose we use many different strategies to form a portfolio-style implementation. The Partial MaxSAT-based approach is powered by Horn theory-based maximal tractable subsets of relations. Finally, we compare the greedy approach with the optimal one, commenting on the trade-off between obtaining repairs that are optimal and obtaining repairs in a manner that is fast, and make our source code available for anyone to use.

Cite as

Michael Sioutis. Embarrassingly Greedy Inconsistency Resolution of Qualitative Constraint Networks. In 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 278, pp. 12:1-12:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{sioutis:LIPIcs.TIME.2023.12,
  author =	{Sioutis, Michael},
  title =	{{Embarrassingly Greedy Inconsistency Resolution of Qualitative Constraint Networks}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-298-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{278},
  editor =	{Artikis, Alexander and Bruse, Florian and Hunsberger, Luke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-191020},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, Qualitative Constraints, Inconsistency Resolution, Maximizing Satisfiability, Greedy Algorithm, Partial MaxSAT Solver}
}
Document
Extended Abstract
A Decomposition Framework for Inconsistency Handling in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (Extended Abstract)

Authors: Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 278, 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)


Abstract
Dealing with inconsistency is a central problem in AI, due to the fact that inconsistency can arise for many reasons in real-world applications, such as context dependency, multi-source information, vagueness, noisy data, etc. Among the approaches that are involved in inconsistency handling, we can mention argumentation, non-monotonic reasoning, and paraconsistency, e.g., see [Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter, 2008; Gerhard Brewka et al., 1997; Koji Tanaka et al., 2013]. In the work of [Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis, 2023], we are interested in dealing with inconsistency in the context of Qualitative Spatio-Temporal Reasoning (QSTR) [Ligozat, 2013]. QSTR is an AI framework that aims to mimic, natural, human-like representation and reasoning regarding space and time. This framework is applied to a variety of domains, such as qualitative case-based reasoning and learning [Thiago Pedro Donadon Homem et al., 2020] and visual sensemaking [Jakob Suchan et al., 2021]; the interested reader is referred to [Michael Sioutis and Diedrich Wolter, 2021] for a recent survey. Motivation. In [Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis, 2023], we study the decomposition of an inconsistent constraint network into consistent subnetworks under, possible, mandatory constraints. To illustrate the interest of such a decomposition, we provide a simple example described in Figure 1. The QCN depicted in the top part of the figure corresponds to a description of an inconsistent plan. Further, we assume that the constraint Task A {before} Task B is mandatory. To handle inconsistency, this plan can be transformed into a decomposition of two consistent plans, depicted in the bottom part of the figure; this decomposition can be used, e.g., to capture the fact that Task C must be performed twice. More generally, network decomposition can be involved in inconsistency handling in several ways: it can be used to identify potential contexts that explain the presence of inconsistent information; it can also be used to restore consistency through a compromise between the components of a decomposition, e.g., by using belief merging [Jean-François Condotta et al., 2010]; in addition, QCN decomposition can be used as the basis for defining inconsistency measures. Contributions. We summarize the contributions of [Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis, 2023] as follows. First, we propose a theoretical study of a problem that consists in decomposing an inconsistent QCN into a bounded number of consistent QCNs that may satisfy a specified part in the original QCN; intuitively, the required common part corresponds to the constraints that are considered necessary, if any. To this end, we provide upper bounds for the minimum number of components in a decomposition as well as computational complexity results. Secondly, we provide two methods for solving our decomposition problem. The first method corresponds to a greedy constraint-based algorithm, a variant of which involves the use of spanning trees; the basic idea of this variant is that any acyclic constraint graph in QSTR is consistent, and such a graph can be used as a starting point for building consistent components. The second method corresponds to a SAT-based encoding; every model of this encoding is used to construct a valid decomposition. Thirdly, we consider two optimization versions of the initial decomposition problem that focus on minimizing the number of components and maximizing the similarity between components, respectively. The similarity between two QCNs is quantified by the number of common non-universal constraints; the interest in maximizing the similarity lies mainly in the fact that it reduces the number of constraints that allow each component to be distinguished from the rest. Of course, our previous methods are adapted to tackle these optimization versions, too. Additionally, we introduce two inconsistency measures based on QCN decomposition, which can be seen as counterparts of measures for propositional KBs introduced in [Matthias Thimm, 2016; Meriem Ammoura et al., 2017], and show that they satisfy several desired properties in the literature. Finally, we provide implementations of our methods for computing decompositions and experimentally evaluate them using different metrics.

Cite as

Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis. A Decomposition Framework for Inconsistency Handling in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (Extended Abstract). In 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 278, pp. 16:1-16:3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{salhi_et_al:LIPIcs.TIME.2023.16,
  author =	{Salhi, Yakoub and Sioutis, Michael},
  title =	{{A Decomposition Framework for Inconsistency Handling in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:3},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-298-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{278},
  editor =	{Artikis, Alexander and Bruse, Florian and Hunsberger, Luke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-191062},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, Qualitative Constraints, Inconsistency Handling, Decomposition, Inconsistency Measures}
}
Document
Complexity of Reconfiguration in Surface Chemical Reaction Networks

Authors: Robert M. Alaniz, Josh Brunner, Michael Coulombe, Erik D. Demaine, Jenny Diomidova, Timothy Gomez, Elise Grizzell, Ryan Knobel, Jayson Lynch, Andrew Rodriguez, Robert Schweller, and Tim Wylie

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 276, 29th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 29) (2023)


Abstract
We analyze the computational complexity of basic reconfiguration problems for the recently introduced surface Chemical Reaction Networks (sCRNs), where ordered pairs of adjacent species nondeterministically transform into a different ordered pair of species according to a predefined set of allowed transition rules (chemical reactions). In particular, two questions that are fundamental to the simulation of sCRNs are whether a given configuration of molecules can ever transform into another given configuration, and whether a given cell can ever contain a given species, given a set of transition rules. We show that these problems can be solved in polynomial time, are NP-complete, or are PSPACE-complete in a variety of different settings, including when adjacent species just swap instead of arbitrary transformation (swap sCRNs), and when cells can change species a limited number of times (k-burnout). Most problems turn out to be at least NP-hard except with very few distinct species (2 or 3).

Cite as

Robert M. Alaniz, Josh Brunner, Michael Coulombe, Erik D. Demaine, Jenny Diomidova, Timothy Gomez, Elise Grizzell, Ryan Knobel, Jayson Lynch, Andrew Rodriguez, Robert Schweller, and Tim Wylie. Complexity of Reconfiguration in Surface Chemical Reaction Networks. In 29th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 29). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 276, pp. 10:1-10:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{alaniz_et_al:LIPIcs.DNA.29.10,
  author =	{Alaniz, Robert M. and Brunner, Josh and Coulombe, Michael and Demaine, Erik D. and Diomidova, Jenny and Gomez, Timothy and Grizzell, Elise and Knobel, Ryan and Lynch, Jayson and Rodriguez, Andrew and Schweller, Robert and Wylie, Tim},
  title =	{{Complexity of Reconfiguration in Surface Chemical Reaction Networks}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 29)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-297-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{276},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Evans, Constantine G.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.29.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-187936},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.29.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Chemical Reaction Networks, reconfiguration, hardness}
}
Document
Structural Parameterizations for Two Bounded Degree Problems Revisited

Authors: Michael Lampis and Manolis Vasilakis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 274, 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)


Abstract
We revisit two well-studied problems, Bounded Degree Vertex Deletion and Defective Coloring, where the input is a graph G and a target degree Δ and we are asked either to edit or partition the graph so that the maximum degree becomes bounded by Δ. Both problems are known to be parameterized intractable for the most well-known structural parameters, such as treewidth. We revisit the parameterization by treewidth, as well as several related parameters and present a more fine-grained picture of the complexity of both problems. In particular: - Both problems admit straightforward DP algorithms with table sizes (Δ+2)^tw and (χ_d(Δ+1))^{tw} respectively, where tw is the input graph’s treewidth and χ_d the number of available colors. We show that, under the SETH, both algorithms are essentially optimal, for any non-trivial fixed values of Δ, χ_d, even if we replace treewidth by pathwidth. Along the way, we obtain an algorithm for Defective Coloring with complexity quasi-linear in the table size, thus settling the complexity of both problems for treewidth and pathwidth. - Given that the standard DP algorithm is optimal for treewidth and pathwidth, we then go on to consider the more restricted parameter tree-depth. Here, previously known lower bounds imply that, under the ETH, Bounded Vertex Degree Deletion and Defective Coloring cannot be solved in time n^o(∜{td}) and n^o(√{td}) respectively, leaving some hope that a qualitatively faster algorithm than the one for treewidth may be possible. We close this gap by showing that neither problem can be solved in time n^o(td), under the ETH, by employing a recursive low tree-depth construction that may be of independent interest. - Finally, we consider a structural parameter that is known to be restrictive enough to render both problems FPT: vertex cover. For both problems the best known algorithm in this setting has a super-exponential dependence of the form vc^𝒪(vc). We show that this is optimal, as an algorithm with dependence of the form vc^o(vc) would violate the ETH. Our proof relies on a new application of the technique of d-detecting families introduced by Bonamy et al. [ToCT 2019]. Our results, although mostly negative in nature, paint a clear picture regarding the complexity of both problems in the landscape of parameterized complexity, since in all cases we provide essentially matching upper and lower bounds.

Cite as

Michael Lampis and Manolis Vasilakis. Structural Parameterizations for Two Bounded Degree Problems Revisited. In 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 274, pp. 77:1-77:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{lampis_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2023.77,
  author =	{Lampis, Michael and Vasilakis, Manolis},
  title =	{{Structural Parameterizations for Two Bounded Degree Problems Revisited}},
  booktitle =	{31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)},
  pages =	{77:1--77:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-295-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{274},
  editor =	{G{\o}rtz, Inge Li and Farach-Colton, Martin and Puglisi, Simon J. and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.77},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-187302},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.77},
  annote =	{Keywords: ETH, Parameterized Complexity, SETH}
}
Document
Optimal Algorithms for Learning Quantum Phase States

Authors: Srinivasan Arunachalam, Sergey Bravyi, Arkopal Dutt, and Theodore J. Yoder

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 266, 18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)


Abstract
We analyze the complexity of learning n-qubit quantum phase states. A degree-d phase state is defined as a superposition of all 2ⁿ basis vectors x with amplitudes proportional to (-1)^{f(x)}, where f is a degree-d Boolean polynomial over n variables. We show that the sample complexity of learning an unknown degree-d phase state is Θ(n^d) if we allow separable measurements and Θ(n^{d-1}) if we allow entangled measurements. Our learning algorithm based on separable measurements has runtime poly(n) (for constant d) and is well-suited for near-term demonstrations as it requires only single-qubit measurements in the Pauli X and Z bases. We show similar bounds on the sample complexity for learning generalized phase states with complex-valued amplitudes. We further consider learning phase states when f has sparsity-s, degree-d in its 𝔽₂ representation (with sample complexity O(2^d sn)), f has Fourier-degree-t (with sample complexity O(2^{2t})), and learning quadratic phase states with ε-global depolarizing noise (with sample complexity O(n^{1+ε})). These learning algorithms give us a procedure to learn the diagonal unitaries of the Clifford hierarchy and IQP circuits.

Cite as

Srinivasan Arunachalam, Sergey Bravyi, Arkopal Dutt, and Theodore J. Yoder. Optimal Algorithms for Learning Quantum Phase States. In 18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 266, pp. 3:1-3:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{arunachalam_et_al:LIPIcs.TQC.2023.3,
  author =	{Arunachalam, Srinivasan and Bravyi, Sergey and Dutt, Arkopal and Yoder, Theodore J.},
  title =	{{Optimal Algorithms for Learning Quantum Phase States}},
  booktitle =	{18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-283-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{266},
  editor =	{Fawzi, Omar and Walter, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183139},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Tomography, binary phase states, generalized phase states, IQP circuits}
}
Document
Rewindable Quantum Computation and Its Equivalence to Cloning and Adaptive Postselection

Authors: Ryo Hiromasa, Akihiro Mizutani, Yuki Takeuchi, and Seiichiro Tani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 266, 18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)


Abstract
We define rewinding operators that invert quantum measurements. Then, we define complexity classes RwBQP, CBQP, and AdPostBQP as sets of decision problems solvable by polynomial-size quantum circuits with a polynomial number of rewinding operators, cloning operators, and adaptive postselections, respectively. Our main result is that BPP^PP ⊆ RwBQP = CBQP = AdPostBQP ⊆ PSPACE. As a byproduct of this result, we show that any problem in PostBQP can be solved with only postselections of outputs whose probabilities are polynomially close to one. Under the strongly believed assumption that BQP ⊉ SZK, or the shortest independent vectors problem cannot be efficiently solved with quantum computers, we also show that a single rewinding operator is sufficient to achieve tasks that are intractable for quantum computation. In addition, we consider rewindable Clifford and instantaneous quantum polynomial time circuits.

Cite as

Ryo Hiromasa, Akihiro Mizutani, Yuki Takeuchi, and Seiichiro Tani. Rewindable Quantum Computation and Its Equivalence to Cloning and Adaptive Postselection. In 18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 266, pp. 9:1-9:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{hiromasa_et_al:LIPIcs.TQC.2023.9,
  author =	{Hiromasa, Ryo and Mizutani, Akihiro and Takeuchi, Yuki and Tani, Seiichiro},
  title =	{{Rewindable Quantum Computation and Its Equivalence to Cloning and Adaptive Postselection}},
  booktitle =	{18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-283-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{266},
  editor =	{Fawzi, Omar and Walter, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183193},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum computing, Postselection, Lattice problems}
}
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