14 Search Results for "Shalev, Ben-David"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.39
Quantum and Classical Communication Complexity of Permutation-Invariant Functions

Authors: Ziyi Guan, Yunqi Huang, Penghui Yao, and Zekun Ye

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 289, 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)

Abstract
This paper gives a nearly tight characterization of the quantum communication complexity of the permutation-invariant Boolean functions. With such a characterization, we show that the quantum and randomized communication complexity of the permutation-invariant Boolean functions are quadratically equivalent (up to a logarithmic factor). Our results extend a recent line of research regarding query complexity [Scott Aaronson and Andris Ambainis, 2014; André Chailloux, 2019; Shalev Ben-David et al., 2020] to communication complexity, showing symmetry prevents exponential quantum speedups. Furthermore, we show the Log-rank Conjecture holds for any non-trivial total permutation-invariant Boolean function. Moreover, we establish a relationship between the quantum/classical communication complexity and the approximate rank of permutation-invariant Boolean functions. This implies the correctness of the Log-approximate-rank Conjecture for permutation-invariant Boolean functions in both randomized and quantum settings (up to a logarithmic factor).
Cite as

Ziyi Guan, Yunqi Huang, Penghui Yao, and Zekun Ye. Quantum and Classical Communication Complexity of Permutation-Invariant Functions. In 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 289, pp. 39:1-39:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{guan_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2024.39,
  author =	{Guan, Ziyi and Huang, Yunqi and Yao, Penghui and Ye, Zekun},
  title =	{{Quantum and Classical Communication Complexity of Permutation-Invariant Functions}},
  booktitle =	{41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)},
  pages =	{39:1--39:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-311-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{289},
  editor =	{Beyersdorff, Olaf and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha and Kupferman, Orna and Lokshtanov, Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.39},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-197498},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.39},
  annote =	{Keywords: Communication complexity, Permutation-invariant functions, Log-rank Conjecture, Quantum advantages}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.55
On the Fine-Grained Query Complexity of Symmetric Functions

Authors: Supartha Podder, Penghui Yao, and Zekun Ye

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 283, 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)

Abstract
Watrous conjectured that the randomized and quantum query complexities of symmetric functions are polynomially equivalent, which was resolved by Ambainis and Aaronson [Scott Aaronson and Andris Ambainis, 2014], and was later improved in [André Chailloux, 2019; Shalev Ben-David et al., 2020]. This paper explores a fine-grained version of the Watrous conjecture, including the randomized and quantum algorithms with success probabilities arbitrarily close to 1/2. Our contributions include the following: 1) An analysis of the optimal success probability of quantum and randomized query algorithms of two fundamental partial symmetric Boolean functions given a fixed number of queries. We prove that for any quantum algorithm computing these two functions using T queries, there exist randomized algorithms using poly(T) queries that achieve the same success probability as the quantum algorithm, even if the success probability is arbitrarily close to 1/2. These two classes of functions are instrumental in analyzing general symmetric functions. 2) We establish that for any total symmetric Boolean function f, if a quantum algorithm uses T queries to compute f with success probability 1/2+β, then there exists a randomized algorithm using O(T²) queries to compute f with success probability 1/2 + Ω(δβ²) on a 1-δ fraction of inputs, where β,δ can be arbitrarily small positive values. As a corollary, we prove a randomized version of Aaronson-Ambainis Conjecture [Scott Aaronson and Andris Ambainis, 2014] for total symmetric Boolean functions in the regime where the success probability of algorithms can be arbitrarily close to 1/2. 3) We present polynomial equivalences for several fundamental complexity measures of partial symmetric Boolean functions. Specifically, we first prove that for certain partial symmetric Boolean functions, quantum query complexity is at most quadratic in approximate degree for any error arbitrarily close to 1/2. Next, we show exact quantum query complexity is at most quadratic in degree. Additionally, we give the tight bounds of several complexity measures, indicating their polynomial equivalence. Conversely, we exhibit an exponential separation between randomized and exact quantum query complexity for certain partial symmetric Boolean functions.
Cite as

Supartha Podder, Penghui Yao, and Zekun Ye. On the Fine-Grained Query Complexity of Symmetric Functions. In 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 283, pp. 55:1-55:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{podder_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.55,
  author =	{Podder, Supartha and Yao, Penghui and Ye, Zekun},
  title =	{{On the Fine-Grained Query Complexity of Symmetric Functions}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)},
  pages =	{55:1--55:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-289-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{283},
  editor =	{Iwata, Satoru and Kakimura, Naonori},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.55},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-193570},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.55},
  annote =	{Keywords: Query complexity, Symmetric functions, Quantum advantages}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.30
On Query-To-Communication Lifting for Adversary Bounds

Authors: Anurag Anshu, Shalev Ben-David, and Srijita Kundu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 200, 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)

Abstract
We investigate query-to-communication lifting theorems for models related to the quantum adversary bounds. Our results are as follows: 1) We show that the classical adversary bound lifts to a lower bound on randomized communication complexity with a constant-sized gadget. We also show that the classical adversary bound is a strictly stronger lower bound technique than the previously-lifted measure known as critical block sensitivity, making our lifting theorem one of the strongest lifting theorems for randomized communication complexity using a constant-sized gadget. 2) Turning to quantum models, we show a connection between lifting theorems for quantum adversary bounds and secure 2-party quantum computation in a certain "honest-but-curious" model. Under the assumption that such secure 2-party computation is impossible, we show that a simplified version of the positive-weight adversary bound lifts to a quantum communication lower bound using a constant-sized gadget. We also give an unconditional lifting theorem which lower bounds bounded-round quantum communication protocols. 3) Finally, we give some new results in query complexity. We show that the classical adversary and the positive-weight quantum adversary are quadratically related. We also show that the positive-weight quantum adversary is never larger than the square of the approximate degree. Both relations hold even for partial functions.
Cite as

Anurag Anshu, Shalev Ben-David, and Srijita Kundu. On Query-To-Communication Lifting for Adversary Bounds. In 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 200, pp. 30:1-30:39, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{anshu_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2021.30,
  author =	{Anshu, Anurag and Ben-David, Shalev and Kundu, Srijita},
  title =	{{On Query-To-Communication Lifting for Adversary Bounds}},
  booktitle =	{36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:39},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-193-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{200},
  editor =	{Kabanets, Valentine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-143042},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum computing, query complexity, communication complexity, lifting theorems, adversary method}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.28
When Is Amplification Necessary for Composition in Randomized Query Complexity?

Authors: Shalev Ben-David, Mika Göös, Robin Kothari, and Thomas Watson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 176, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)

Abstract
Suppose we have randomized decision trees for an outer function f and an inner function g. The natural approach for obtaining a randomized decision tree for the composed function (f∘ gⁿ)(x¹,…,xⁿ) = f(g(x¹),…,g(xⁿ)) involves amplifying the success probability of the decision tree for g, so that a union bound can be used to bound the error probability over all the coordinates. The amplification introduces a logarithmic factor cost overhead. We study the question: When is this log factor necessary? We show that when the outer function is parity or majority, the log factor can be necessary, even for models that are more powerful than plain randomized decision trees. Our results are related to, but qualitatively strengthen in various ways, known results about decision trees with noisy inputs.
Cite as

Shalev Ben-David, Mika Göös, Robin Kothari, and Thomas Watson. When Is Amplification Necessary for Composition in Randomized Query Complexity?. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 176, pp. 28:1-28:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bendavid_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.28,
  author =	{Ben-David, Shalev and G\"{o}\"{o}s, Mika and Kothari, Robin and Watson, Thomas},
  title =	{{When Is Amplification Necessary for Composition in Randomized Query Complexity?}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-164-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{176},
  editor =	{Byrka, Jaros{\l}aw and Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126316},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Amplification, composition, query complexity}
}
Document
APPROX
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.50
Streaming Complexity of SVMs

Authors: Alexandr Andoni, Collin Burns, Yi Li, Sepideh Mahabadi, and David P. Woodruff

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 176, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)

Abstract
We study the space complexity of solving the bias-regularized SVM problem in the streaming model. In particular, given a data set (x_i,y_i) ∈ ℝ^d× {-1,+1}, the objective function is F_λ(θ,b) = λ/2‖(θ,b)‖₂² + 1/n∑_{i=1}ⁿ max{0,1-y_i(θ^Tx_i+b)} and the goal is to find the parameters that (approximately) minimize this objective. This is a classic supervised learning problem that has drawn lots of attention, including for developing fast algorithms for solving the problem approximately: i.e., for finding (θ,b) such that F_λ(θ,b) ≤ min_{(θ',b')} F_λ(θ',b')+ε. One of the most widely used algorithms for approximately optimizing the SVM objective is Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), which requires only O(1/λε) random samples, and which immediately yields a streaming algorithm that uses O(d/λε) space. For related problems, better streaming algorithms are only known for smooth functions, unlike the SVM objective that we focus on in this work. We initiate an investigation of the space complexity for both finding an approximate optimum of this objective, and for the related "point estimation" problem of sketching the data set to evaluate the function value F_λ on any query (θ, b). We show that, for both problems, for dimensions d = 1,2, one can obtain streaming algorithms with space polynomially smaller than 1/λε, which is the complexity of SGD for strongly convex functions like the bias-regularized SVM [Shalev-Shwartz et al., 2007], and which is known to be tight in general, even for d = 1 [Agarwal et al., 2009]. We also prove polynomial lower bounds for both point estimation and optimization. In particular, for point estimation we obtain a tight bound of Θ(1/√{ε}) for d = 1 and a nearly tight lower bound of Ω̃(d/{ε}²) for d = Ω(log(1/ε)). Finally, for optimization, we prove a Ω(1/√{ε}) lower bound for d = Ω(log(1/ε)), and show similar bounds when d is constant.
Cite as

Alexandr Andoni, Collin Burns, Yi Li, Sepideh Mahabadi, and David P. Woodruff. Streaming Complexity of SVMs. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 176, pp. 50:1-50:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{andoni_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.50,
  author =	{Andoni, Alexandr and Burns, Collin and Li, Yi and Mahabadi, Sepideh and Woodruff, David P.},
  title =	{{Streaming Complexity of SVMs}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-164-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{176},
  editor =	{Byrka, Jaros{\l}aw and Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126532},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: support vector machine, streaming algorithm, space lower bound, sketching algorithm, point estimation}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.9
The Power of Many Samples in Query Complexity

Authors: Andrew Bassilakis, Andrew Drucker, Mika Göös, Lunjia Hu, Weiyun Ma, and Li-Yang Tan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 168, 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)

Abstract
The randomized query complexity 𝖱(f) of a boolean function f: {0,1}ⁿ → {0,1} is famously characterized (via Yao’s minimax) by the least number of queries needed to distinguish a distribution 𝒟₀ over 0-inputs from a distribution 𝒟₁ over 1-inputs, maximized over all pairs (𝒟₀,𝒟₁). We ask: Does this task become easier if we allow query access to infinitely many samples from either 𝒟₀ or 𝒟₁? We show the answer is no: There exists a hard pair (𝒟₀,𝒟₁) such that distinguishing 𝒟₀^∞ from 𝒟₁^∞ requires Θ(𝖱(f)) many queries. As an application, we show that for any composed function f∘g we have 𝖱(f∘g) ≥ Ω(fbs(f)𝖱(g)) where fbs denotes fractional block sensitivity.
Cite as

Andrew Bassilakis, Andrew Drucker, Mika Göös, Lunjia Hu, Weiyun Ma, and Li-Yang Tan. The Power of Many Samples in Query Complexity. In 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 168, pp. 9:1-9:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bassilakis_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.9,
  author =	{Bassilakis, Andrew and Drucker, Andrew and G\"{o}\"{o}s, Mika and Hu, Lunjia and Ma, Weiyun and Tan, Li-Yang},
  title =	{{The Power of Many Samples in Query Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-138-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{168},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Dawar, Anuj and Merelli, Emanuela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-124163},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Query complexity, Composition theorems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.16
Quantum Algorithms for Classical Probability Distributions

Authors: Aleksandrs Belovs

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 144, 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)

Abstract
We study quantum algorithms working on classical probability distributions. We formulate four different models for accessing a classical probability distribution on a quantum computer, which are derived from previous work on the topic, and study their mutual relationships. Additionally, we prove that quantum query complexity of distinguishing two probability distributions is given by their inverse Hellinger distance, which gives a quadratic improvement over classical query complexity for any pair of distributions. The results are obtained by using the adversary method for state-generating input oracles and for distinguishing probability distributions on input strings.
Cite as

Aleksandrs Belovs. Quantum Algorithms for Classical Probability Distributions. In 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 144, pp. 16:1-16:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{belovs:LIPIcs.ESA.2019.16,
  author =	{Belovs, Aleksandrs},
  title =	{{Quantum Algorithms for Classical Probability Distributions}},
  booktitle =	{27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:11},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-124-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{144},
  editor =	{Bender, Michael A. and Svensson, Ola and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-111370},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantum query complexity, quantum adversary method, distinguishing probability distributions, Hellinger distance}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.29
Optimal Separation and Strong Direct Sum for Randomized Query Complexity

Authors: Eric Blais and Joshua Brody

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 137, 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)

Abstract
We establish two results regarding the query complexity of bounded-error randomized algorithms. Bounded-error separation theorem. There exists a total function f : {0,1}^n -> {0,1} whose epsilon-error randomized query complexity satisfies overline{R}_epsilon(f) = Omega(R(f) * log 1/epsilon). Strong direct sum theorem. For every function f and every k >= 2, the randomized query complexity of computing k instances of f simultaneously satisfies overline{R}_epsilon(f^k) = Theta(k * overline{R}_{epsilon/k}(f)). As a consequence of our two main results, we obtain an optimal superlinear direct-sum-type theorem for randomized query complexity: there exists a function f for which R(f^k) = Theta(k log k * R(f)). This answers an open question of Drucker (2012). Combining this result with the query-to-communication complexity lifting theorem of Göös, Pitassi, and Watson (2017), this also shows that there is a total function whose public-coin randomized communication complexity satisfies R^{cc}(f^k) = Theta(k log k * R^{cc}(f)), answering a question of Feder, Kushilevitz, Naor, and Nisan (1995).
Cite as

Eric Blais and Joshua Brody. Optimal Separation and Strong Direct Sum for Randomized Query Complexity. In 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 137, pp. 29:1-29:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{blais_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2019.29,
  author =	{Blais, Eric and Brody, Joshua},
  title =	{{Optimal Separation and Strong Direct Sum for Randomized Query Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-116-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{137},
  editor =	{Shpilka, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108511},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: Decision trees, query complexity, communication complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2019.2
Quantum Distinguishing Complexity, Zero-Error Algorithms, and Statistical Zero Knowledge

Authors: Shalev Ben-David and Robin Kothari

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 135, 14th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2019)

Abstract
We define a new query measure we call quantum distinguishing complexity, denoted QD(f) for a Boolean function f. Unlike a quantum query algorithm, which must output a state close to |0> on a 0-input and a state close to |1> on a 1-input, a "quantum distinguishing algorithm" can output any state, as long as the output states for any 0-input and 1-input are distinguishable. Using this measure, we establish a new relationship in query complexity: For all total functions f, Q_0(f)=O~(Q(f)^5), where Q_0(f) and Q(f) denote the zero-error and bounded-error quantum query complexity of f respectively, improving on the previously known sixth power relationship. We also define a query measure based on quantum statistical zero-knowledge proofs, QSZK(f), which is at most Q(f). We show that QD(f) in fact lower bounds QSZK(f) and not just Q(f). QD(f) also upper bounds the (positive-weights) adversary bound, which yields the following relationships for all f: Q(f) >= QSZK(f) >= QD(f) = Omega(Adv(f)). This sheds some light on why the adversary bound proves suboptimal bounds for problems like Collision and Set Equality, which have low QSZK complexity. Lastly, we show implications for lifting theorems in communication complexity. We show that a general lifting theorem for either zero-error quantum query complexity or for QSZK would imply a general lifting theorem for bounded-error quantum query complexity.
Cite as

Shalev Ben-David and Robin Kothari. Quantum Distinguishing Complexity, Zero-Error Algorithms, and Statistical Zero Knowledge. In 14th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 135, pp. 2:1-2:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{bendavid_et_al:LIPIcs.TQC.2019.2,
  author =	{Ben-David, Shalev and Kothari, Robin},
  title =	{{Quantum Distinguishing Complexity, Zero-Error Algorithms, and Statistical Zero Knowledge}},
  booktitle =	{14th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2019)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-112-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{135},
  editor =	{van Dam, Wim and Man\v{c}inska, Laura},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2019.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103944},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2019.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum query complexity, quantum algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28
Low-Sensitivity Functions from Unambiguous Certificates

Authors: Shalev Ben-David, Pooya Hatami, and Avishay Tal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 67, 8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017)

Abstract
We provide new query complexity separations against sensitivity for total Boolean functions: a power 3 separation between deterministic (and even randomized or quantum) query complexity and sensitivity, and a power 2.22 separation between certificate complexity and sensitivity. We get these separations by using a new connection between sensitivity and a seemingly unrelated measure called one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity. We also show that one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity is lower-bounded by fractional block sensitivity, which means we cannot use these techniques to get a super-quadratic separation between block sensitivity and sensitivity. Along the way, we give a power 1.22 separation between certificate complexity and one-sided unambiguous certificate complexity, improving the power 1.128 separation due to Goos [FOCS 2015]. As a consequence, we obtain an improved lower-bound on the co-nondeterministic communication complexity of the Clique vs. Independent Set problem.
Cite as

Shalev Ben-David, Pooya Hatami, and Avishay Tal. Low-Sensitivity Functions from Unambiguous Certificates. In 8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 67, pp. 28:1-28:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bendavid_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28,
  author =	{Ben-David, Shalev and Hatami, Pooya and Tal, Avishay},
  title =	{{Low-Sensitivity Functions from Unambiguous Certificates}},
  booktitle =	{8th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2017)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-029-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{67},
  editor =	{Papadimitriou, Christos H.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-81869},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2017.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Boolean functions, decision tree complexity, query complexity, sensitivity conjecture}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017.24
Separating Quantum Communication and Approximate Rank

Authors: Anurag Anshu, Shalev Ben-David, Ankit Garg, Rahul Jain, Robin Kothari, and Troy Lee

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 79, 32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017)

Abstract
One of the best lower bound methods for the quantum communication complexity of a function H (with or without shared entanglement) is the logarithm of the approximate rank of the communication matrix of H. This measure is essentially equivalent to the approximate gamma-2 norm and generalized discrepancy, and subsumes several other lower bounds. All known lower bounds on quantum communication complexity in the general unbounded-round model can be shown via the logarithm of approximate rank, and it was an open problem to give any separation at all between quantum communication complexity and the logarithm of the approximate rank. In this work we provide the first such separation: We exhibit a total function H with quantum communication complexity almost quadratically larger than the logarithm of its approximate rank. We construct H using the communication lookup function framework of Anshu et al. (FOCS 2016) based on the cheat sheet framework of Aaronson et al. (STOC 2016). From a starting function F, this framework defines a new function H=F_G. Our main technical result is a lower bound on the quantum communication complexity of F_G in terms of the discrepancy of F, which we do via quantum information theoretic arguments. We show the upper bound on the approximate rank of F_G by relating it to the Boolean circuit size of the starting function F.
Cite as

Anurag Anshu, Shalev Ben-David, Ankit Garg, Rahul Jain, Robin Kothari, and Troy Lee. Separating Quantum Communication and Approximate Rank. In 32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 79, pp. 24:1-24:33, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{anshu_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2017.24,
  author =	{Anshu, Anurag and Ben-David, Shalev and Garg, Ankit and Jain, Rahul and Kothari, Robin and Lee, Troy},
  title =	{{Separating Quantum Communication and Approximate Rank}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:33},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-040-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{79},
  editor =	{O'Donnell, Ryan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-75303},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2017.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Communication Complexity, Quantum Computing, Lower Bounds, logrank, Quantum Information}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2016.7
The Structure of Promises in Quantum Speedups

Authors: Shalev Ben-David

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 61, 11th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2016)

Abstract
In 1998, Beals, Buhrman, Cleve, Mosca, and de Wolf showed that no super-polynomial quantum speedup is possible in the query complexity setting unless there is a promise on the input. We examine several types of "unstructured" promises, and show that they also are not compatible with super-polynomial quantum speedups. We conclude that such speedups are only possible when the input is known to have some structure. Specifically, we show that there is a polynomial relationship of degree 18 between D(f) and Q(f) for any Boolean function f defined on permutations (elements of [n]^n in which each alphabet element occurs exactly once). More generally, this holds for all f defined on orbits of the symmetric group action (which acts on an element of [M]^n by permuting its entries). We also show that any Boolean function f defined on a "symmetric" subset of the Boolean hypercube has a polynomial relationship between R(f) and Q(f) - although in that setting, D(f) may be exponentially larger.
Cite as

Shalev Ben-David. The Structure of Promises in Quantum Speedups. In 11th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 61, pp. 7:1-7:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{bendavid:LIPIcs.TQC.2016.7,
  author =	{Ben-David, Shalev},
  title =	{{The Structure of Promises in Quantum Speedups}},
  booktitle =	{11th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2016)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-019-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{61},
  editor =	{Broadbent, Anne},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2016.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-66882},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2016.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum computing, quantum query complexity, decision tree complexity, lower bounds, quantum adversary method}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.60
Randomized Query Complexity of Sabotaged and Composed Functions

Authors: Ben-David Shalev and Robin Kothari

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 55, 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)

Abstract
We study the composition question for bounded-error randomized query complexity: Is R(f circ g) = Omega(R(f)R(g))? We show that inserting a simple function h, whose query complexity is onlyTheta(log R(g)), in between f and g allows us to prove R(f circ h circ g) = Omega(R(f)R(h)R(g)). We prove this using a new lower bound measure for randomized query complexity we call randomized sabotage complexity, RS(f). Randomized sabotage complexity has several desirable properties, such as a perfect composition theorem, RS(f circ g) >= RS(f) RS(g), and a composition theorem with randomized query complexity, R(f circ g) = Omega(R(f) RS(g)). It is also a quadratically tight lower bound for total functions and can be quadratically superior to the partition bound, the best known general lower bound for randomized query complexity. Using this technique we also show implications for lifting theorems in communication complexity. We show that a general lifting theorem from zero-error randomized query to communication complexity implies a similar result for bounded-error algorithms for all total functions.
Cite as

Ben-David Shalev and Robin Kothari. Randomized Query Complexity of Sabotaged and Composed Functions. In 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 55, pp. 60:1-60:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{shalev_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.60,
  author =	{Shalev, Ben-David and Kothari, Robin},
  title =	{{Randomized Query Complexity of Sabotaged and Composed Functions}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)},
  pages =	{60:1--60:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-013-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Mitzenmacher, Michael and Rabani, Yuval and Sangiorgi, Davide},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.60},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-62233},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.60},
  annote =	{Keywords: Randomized query complexity, decision tree complexity, composition theorem, partition bound, lifting theorem}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.26
Sculpting Quantum Speedups

Authors: Scott Aaronson and Shalev Ben-David

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 50, 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)

Abstract
Given a problem which is intractable for both quantum and classical algorithms, can we find a sub-problem for which quantum algorithms provide an exponential advantage? We refer to this problem as the "sculpting problem." In this work, we give a full characterization of sculptable functions in the query complexity setting. We show that a total function f can be restricted to a promise P such that Q(f|_P)=O(polylog(N)) and R(f|_P)=N^{Omega(1)}, if and only if f has a large number of inputs with large certificate complexity. The proof uses some interesting techniques: for one direction, we introduce new relationships between randomized and quantum query complexity in various settings, and for the other direction, we use a recent result from communication complexity due to Klartag and Regev. We also characterize sculpting for other query complexity measures, such as R(f) vs. R_0(f) and R_0(f) vs. D(f). Along the way, we prove some new relationships for quantum query complexity: for example, a nearly quadratic relationship between Q(f) and D(f) whenever the promise of f is small. This contrasts with the recent super-quadratic query complexity separations, showing that the maximum gap between classical and quantum query complexities is indeed quadratic in various settings - just not for total functions! Lastly, we investigate sculpting in the Turing machine model. We show that if there is any BPP-bi-immune language in BQP, then every language outside BPP can be restricted to a promise which places it in PromiseBQP but not in PromiseBPP. Under a weaker assumption, that some problem in BQP is hard on average for P/poly, we show that every paddable language outside BPP is sculptable in this way.
Cite as

Scott Aaronson and Shalev Ben-David. Sculpting Quantum Speedups. In 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 50, pp. 26:1-26:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{aaronson_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2016.26,
  author =	{Aaronson, Scott and Ben-David, Shalev},
  title =	{{Sculpting Quantum Speedups}},
  booktitle =	{31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-008-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{50},
  editor =	{Raz, Ran},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-58538},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum Computing, Query Complexity, Decision Tree Complexity, Structural Complexity}
}
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