DROPS

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.6

Omega-Regular Verification and Control for Distributional Specifications in MDPs

Authors: S. Akshay, Ouldouz Neysari, and Ðorđe Žikelić

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 348, 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)

Abstract

A classical approach to studying Markov decision processes (MDPs) is to view them as state transformers. However, MDPs can also be viewed as distribution transformers, where an MDP under a strategy generates a sequence of probability distributions over MDP states. This view arises in several applications, even as the probabilistic model checking problem becomes much harder compared to the classical state transformer counterpart. It is known that even distributional reachability and safety problems become computationally intractable (Skolem- and positivity-hard). To address this challenge, recent works focused on sound but possibly incomplete methods for verification and control of MDPs under the distributional view. However, existing automated methods are applicable only to distributional reachability, safety and reach-avoidance specifications. In this work, we present the first automated method for verification and control of MDPs with respect to distributional omega-regular specifications. To achieve this, we propose a novel notion of distributional certificates, which are sound and complete proof rules for proving that an MDP under a distributionally memoryless strategy satisfies some distributional omega-regular specification. We then use our distributional certificates to design the first fully automated algorithms for verification and control of MDPs with respect to distributional omega-regular specifications. Our algorithms follow a template-based synthesis approach and provide soundness and relative completeness guarantees, while running in PSPACE. Our prototype implementation demonstrates practical applicability of our algorithms to challenging examples collected from the literature.

Cite as

S. Akshay, Ouldouz Neysari, and Ðorđe Žikelić. Omega-Regular Verification and Control for Distributional Specifications in MDPs. In 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 348, pp. 6:1-6:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{akshay_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.6,
  author =	{Akshay, S. and Neysari, Ouldouz and \v{Z}ikeli\'{c}, Ðor{\d}e},
  title =	{{Omega-Regular Verification and Control for Distributional Specifications in MDPs}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-389-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{348},
  editor =	{Bouyer, Patricia and van de Pol, Jaco},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239562},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: MDPs, Distributional objectives, \omega-regularity, Certificates}
}

Document

Invited Talk

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.2

Let’s Try to Be More Tolerant: On Tolerant Property Testing and Distance Approximation (Invited Talk)

Authors: Dana Ron

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 334, 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)

Abstract

This short paper accompanies an invited talk given at ICALP2025. It is an informal, high-level presentation of tolerant testing and distance approximation. It includes some general results as well as a few specific ones, with the aim of providing a taste of this research direction within the area of sublinear algorithms.

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Dana Ron. Let’s Try to Be More Tolerant: On Tolerant Property Testing and Distance Approximation (Invited Talk). In 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 334, pp. 2:1-2:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{ron:LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.2,
  author =	{Ron, Dana},
  title =	{{Let’s Try to Be More Tolerant: On Tolerant Property Testing and Distance Approximation}},
  booktitle =	{52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:10},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-372-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{334},
  editor =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Grandoni, Fabrizio and Ouaknine, Jo\"{e}l and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233798},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sublinear Algorithms, Tolerant Property Testing, Distance Approximation}
}

Document

Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.141

The Trichotomy of Regular Property Testing

Authors: Gabriel Bathie, Nathanaël Fijalkow, and Corto Mascle

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 334, 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)

Abstract

Property testing is concerned with the design of algorithms making a sublinear number of queries to distinguish whether the input satisfies a given property or is far from having this property. A seminal paper of Alon, Krivelevich, Newman, and Szegedy in 2001 introduced property testing of formal languages: the goal is to determine whether an input word belongs to a given language, or is far from any word in that language. They constructed the first property testing algorithm for the class of all regular languages. This opened a line of work with improved complexity results and applications to streaming algorithms. In this work, we show a trichotomy result: the class of regular languages can be divided into three classes, each associated with an optimal query complexity. Our analysis yields effective characterizations for all three classes using so-called minimal blocking sequences, reasoning directly and combinatorially on automata.

Cite as

Gabriel Bathie, Nathanaël Fijalkow, and Corto Mascle. The Trichotomy of Regular Property Testing. In 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 334, pp. 141:1-141:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{bathie_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.141,
  author =	{Bathie, Gabriel and Fijalkow, Nathana\"{e}l and Mascle, Corto},
  title =	{{The Trichotomy of Regular Property Testing}},
  booktitle =	{52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2025)},
  pages =	{141:1--141:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-372-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{334},
  editor =	{Censor-Hillel, Keren and Grandoni, Fabrizio and Ouaknine, Jo\"{e}l and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.141},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-235186},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2025.141},
  annote =	{Keywords: property testing, regular languages}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.17

Contrasting Deadlock-Free Session Processes

Authors: Juan C. Jaramillo and Jorge A. Pérez

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 333, 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)

Abstract

Deadlock freedom is a crucial property for message-passing programs. Over the years, several different type systems for concurrent processes that ensure deadlock freedom have been proposed; this diversity raises the question of how they compare. We address this question, considering two type systems not covered in prior work: Kokke et al.’s HCP, a type system based on a linear logic with hypersequents, and Padovani’s priority-based type system for asynchronous processes, dubbed 𝖯. Their distinctive features make formal comparisons relevant and challenging. Our findings are two-fold: (1) the hypersequent setting does not drastically change the class of deadlock-free processes induced by linear logic, and (2) we relate the classes of deadlock-free processes induced by HCP and 𝖯. We prove that our results hold under both synchronous and asynchronous communication. Our results provide new insights into the essential mechanisms involved in statically avoiding deadlocks in concurrency.

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Juan C. Jaramillo and Jorge A. Pérez. Contrasting Deadlock-Free Session Processes. In 39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 333, pp. 17:1-17:29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{jaramillo_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.17,
  author =	{Jaramillo, Juan C. and P\'{e}rez, Jorge A.},
  title =	{{Contrasting Deadlock-Free Session Processes}},
  booktitle =	{39th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2025)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:29},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-373-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{333},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233103},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2025.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: session types, process calculi, deadlock freedom}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LITES.10.1.2

Towards a Coq-verified Chain of Esterel Semantics

Authors: Lionel Rieg and Gérard Berry

Published in: LITES, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2025). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract

This article focuses on formally specifying and verifying the chain of formal semantics of the Esterel synchronous programming language using the Coq proof assistant. In particular, in addition to the standard logical (LBS) semantics, constructive semantics (CBS) and constructive state semantics (CSS), we introduce a novel microstep semantics that gets rid of the Must/Can potential function pair of the constructive semantics and can be viewed as an abstract version of Esterel’s circuit semantics used by compilers to generate software code and hardware designs. The article also comes with formal proofs in Coq of the equivalence between the CBS and CSS semantics and of the refinement of the CSS by the microstep semantics, except for the loop construct of Esterel.

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Lionel Rieg and Gérard Berry. Towards a Coq-verified Chain of Esterel Semantics. In LITES, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2025). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 2:1-2:54, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@Article{rieg_et_al:LITES.10.1.2,
  author =	{Rieg, Lionel and Berry, G\'{e}rard},
  title =	{{Towards a Coq-verified Chain of Esterel Semantics}},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{2:1--2:54},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{10},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES.10.1.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-230144},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES.10.1.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Esterel programming language, formal verification, Coq proof assistant}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.37

On the Existential Theory of the Reals Enriched with Integer Powers of a Computable Number

Authors: Jorge Gallego-Hernández and Alessio Mansutti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 327, 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)

Abstract

This paper investigates ∃ℝ(ξ^ℤ), that is the extension of the existential theory of the reals by an additional unary predicate ξ^ℤ for the integer powers of a fixed computable real number ξ > 0. If all we have access to is a Turing machine computing ξ, it is not possible to decide whether an input formula from this theory is satisfiable. However, we show an algorithm to decide this problem when - ξ is known to be transcendental, or - ξ is a root of some given integer polynomial (that is, ξ is algebraic). In other words, knowing the algebraicity of ξ suffices to circumvent undecidability. Furthermore, we establish complexity results under the proviso that ξ enjoys what we call a polynomial root barrier. Using this notion, we show that the satisfiability problem of ∃ℝ(ξ^ℤ) is - in ExpSpace if ξ is an algebraic number, and - in 3Exp if ξ is a logarithm of an algebraic number, Euler’s e, or the number π, among others. To establish our results, we first observe that the satisfiability problem of ∃ℝ(ξ^ℤ) reduces in exponential time to the problem of solving quantifier-free instances of the theory of the reals where variables range over ξ^ℤ. We then prove that these instances have a small witness property: only finitely many integer powers of ξ must be considered to find whether a formula is satisfiable. Our complexity results are shown by relying on well-established machinery from Diophantine approximation and transcendental number theory, such as bounds for the transcendence measure of numbers. As a by-product of our results, we are able to remove the appeal to Schanuel’s conjecture from the proof of decidability of the entropic risk threshold problem for stochastic games with rational probabilities, rewards and threshold [Baier et al., MFCS, 2023]: when the base of the entropic risk is e and the aversion factor is a fixed algebraic number, the problem is (unconditionally) in Exp.

Cite as

Jorge Gallego-Hernández and Alessio Mansutti. On the Existential Theory of the Reals Enriched with Integer Powers of a Computable Number. In 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 327, pp. 37:1-37:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{gallegohernandez_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2025.37,
  author =	{Gallego-Hern\'{a}ndez, Jorge and Mansutti, Alessio},
  title =	{{On the Existential Theory of the Reals Enriched with Integer Powers of a Computable Number}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)},
  pages =	{37:1--37:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-365-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{327},
  editor =	{Beyersdorff, Olaf and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Pimentel, Elaine and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.37},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-228635},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.37},
  annote =	{Keywords: Theory of the reals with exponentiation, decision procedures, computability}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.65

Online Versus Offline Adversaries in Property Testing

Authors: Esty Kelman, Ephraim Linder, and Sofya Raskhodnikova

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 325, 16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2025)

Abstract

We study property testing with incomplete or noisy inputs. The models we consider allow for adversarial manipulation of the input, but differ in whether the manipulation can be done only offline, i.e., before the execution of the algorithm, or online, i.e., as the algorithm runs. The manipulations by an adversary can come in the form of erasures or corruptions. We compare the query complexity and the randomness complexity of property testing in the offline and online models. Kalemaj, Raskhodnikova, and Varma (Theory Comput. `23) provide properties that can be tested with a small number of queries with offline erasures, but cannot be tested at all with online erasures. We demonstrate that the two models are incomparable in terms of query complexity: we construct properties that can be tested with a constant number of queries in the online corruption model, but require querying a significant fraction of the input in the offline erasure model. We also construct properties that exhibit a strong separation between the randomness complexity of testing in the presence of offline and online adversaries: testing these properties in the online model requires exponentially more random bits than in the offline model, even when they are tested with nearly the same number of queries in both models. Our randomness separation relies on a novel reduction from randomness-efficient testers in the adversarial online model to query-efficient testers in the standard model.

Cite as

Esty Kelman, Ephraim Linder, and Sofya Raskhodnikova. Online Versus Offline Adversaries in Property Testing. In 16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 325, pp. 65:1-65:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{kelman_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.65,
  author =	{Kelman, Esty and Linder, Ephraim and Raskhodnikova, Sofya},
  title =	{{Online Versus Offline Adversaries in Property Testing}},
  booktitle =	{16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2025)},
  pages =	{65:1--65:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-361-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{325},
  editor =	{Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.65},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-226933},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.65},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing, Online Adversary, Offline Adversary, Query Complexity, Randomness Complexity, Separations}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.34

Directed Hypercube Routing, a Generalized Lehman-Ron Theorem, and Monotonicity Testing

Authors: Deeparnab Chakrabarty and C. Seshadhri

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 325, 16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2025)

Abstract

Motivated by applications to monotonicity testing, Lehman and Ron (JCTA, 2001) proved the existence of a collection of vertex disjoint paths between comparable sub-level sets in the directed hypercube. The main technical contribution of this paper is a new proof method that yields a generalization of their theorem: we prove the existence of two edge-disjoint collections of vertex disjoint paths. Our main conceptual contributions are conjectures on directed hypercube flows with simultaneous vertex and edge capacities of which our generalized Lehman-Ron theorem is a special case. We show that these conjectures imply directed isoperimetric theorems, and in particular, the robust directed Talagrand inequality due to Khot, Minzer, and Safra (SIAM J. on Comp, 2018). These isoperimetric inequalities, that relate the directed surface area (of a set in the hypercube) to its distance to monotonicity, have been crucial in obtaining the best monotonicity testers for Boolean functions. We believe our conjectures pave the way towards combinatorial proofs of these directed isoperimetry theorems.

Cite as

Deeparnab Chakrabarty and C. Seshadhri. Directed Hypercube Routing, a Generalized Lehman-Ron Theorem, and Monotonicity Testing. In 16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 325, pp. 34:1-34:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{chakrabarty_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.34,
  author =	{Chakrabarty, Deeparnab and Seshadhri, C.},
  title =	{{Directed Hypercube Routing, a Generalized Lehman-Ron Theorem, and Monotonicity Testing}},
  booktitle =	{16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2025)},
  pages =	{34:1--34:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-361-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{325},
  editor =	{Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.34},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-226623},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.34},
  annote =	{Keywords: Monotonicity testing, isoperimetric inequalities, hypercube routing}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LITES.8.2.3

Higher-Dimensional Timed and Hybrid Automata

Authors: Uli Fahrenberg

Published in: LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2 (2022): Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract

We introduce a new formalism of higher-dimensional timed automata, based on Pratt and van Glabbeek’s higher-dimensional automata and Alur and Dill’s timed automata. We prove that their reachability is PSPACE-complete and can be decided using zone-based algorithms. We also extend the setting to higher-dimensional hybrid automata.The interest of our formalism is in modeling systems which exhibit both real-time behavior and concurrency. Other existing formalisms for real-time modeling identify concurrency and interleaving, which, as we shall argue, is problematic.

Cite as

Uli Fahrenberg. Higher-Dimensional Timed and Hybrid Automata. In LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2 (2022): Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 03:1-03:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{fahrenberg:LITES.8.2.3,
  author =	{Fahrenberg, Uli},
  title =	{{Higher-Dimensional Timed and Hybrid Automata}},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{03:1--03:16},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{2},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES.8.2.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-192951},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES.8.2.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: timed automaton, higher-dimensional automaton, precubical set, real time, non-interleaving concurrency, hybrid automaton}
}

Document

Invited Paper

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.2

Model Checking Randomized Security Protocols (Invited Paper)

Authors: A. Prasad Sistla

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 122, 38th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2018)

Abstract

The design of security protocols is extremely subtle and is prone to serious faults. Many tools for automatic analysis of such protocols have been developed. However, none of them have the ability to model protocols that use explicit randomization. Such randomized protocols are being increasingly used in systems to provide privacy and anonymity guarantees. In this talk we consider the problem of automatic verification of randomized security protocols. We consider verification of secrecy and indistinguishability properties under a powerful threat model of Dolev-Yao adversary. We present some complexity bounds on verification of these properties. We also describe practical algorithms for checking indistinguishability. These algorithms have been implemented in the tool SPAN and have been experimentally evaluated. The talk concludes with future challenges. (Joint work with: Matt Bauer, Rohit Chadha and Mahesh Viswanathan)

Cite as

A. Prasad Sistla. Model Checking Randomized Security Protocols (Invited Paper). In 38th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 122, p. 2:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{sistla:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.2,
  author =	{Sistla, A. Prasad},
  title =	{{Model Checking Randomized Security Protocols}},
  booktitle =	{38th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2018)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:1},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-093-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{122},
  editor =	{Ganguly, Sumit and Pandya, Paritosh},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-99018},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2018.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Randomized Protocols, Verification}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.26

Relating Syntactic and Semantic Perturbations of Hybrid Automata

Authors: Nima Roohi, Pavithra Prabhakar, and Mahesh Viswanathan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 118, 29th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2018)

Abstract

We investigate how the semantics of a hybrid automaton deviates with respect to syntactic perturbations on the hybrid automaton. We consider syntactic perturbations of a hybrid automaton, wherein the syntactic representations of its elements, namely, initial sets, invariants, guards, and flows, in some logic are perturbed. Our main result establishes a continuity like property that states that small perturbations in the syntax lead to small perturbations in the semantics. More precisely, we show that for every real number epsilon>0 and natural number k, there is a real number delta>0 such that H^delta, the delta syntactic perturbation of a hybrid automaton H, is epsilon-simulation equivalent to H up to k transition steps. As a byproduct, we obtain a proof that a bounded safety verification tool such as dReach will eventually prove the safety of a safe hybrid automaton design (when only non-strict inequalities are used in all constraints) if dReach iteratively reduces the syntactic parameter delta that is used in checking approximate satisfiability. This has an immediate application in counter-example validation in a CEGAR framework, namely, when a counter-example is spurious, then we have a complete procedure for deducing the same.

Cite as

Nima Roohi, Pavithra Prabhakar, and Mahesh Viswanathan. Relating Syntactic and Semantic Perturbations of Hybrid Automata. In 29th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 118, pp. 26:1-26:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{roohi_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.26,
  author =	{Roohi, Nima and Prabhakar, Pavithra and Viswanathan, Mahesh},
  title =	{{Relating Syntactic and Semantic Perturbations of Hybrid Automata}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2018)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-087-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{118},
  editor =	{Schewe, Sven and Zhang, Lijun},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-95644},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Model Checking, Hybrid Automata, Approximation, Perturbation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.14

Approximating Probabilistic Automata by Regular Languages

Authors: Rohit Chadha, A. Prasad Sistla, and Mahesh Viswanathan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 119, 27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018)

Abstract

A probabilistic finite automaton (PFA) A is said to be regular-approximable with respect to (x,y), if there is a regular language that contains all words accepted by A with probability at least x+y, but does not contain any word accepted with probability at most x. We show that the problem of determining if a PFA A is regular-approximable with respect to (x,y) is not recursively enumerable. We then show that many tractable sub-classes of PFAs identified in the literature - hierarchical PFAs, polynomially ambiguous PFAs, and eventually weakly ergodic PFAs - are regular-approximable with respect to all (x,y). Establishing the regular-approximability of a PFA has the nice consequence that its value can be effectively approximated, and the emptiness problem can be decided under the assumption of isolation.

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Rohit Chadha, A. Prasad Sistla, and Mahesh Viswanathan. Approximating Probabilistic Automata by Regular Languages. In 27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 119, pp. 14:1-14:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{chadha_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2018.14,
  author =	{Chadha, Rohit and Sistla, A. Prasad and Viswanathan, Mahesh},
  title =	{{Approximating Probabilistic Automata by Regular Languages}},
  booktitle =	{27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-088-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{119},
  editor =	{Ghica, Dan R. and Jung, Achim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-96815},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Probabilistic Finite Automata, Regular Languages, Ambiguity}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.31

A Decidable Fragment of Second Order Logic With Applications to Synthesis

Authors: P. Madhusudan, Umang Mathur, Shambwaditya Saha, and Mahesh Viswanathan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 119, 27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018)

Abstract

We propose a fragment of many-sorted second order logic called EQSMT and show that checking satisfiability of sentences in this fragment is decidable. EQSMT formulae have an exists^*forall^* quantifier prefix (over variables, functions and relations) making EQSMT conducive for modeling synthesis problems. Moreover, EQSMT allows reasoning using a combination of background theories provided that they have a decidable satisfiability problem for the exists^*forall^* FO-fragment (e.g., linear arithmetic). Our decision procedure reduces the satisfiability of EQSMT formulae to satisfiability queries of exists^*forall^* formulae of each individual background theory, allowing us to use existing efficient SMT solvers supporting exists^*forall^* reasoning for these theories; hence our procedure can be seen as effectively quantified SMT (EQSMT) reasoning.

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P. Madhusudan, Umang Mathur, Shambwaditya Saha, and Mahesh Viswanathan. A Decidable Fragment of Second Order Logic With Applications to Synthesis. In 27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 119, pp. 31:1-31:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{madhusudan_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2018.31,
  author =	{Madhusudan, P. and Mathur, Umang and Saha, Shambwaditya and Viswanathan, Mahesh},
  title =	{{A Decidable Fragment of Second Order Logic With Applications to Synthesis}},
  booktitle =	{27th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2018)},
  pages =	{31:1--31:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-088-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{119},
  editor =	{Ghica, Dan R. and Jung, Achim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.31},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-96987},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2018.31},
  annote =	{Keywords: second order logic, synthesis, decidable fragment}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.35

Complexity of Model Checking MDPs against LTL Specifications

Authors: Dileep Kini and Mahesh Viswanathan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 93, 37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2017)

Abstract

Given a Markov Decision Process (MDP) M, an LTL formula \varphi, and a threshold \theta \in [0,1], the verification question is to determine if there is a scheduler with respect to which the executions of M satisfying \varphi have probability greater than (or greater than or equal to) \theta. When \theta = 0, we call it the qualitative verification problem, and when \theta \in (0,1], we call it the quantitative verification problem. In this paper we study the precise complexity of these problems when the specification is constrained to be in different fragments of LTL.

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Dileep Kini and Mahesh Viswanathan. Complexity of Model Checking MDPs against LTL Specifications. In 37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 93, pp. 35:1-35:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{kini_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.35,
  author =	{Kini, Dileep and Viswanathan, Mahesh},
  title =	{{Complexity of Model Checking MDPs against LTL Specifications}},
  booktitle =	{37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2017)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-055-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{93},
  editor =	{Lokam, Satya and Ramanujam, R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-83928},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2017.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: Markov Decision Processes, Linear Temporal Logic, model checking, complexity}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LITES-v004-i001-a003

Quantitative Analysis of Consistency in NoSQL Key-Value Stores

Authors: Si Liu, Jatin Ganhotra, Muntasir Raihan Rahman, Son Nguyen, Indranil Gupta, and José Meseguer

Published in: LITES, Volume 4, Issue 1 (2017). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 4, Issue 1

Abstract

The promise of high scalability and availability has prompted many companies to replace traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS) with NoSQL key-value stores. This comes at the cost of relaxed consistency guarantees: key-value stores only guarantee eventual consistency in principle. In practice, however, many key-value stores seem to offer stronger consistency. Quantifying how well consistency properties are met is a non-trivial problem. We address this problem by formally modeling key-value stores as probabilistic systems and quantitatively analyzing their consistency properties by both statistical model checking and implementation evaluation. We present for the first time a formal probabilistic model of Apache Cassandra, a popular NoSQL key-value store, and quantify how much Cassandra achieves various consistency guarantees under various conditions. To validate our model, we evaluate multiple consistency properties using two methods and compare them against each other. The two methods are: (1) an implementation-based evaluation of the source code; and (2) a statistical model checking analysis of our probabilistic model.

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Si Liu, Jatin Ganhotra, Muntasir Raihan Rahman, Son Nguyen, Indranil Gupta, and José Meseguer. Quantitative Analysis of Consistency in NoSQL Key-Value Stores. In LITES, Volume 4, Issue 1 (2017). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 03:1-03:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@Article{liu_et_al:LITES-v004-i001-a003,
  author =	{Liu, Si and Ganhotra, Jatin and Rahman, Muntasir Raihan and Nguyen, Son and Gupta, Indranil and Meseguer, Jos\'{e}},
  title =	{{Quantitative Analysis of Consistency in NoSQL Key-Value Stores}},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{03:1--03:26},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{4},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES-v004-i001-a003},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-192649},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES-v004-i001-a003},
  annote =	{Keywords: NoSQL Key-value Store, Consistency, Statistical Model Checking, Rewriting Logic, Maude}
}

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