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Documents authored by Simonov, Kirill

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.18
Consistency Checking Problems: A Gateway to Parameterized Sample Complexity

Authors: Robert Ganian, Liana Khazaliya, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 285, 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)

Abstract
Recently, Brand, Ganian and Simonov introduced a parameterized refinement of the classical PAC-learning sample complexity framework. A crucial outcome of their investigation is that for a very wide range of learning problems, there is a direct and provable correspondence between fixed-parameter PAC-learnability (in the sample complexity setting) and the fixed-parameter tractability of a corresponding "consistency checking" search problem (in the setting of computational complexity). The latter can be seen as generalizations of classical search problems where instead of receiving a single instance, one receives multiple yes- and no-examples and is tasked with finding a solution which is consistent with the provided examples. Apart from a few initial results, consistency checking problems are almost entirely unexplored from a parameterized complexity perspective. In this article, we provide an overview of these problems and their connection to parameterized sample complexity, with the primary aim of facilitating further research in this direction. Afterwards, we establish the fixed-parameter (in)-tractability for some of the arguably most natural consistency checking problems on graphs, and show that their complexity-theoretic behavior is surprisingly very different from that of classical decision problems. Our new results cover consistency checking variants of problems as diverse as (k-)Path, Matching, 2-Coloring, Independent Set and Dominating Set, among others.
Cite as

Robert Ganian, Liana Khazaliya, and Kirill Simonov. Consistency Checking Problems: A Gateway to Parameterized Sample Complexity. In 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 285, pp. 18:1-18:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{ganian_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.18,
  author =	{Ganian, Robert and Khazaliya, Liana and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Consistency Checking Problems: A Gateway to Parameterized Sample Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-305-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{285},
  editor =	{Misra, Neeldhara and Wahlstr\"{o}m, Magnus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194374},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: consistency checking, sample complexity, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.46
The st-Planar Edge Completion Problem Is Fixed-Parameter Tractable

Authors: Liana Khazaliya, Philipp Kindermann, Giuseppe Liotta, Fabrizio Montecchiani, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 283, 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)

Abstract
The problem of deciding whether a biconnected planar digraph G = (V,E) can be augmented to become an st-planar graph by adding a set of oriented edges E' ⊆ V × V is known to be NP-complete. We show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the size of the set E'.
Cite as

Liana Khazaliya, Philipp Kindermann, Giuseppe Liotta, Fabrizio Montecchiani, and Kirill Simonov. The st-Planar Edge Completion Problem Is Fixed-Parameter Tractable. In 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 283, pp. 46:1-46:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{khazaliya_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.46,
  author =	{Khazaliya, Liana and Kindermann, Philipp and Liotta, Giuseppe and Montecchiani, Fabrizio and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{The st-Planar Edge Completion Problem Is Fixed-Parameter Tractable}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)},
  pages =	{46:1--46:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-289-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{283},
  editor =	{Iwata, Satoru and Kakimura, Naonori},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.46},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-193483},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.46},
  annote =	{Keywords: st-planar graphs, parameterized complexity, upward planarity}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.60
Approximating Long Cycle Above Dirac’s Guarantee

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
Parameterization above (or below) a guarantee is a successful concept in parameterized algorithms. The idea is that many computational problems admit "natural" guarantees bringing to algorithmic questions whether a better solution (above the guarantee) could be obtained efficiently. For example, for every boolean CNF formula on m clauses, there is an assignment that satisfies at least m/2 clauses. How difficult is it to decide whether there is an assignment satisfying more than m/2 + k clauses? Or, if an n-vertex graph has a perfect matching, then its vertex cover is at least n/2. Is there a vertex cover of size at least n/2 + k for some k ≥ 1 and how difficult is it to find such a vertex cover? The above guarantee paradigm has led to several exciting discoveries in the areas of parameterized algorithms and kernelization. We argue that this paradigm could bring forth fresh perspectives on well-studied problems in approximation algorithms. Our example is the longest cycle problem. One of the oldest results in extremal combinatorics is the celebrated Dirac’s theorem from 1952. Dirac’s theorem provides the following guarantee on the length of the longest cycle: for every 2-connected n-vertex graph G with minimum degree δ(G) ≤ n/2, the length of the longest cycle L is at least 2δ(G). Thus the "essential" part of finding the longest cycle is in approximating the "offset" k = L - 2δ(G). The main result of this paper is the above-guarantee approximation theorem for k. Informally, the theorem says that approximating the offset k is not harder than approximating the total length L of a cycle. In other words, for any (reasonably well-behaved) function f, a polynomial time algorithm constructing a cycle of length f(L) in an undirected graph with a cycle of length L, yields a polynomial time algorithm constructing a cycle of length 2δ(G)+Ω(f(k)).
Cite as

Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov. Approximating Long Cycle Above Dirac’s Guarantee. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 60:1-60:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.60,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Sagunov, Danil and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Approximating Long Cycle Above Dirac’s Guarantee}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{60:1--60:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.60},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181128},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.60},
  annote =	{Keywords: Longest path, longest cycle, approximation algorithms, above guarantee parameterization, minimum degree, Dirac theorem}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.4
FPT Approximation for Fair Minimum-Load Clustering

Authors: Sayan Bandyapadhyay, Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Nidhi Purohit, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 249, 17th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2022)

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the Minimum-Load k-Clustering/Facility Location (MLkC) problem where we are given a set P of n points in a metric space that we have to cluster and an integer k > 0 that denotes the number of clusters. Additionally, we are given a set F of cluster centers in the same metric space. The goal is to select a set C ⊆ F of k centers and assign each point in P to a center in C, such that the maximum load over all centers is minimized. Here the load of a center is the sum of the distances between it and the points assigned to it. Although clustering/facility location problems have rich literature, the minimum-load objective has not been studied substantially, and hence MLkC has remained a poorly understood problem. More interestingly, the problem is notoriously hard even in some special cases including the one in line metrics as shown by Ahmadian et al. [APPROX 2014, ACM Trans. Algorithms 2018]. They also show APX-hardness of the problem in the plane. On the other hand, the best-known approximation factor for MLkC is O(k), even in the plane. In this work, we study a fair version of MLkC inspired by the work of Chierichetti et al. [NeurIPS, 2017]. Here the input points are partitioned into 𝓁 protected groups, and only clusters that proportionally represent each group are allowed. MLkC is the special case with 𝓁 = 1. For the fair version, we are able to obtain a randomized 3-approximation algorithm in f(k,𝓁)⋅ n^O(1) time. Also, our scheme leads to an improved (1 + ε)-approximation in the case of Euclidean norm with the same running time (depending also linearly on the dimension d). Our results imply the same approximations for MLkC with running time f(k)⋅ n^O(1), achieving the first constant-factor FPT approximations for this problem in general and Euclidean metric spaces.
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Sayan Bandyapadhyay, Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Nidhi Purohit, and Kirill Simonov. FPT Approximation for Fair Minimum-Load Clustering. In 17th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 249, pp. 4:1-4:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{bandyapadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.4,
  author =	{Bandyapadhyay, Sayan and Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Purohit, Nidhi and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{FPT Approximation for Fair Minimum-Load Clustering}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2022)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-260-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{249},
  editor =	{Dell, Holger and Nederlof, Jesper},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173600},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2022.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: fair clustering, load balancing, parameterized approximation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.55
Longest Cycle Above Erdős-Gallai Bound

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 244, 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)

Abstract
In 1959, Erdős and Gallai proved that every graph G with average vertex degree ad(G) ≥ 2 contains a cycle of length at least ad(G). We provide an algorithm that for k ≥ 0 in time 2^𝒪(k)⋅n^𝒪(1) decides whether a 2-connected n-vertex graph G contains a cycle of length at least ad(G)+k. This resolves an open problem explicitly mentioned in several papers. The main ingredients of our algorithm are new graph-theoretical results interesting on their own.
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Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov. Longest Cycle Above Erdős-Gallai Bound. In 30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 244, pp. 55:1-55:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2022.55,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Sagunov, Danil and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Longest Cycle Above Erd\H{o}s-Gallai Bound}},
  booktitle =	{30th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2022)},
  pages =	{55:1--55:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-247-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{244},
  editor =	{Chechik, Shiri and Navarro, Gonzalo and Rotenberg, Eva and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.55},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-169935},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2022.55},
  annote =	{Keywords: Longest path, longest cycle, fixed-parameter tractability, above guarantee parameterization, average degree, Erd\H{o}s and Gallai theorem}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.1
Long Cycles in Graphs: Extremal Combinatorics Meets Parameterized Algorithms (Invited Talk)

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 241, 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)

Abstract
We discuss recent algorithmic extensions of two classic results of extremal combinatorics about long paths in graphs. First, the theorem of Dirac from 1952 asserts that a 2-connected graph G with the minimum vertex degree d > 1, is either Hamiltonian or contains a cycle of length at least 2d. Second, the theorem of Erdős-Gallai from 1959, states that a graph G with the average vertex degree D > 1, contains a cycle of length at least D. The proofs of these theorems are constructive, they provide polynomial-time algorithms constructing cycles of lengths 2d and D. We extend these algorithmic results by showing that each of the problems, to decide whether a 2-connected graph contains a cycle of length at least 2d+k or of a cycle of length at least D+k, is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by k.
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Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov. Long Cycles in Graphs: Extremal Combinatorics Meets Parameterized Algorithms (Invited Talk). In 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 241, pp. 1:1-1:4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.1,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Sagunov, Danil and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Long Cycles in Graphs: Extremal Combinatorics Meets Parameterized Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:4},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-256-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{241},
  editor =	{Szeider, Stefan and Ganian, Robert and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-167999},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Longest path, longest cycle, fixed-parameter tractability, above guarantee parameterization, average degree, dense graph, Dirac theorem, Erd\H{o}s-Gallai theorem}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.15
Weighted Model Counting with Twin-Width

Authors: Robert Ganian, Filip Pokrývka, André Schidler, Kirill Simonov, and Stefan Szeider

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 236, 25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022)

Abstract
Bonnet et al. (FOCS 2020) introduced the graph invariant twin-width and showed that many NP-hard problems are tractable for graphs of bounded twin-width, generalizing similar results for other width measures, including treewidth and clique-width. In this paper, we investigate the use of twin-width for solving the propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) and propositional model counting. We particularly focus on Bounded-ones Weighted Model Counting (BWMC), which takes as input a CNF formula F along with a bound k and asks for the weighted sum of all models with at most k positive literals. BWMC generalizes not only SAT but also (weighted) model counting. We develop the notion of "signed" twin-width of CNF formulas and establish that BWMC is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the certified signed twin-width of F plus k. We show that this result is tight: it is neither possible to drop the bound k nor use the vanilla twin-width instead if one wishes to retain fixed-parameter tractability, even for the easier problem SAT. Our theoretical results are complemented with an empirical evaluation and comparison of signed twin-width on various classes of CNF formulas.
Cite as

Robert Ganian, Filip Pokrývka, André Schidler, Kirill Simonov, and Stefan Szeider. Weighted Model Counting with Twin-Width. In 25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 236, pp. 15:1-15:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{ganian_et_al:LIPIcs.SAT.2022.15,
  author =	{Ganian, Robert and Pokr\'{y}vka, Filip and Schidler, Andr\'{e} and Simonov, Kirill and Szeider, Stefan},
  title =	{{Weighted Model Counting with Twin-Width}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-242-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{236},
  editor =	{Meel, Kuldeep S. and Strichman, Ofer},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-166896},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Weighted model counting, twin-width, parameterized complexity, SAT}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.66
The Fine-Grained Complexity of Graph Homomorphism Parameterized by Clique-Width

Authors: Robert Ganian, Thekla Hamm, Viktoriia Korchemna, Karolina Okrasa, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)

Abstract
The generic homomorphism problem, which asks whether an input graph G admits a homomorphism into a fixed target graph H, has been widely studied in the literature. In this article, we provide a fine-grained complexity classification of the running time of the homomorphism problem with respect to the clique-width of G (denoted cw) for virtually all choices of H under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. In particular, we identify a property of H called the signature number s(H) and show that for each H, the homomorphism problem can be solved in time O^*(s(H)^cw). Crucially, we then show that this algorithm can be used to obtain essentially tight upper bounds. Specifically, we provide a reduction that yields matching lower bounds for each H that is either a projective core or a graph admitting a factorization with additional properties - allowing us to cover all possible target graphs under long-standing conjectures.
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Robert Ganian, Thekla Hamm, Viktoriia Korchemna, Karolina Okrasa, and Kirill Simonov. The Fine-Grained Complexity of Graph Homomorphism Parameterized by Clique-Width. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 66:1-66:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{ganian_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.66,
  author =	{Ganian, Robert and Hamm, Thekla and Korchemna, Viktoriia and Okrasa, Karolina and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{The Fine-Grained Complexity of Graph Homomorphism Parameterized by Clique-Width}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)},
  pages =	{66:1--66:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-235-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{229},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Merelli, Emanuela and Woodruff, David P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.66},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164076},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.66},
  annote =	{Keywords: homomorphism, clique-width, fine-grained complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.26
Parameterized Algorithms for Upward Planarity

Authors: Steven Chaplick, Emilio Di Giacomo, Fabrizio Frati, Robert Ganian, Chrysanthi N. Raftopoulou, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 224, 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022)

Abstract
We obtain new parameterized algorithms for the classical problem of determining whether a directed acyclic graph admits an upward planar drawing. Our results include a new fixed-parameter algorithm parameterized by the number of sources, an XP-algorithm parameterized by treewidth, and a fixed-parameter algorithm parameterized by treedepth. All three algorithms are obtained using a novel framework for the problem that combines SPQR tree-decompositions with parameterized techniques. Our approach unifies and pushes beyond previous tractability results for the problem on series-parallel digraphs, single-source digraphs and outerplanar digraphs.
Cite as

Steven Chaplick, Emilio Di Giacomo, Fabrizio Frati, Robert Ganian, Chrysanthi N. Raftopoulou, and Kirill Simonov. Parameterized Algorithms for Upward Planarity. In 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 224, pp. 26:1-26:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{chaplick_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.26,
  author =	{Chaplick, Steven and Di Giacomo, Emilio and Frati, Fabrizio and Ganian, Robert and Raftopoulou, Chrysanthi N. and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Parameterized Algorithms for Upward Planarity}},
  booktitle =	{38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-227-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{224},
  editor =	{Goaoc, Xavier and Kerber, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-160349},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Upward planarity, parameterized algorithms, SPQR trees, treewidth, treedepth}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.29
Detours in Directed Graphs

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, William Lochet, Danil Sagunov, Kirill Simonov, and Saket Saurabh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 219, 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)

Abstract
We study two "above guarantee" versions of the classical Longest Path problem on undirected and directed graphs and obtain the following results. In the first variant of Longest Path that we study, called Longest Detour, the task is to decide whether a graph has an (s,t)-path of length at least dist_G(s,t)+k (where dist_G(s,t) denotes the length of a shortest path from s to t). Bezáková et al. [Ivona Bezáková et al., 2019] proved that on undirected graphs the problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) by providing an algorithm of running time 2^{O(k)}⋅ n. Further, they left the parameterized complexity of the problem on directed graphs open. Our first main result establishes a connection between Longest Detour on directed graphs and 3-Disjoint Paths on directed graphs. Using these new insights, we design a 2^{O (k)}· n^{O(1)} time algorithm for the problem on directed planar graphs. Further, the new approach yields a significantly faster FPT algorithm on undirected graphs. In the second variant of Longest Path, namely Longest Path above Diameter, the task is to decide whether the graph has a path of length at least diam(G)+k(diam(G)denotes the length of a longest shortest path in a graph G). We obtain dichotomy results about Longest Path above Diameter on undirected and directed graphs. For (un)directed graphs, Longest Path above Diameter is NP-complete even for k=1. However, if the input undirected graph is 2-connected, then the problem is FPT. On the other hand, for 2-connected directed graphs, we show that Longest Path above Diameter is solvable in polynomial time for each k ∈ {1,..., 4} and is NP-complete for every k ≥ 5. The parameterized complexity of Longest Detour on general directed graphs remains an interesting open problem.
Cite as

Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, William Lochet, Danil Sagunov, Kirill Simonov, and Saket Saurabh. Detours in Directed Graphs. In 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 219, pp. 29:1-29:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2022.29,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Lochet, William and Sagunov, Danil and Simonov, Kirill and Saurabh, Saket},
  title =	{{Detours in Directed Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-222-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{219},
  editor =	{Berenbrink, Petra and Monmege, Benjamin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-158390},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: longest path, longest detour, diameter, directed graphs, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.14
Parameterized Complexity of Feature Selection for Categorical Data Clustering

Authors: Sayan Bandyapadhyay, Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 202, 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021)

Abstract
We develop new algorithmic methods with provable guarantees for feature selection in regard to categorical data clustering. While feature selection is one of the most common approaches to reduce dimensionality in practice, most of the known feature selection methods are heuristics. We study the following mathematical model. We assume that there are some inadvertent (or undesirable) features of the input data that unnecessarily increase the cost of clustering. Consequently, we want to select a subset of the original features from the data such that there is a small-cost clustering on the selected features. More precisely, for given integers l (the number of irrelevant features) and k (the number of clusters), budget B, and a set of n categorical data points (represented by m-dimensional vectors whose elements belong to a finite set of values Σ), we want to select m-l relevant features such that the cost of any optimal k-clustering on these features does not exceed B. Here the cost of a cluster is the sum of Hamming distances (l0-distances) between the selected features of the elements of the cluster and its center. The clustering cost is the total sum of the costs of the clusters. We use the framework of parameterized complexity to identify how the complexity of the problem depends on parameters k, B, and |Σ|. Our main result is an algorithm that solves the Feature Selection problem in time f(k,B,|Σ|)⋅m^{g(k,|Σ|)}⋅n² for some functions f and g. In other words, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by B when |Σ| and k are constants. Our algorithm for Feature Selection is based on a solution to a more general problem, Constrained Clustering with Outliers. In this problem, we want to delete a certain number of outliers such that the remaining points could be clustered around centers satisfying specific constraints. One interesting fact about Constrained Clustering with Outliers is that besides Feature Selection, it encompasses many other fundamental problems regarding categorical data such as Robust Clustering, Binary and Boolean Low-rank Matrix Approximation with Outliers, and Binary Robust Projective Clustering. Thus as a byproduct of our theorem, we obtain algorithms for all these problems. We also complement our algorithmic findings with complexity lower bounds.
Cite as

Sayan Bandyapadhyay, Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, and Kirill Simonov. Parameterized Complexity of Feature Selection for Categorical Data Clustering. In 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 202, pp. 14:1-14:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{bandyapadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.14,
  author =	{Bandyapadhyay, Sayan and Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Parameterized Complexity of Feature Selection for Categorical Data Clustering}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-201-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{202},
  editor =	{Bonchi, Filippo and Puglisi, Simon J.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-144544},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Robust clustering, PCA, Low rank approximation, Hypergraph enumeration}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.23
On Coresets for Fair Clustering in Metric and Euclidean Spaces and Their Applications

Authors: Sayan Bandyapadhyay, Fedor V. Fomin, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)

Abstract
Fair clustering is a variant of constrained clustering where the goal is to partition a set of colored points. The fraction of points of each color in every cluster should be more or less equal to the fraction of points of this color in the dataset. This variant was recently introduced by Chierichetti et al. [NeurIPS 2017] and became widely popular. This paper proposes a new construction of coresets for fair k-means and k-median clustering for Euclidean and general metrics based on random sampling. For the Euclidean space ℝ^d, we provide the first coresets whose size does not depend exponentially on the dimension d. The question of whether such constructions exist was asked by Schmidt, Schwiegelshohn, and Sohler [WAOA 2019] and Huang, Jiang, and Vishnoi [NeurIPS 2019]. For general metric, our construction provides the first coreset for fair k-means and k-median. New coresets appear to be a handy tool for designing better approximation and streaming algorithms for fair and other constrained clustering variants. In particular, we obtain - the first fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) PTAS for fair k-means and k-median clustering in ℝ^d. The near-linear time of our PTAS improves over the previous scheme of Böhm, Fazzone, Leonardi, and Schwiegelshohn [ArXiv 2020] with running time n^{poly(k/ε)}; - FPT "true" constant-approximation for metric fair clustering. All previous algorithms for fair k-means and k-median in general metric are bicriteria and violate the fairness constraints; - FPT 3-approximation for lower-bounded k-median improving the best-known 3.736 factor of Bera, Chakrabarty, and Negahbani [ArXiv 2019]; - the first FPT constant-approximations for metric chromatic clustering and 𝓁-Diversity clustering; - near linear-time (in n) PTAS for capacitated and lower-bounded clustering improving over PTAS of Bhattacharya, Jaiswal, and Kumar [TOCS 2018] with super-quadratic running time; - a streaming (1+ε)-approximation for fair k-means and k-median of space complexity polynomial in k, d, ε and log{n} (the previous algorithms have exponential space complexity on either d or k).
Cite as

Sayan Bandyapadhyay, Fedor V. Fomin, and Kirill Simonov. On Coresets for Fair Clustering in Metric and Euclidean Spaces and Their Applications. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 23:1-23:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{bandyapadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.23,
  author =	{Bandyapadhyay, Sayan and Fomin, Fedor V. and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{On Coresets for Fair Clustering in Metric and Euclidean Spaces and Their Applications}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-140923},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: fair clustering, coresets, approximation algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.35
Building Large k-Cores from Sparse Graphs

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 170, 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)

Abstract
A popular model to measure network stability is the k-core, that is the maximal induced subgraph in which every vertex has degree at least k. For example, k-cores are commonly used to model the unraveling phenomena in social networks. In this model, users having less than k connections within the network leave it, so the remaining users form exactly the k-core. In this paper we study the question of whether it is possible to make the network more robust by spending only a limited amount of resources on new connections. A mathematical model for the k-core construction problem is the following Edge k-Core optimization problem. We are given a graph G and integers k, b and p. The task is to ensure that the k-core of G has at least p vertices by adding at most b edges. The previous studies on Edge k-Core demonstrate that the problem is computationally challenging. In particular, it is NP-hard when k = 3, W[1]-hard when parameterized by k+b+p (Chitnis and Talmon, 2018), and APX-hard (Zhou et al, 2019). Nevertheless, we show that there are efficient algorithms with provable guarantee when the k-core has to be constructed from a sparse graph with some additional structural properties. Our results are - When the input graph is a forest, Edge k-Core is solvable in polynomial time; - Edge k-Core is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) when parameterized by the minimum size of a vertex cover in the input graph. On the other hand, with such parameterization, the problem does not admit a polynomial kernel subject to a widely-believed assumption from complexity theory; - Edge k-Core is FPT parameterized by the treewidth of the graph plus k. This improves upon a result of Chitnis and Talmon by not requiring b to be small. Each of our algorithms is built upon a new graph-theoretical result interesting in its own.
Cite as

Fedor V. Fomin, Danil Sagunov, and Kirill Simonov. Building Large k-Cores from Sparse Graphs. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 170, pp. 35:1-35:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.35,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Sagunov, Danil and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Building Large k-Cores from Sparse Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-159-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{170},
  editor =	{Esparza, Javier and Kr\'{a}l', Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-127026},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: parameterized complexity, k-core, vertex cover, treewidth}
}
Document
APPROX
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.32
Low-Rank Binary Matrix Approximation in Column-Sum Norm

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Fahad Panolan, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 176, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)

Abstract
We consider 𝓁₁-Rank-r Approximation over {GF}(2), where for a binary m× n matrix 𝐀 and a positive integer constant r, one seeks a binary matrix 𝐁 of rank at most r, minimizing the column-sum norm ‖ 𝐀 -𝐁‖₁. We show that for every ε ∈ (0, 1), there is a {randomized} (1+ε)-approximation algorithm for 𝓁₁-Rank-r Approximation over {GF}(2) of running time m^{O(1)}n^{O(2^{4r}⋅ ε^{-4})}. This is the first polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for this problem.
Cite as

Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, Fahad Panolan, and Kirill Simonov. Low-Rank Binary Matrix Approximation in Column-Sum Norm. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 176, pp. 32:1-32:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.32,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Panolan, Fahad and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Low-Rank Binary Matrix Approximation in Column-Sum Norm}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-164-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{176},
  editor =	{Byrka, Jaros{\l}aw and Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126355},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Binary Matrix Factorization, PTAS, Column-sum norm}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.1
Parameterized Complexity of PCA (Invited Talk)

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 162, 17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020)

Abstract
We discuss some recent progress in the study of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) from the perspective of Parameterized Complexity.
Cite as

Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, and Kirill Simonov. Parameterized Complexity of PCA (Invited Talk). In 17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 162, pp. 1:1-1:5, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.1,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Parameterized Complexity of PCA}},
  booktitle =	{17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:5},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-150-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{162},
  editor =	{Albers, Susanne},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-122487},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: parameterized complexity, Robust PCA, outlier detection}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.14
Parameterized k-Clustering: Tractability Island

Authors: Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, and Kirill Simonov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 150, 39th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2019)

Abstract
In k-Clustering we are given a multiset of n vectors X subset Z^d and a nonnegative number D, and we need to decide whether X can be partitioned into k clusters C_1, ..., C_k such that the cost sum_{i=1}^k min_{c_i in R^d} sum_{x in C_i} |x-c_i|_p^p <= D, where |*|_p is the Minkowski (L_p) norm of order p. For p=1, k-Clustering is the well-known k-Median. For p=2, the case of the Euclidean distance, k-Clustering is k-Means. We study k-Clustering from the perspective of parameterized complexity. The problem is known to be NP-hard for k=2 and it is also NP-hard for d=2. It is a long-standing open question, whether the problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) for the combined parameter d+k. In this paper, we focus on the parameterization by D. We complement the known negative results by showing that for p=0 and p=infty, k-Clustering is W1-hard when parameterized by D. Interestingly, the complexity landscape of the problem appears to be more intricate than expected. We discover a tractability island of k-Clustering: for every p in (0,1], k-Clustering is solvable in time 2^O(D log D) (nd)^O(1).
Cite as

Fedor V. Fomin, Petr A. Golovach, and Kirill Simonov. Parameterized k-Clustering: Tractability Island. In 39th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 150, pp. 14:1-14:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{fomin_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.14,
  author =	{Fomin, Fedor V. and Golovach, Petr A. and Simonov, Kirill},
  title =	{{Parameterized k-Clustering: Tractability Island}},
  booktitle =	{39th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2019)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-131-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{150},
  editor =	{Chattopadhyay, Arkadev and Gastin, Paul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-115761},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: clustering, parameterized complexity, k-means, k-median}
}
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