21 Search Results for "Gilbert, Anna"


Document
Engineering Learned Heuristics to Improve Clustering for Multilevel Graph Partitioning

Authors: Simeon Schrape, Nikolai Maas, Kenneth Langedal, and Daniel Seemaier

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 371, 24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026)


Abstract
Balanced Graph Partitioning is a classical optimization problem where quality guarantees are computationally infeasible, and practical solvers therefore rely on manually engineered heuristics. Yet, the problem has also proven difficult for approaches that rely heavily on machine learning - especially since applications often need to partition graphs of huge scale in a short amount of time. Instead, we demonstrate how to achieve practical improvements with a more careful approach that uses machine learning to improve heuristic decisions within the state-of-the-art solver Mt-KaHyPar. We use a pre-trained neural network to predict a score for each edge, which then guides clustering decisions in the first phase of the partitioning (the coarsening). Combined with corresponding adjustments to the clustering algorithm and an efficient implementation of the neural network logic, we improve the overall solution quality while preserving the efficiency and scalability of the original algorithm. Our detailed evaluation on more than 180 graphs shows an average quality improvement of 2% on a class of graphs with beneficial properties, and unchanged quality on all remaining graphs. Moreover, our improvements generalize to a set of instances from the literature that are much larger than the graphs used during training.

Cite as

Simeon Schrape, Nikolai Maas, Kenneth Langedal, and Daniel Seemaier. Engineering Learned Heuristics to Improve Clustering for Multilevel Graph Partitioning. In 24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 371, pp. 25:1-25:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{schrape_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2026.25,
  author =	{Schrape, Simeon and Maas, Nikolai and Langedal, Kenneth and Seemaier, Daniel},
  title =	{{Engineering Learned Heuristics to Improve Clustering for Multilevel Graph Partitioning}},
  booktitle =	{24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-422-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{371},
  editor =	{Aum\"{u}ller, Martin and Finocchi, Irene},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2026.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-260295},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2026.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Partitioning, Graph Algorithms, Machine Learning, Neural Networks}
}
Document
Engineering Algorithms for Dynamic Greedy Set Cover

Authors: Amitai Uzrad

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 371, 24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026)


Abstract
In the dynamic set cover problem, the input is a dynamic universe of elements and a fixed collection of sets. As elements are inserted or deleted, the goal is to efficiently maintain an approximate minimum set cover. While the past decade has seen significant theoretical breakthroughs for this problem, a notable gap remains between theoretical design and practical performance, as no comprehensive experimental study currently exists to validate these results. In this paper, we bridge this gap by implementing and evaluating four greedy-based dynamic algorithms across a diverse range of real-world instances. We derive our implementations from state-of-the-art frameworks - such as [GKKP(STOC'17); SU(STOC'23); SUZ(FOCS'24)] - which we simplify by identifying and modifying intricate subroutines that optimize asymptotic bounds but hinder practical performance. We evaluate these algorithms based on solution quality (set cover size) and efficiency, which comprises update time - the time required to update the solution following each insertion/deletion - and recourse - the number of changes made to the solution per update. Each algorithm uses a parameter β to balance quality against efficiency; we investigate the influence of this tradeoff parameter on each algorithm and then perform a comparative analysis to evaluate the algorithms against each other. Our results provide the first practical insights into which algorithmic strategies provide the most value in realistic scenarios.

Cite as

Amitai Uzrad. Engineering Algorithms for Dynamic Greedy Set Cover. In 24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 371, pp. 26:1-26:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{uzrad:LIPIcs.SEA.2026.26,
  author =	{Uzrad, Amitai},
  title =	{{Engineering Algorithms for Dynamic Greedy Set Cover}},
  booktitle =	{24th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2026)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-422-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{371},
  editor =	{Aum\"{u}ller, Martin and Finocchi, Irene},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2026.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-260308},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2026.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dynamic graphs, set cover, recourse}
}
Document
A Branch-And-Bound Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Difficult Neighborhoods

Authors: Sándor P. Fekete, Rouven Kniep, Dominik Krupke, and Michael Perk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
The Traveling Salesman Problem with Neighborhoods (TSPN) generalizes the classical Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) by requiring a tour to visit a set of polygonal regions rather than fixed points, a natural goal that arises in various applications. While the geometric TSP allows arbitrarily close approximation and provably optimal solutions for benchmark instances of significant size, the TSPN is considerably more challenging, both in theory (due to APX-hardness) and practice, for which only benchmark instances up to 16 regions have been solved to optimality. Here we present a branch-and-bound algorithm that combines a spectrum of geometry-based filters (for reducing the number of considered sequences) with Second-Order Cone Programs (SOCP) (for computing optimal tours for a given permutation of neighborhoods). This allows us to solve larger polygonal TSPN instances than before to within an optimality tolerance of 0.1%; moreover, while previous work (both in theory and practice) relied on relatively benign neighborhoods, we can handle non-convex, non-simple neighborhoods of different sizes. In experiments on 490 benchmark instances with up to 50 polygons each, our method achieves a 99.6% optimality rate within 300s, with the remaining two instances solved within 595s. For 68 larger instances of size n = 60, our method still allows solving 86.8% of instances to optimality within 900s, leaving only 3 of the instances with optimality gaps above 3%, with the maximum being 5.53%.

Cite as

Sándor P. Fekete, Rouven Kniep, Dominik Krupke, and Michael Perk. A Branch-And-Bound Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Difficult Neighborhoods. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 46:1-46:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{fekete_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.46,
  author =	{Fekete, S\'{a}ndor P. and Kniep, Rouven and Krupke, Dominik and Perk, Michael},
  title =	{{A Branch-And-Bound Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Difficult Neighborhoods}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{46:1--46:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.46},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258529},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.46},
  annote =	{Keywords: Geometric optimization, geometric covering, TSP with neighborhoods, exact algorithms, algorithm engineering}
}
Document
The Hierarchy of Manifolds in a Stratification of the Set of Equivalent Linear Neural Networks

Authors: Jonathan Richard Shewchuk and Sagnik Bhattacharya

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 367, 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)


Abstract
A linear neural network computes a linear transformation of its input vector. Given a fully-connected linear network, the set of all weight vectors for which the network computes the same linear transformation is an algebraic variety in weight space, called a fiber under the matrix multiplication map. Sometimes this variety is a manifold, but usually not. The rank stratification of a fiber is a natural partition of the fiber into manifolds of various dimensions called strata. We characterize how these strata are connected to each other. They satisfy the frontier condition: if a stratum intersects the closure of another stratum, then the former stratum is a subset of the closure of the latter stratum. This subset relationship can be expressed as a partial order with a single minimal element. Our main result describes the relationship between this partial order and the ranks of certain matrices in the network. Each stratum represents a different pattern of information flow through the network, expressed as a barcode. Connections among the strata are best understood through simple transformations of the barcodes called barcode moves.

Cite as

Jonathan Richard Shewchuk and Sagnik Bhattacharya. The Hierarchy of Manifolds in a Stratification of the Set of Equivalent Linear Neural Networks. In 42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 367, pp. 91:1-91:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{shewchuk_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.91,
  author =	{Shewchuk, Jonathan Richard and Bhattacharya, Sagnik},
  title =	{{The Hierarchy of Manifolds in a Stratification of the Set of Equivalent Linear Neural Networks}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2026)},
  pages =	{91:1--91:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-418-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{367},
  editor =	{Ahn, Hee-Kap and Hoffmann, Michael and Nayyeri, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.91},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-258971},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.91},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linear neural network, real algebraic variety, stratification, multilinear algebra, product of matrices, persistence barcode, real algebraic geometry, discrete geometry}
}
Document
There Is More to Internet Invariants Than Meets the Eye

Authors: Chris Misa, Walter Willinger, Ramakrishnan Durairajan, and Reza Rejaie

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 139, 1st New Ideas in Networked Systems (NINeS 2026)


Abstract
A rich body of literature assembled over the last 30 years shows that traffic traversing wide-area Internet links is consistent with self-similar (temporal) scaling behavior and that sets of observed addresses have multifractal (spatial) scaling behavior. In view of this empirical evidence, these behaviors cannot be viewed as mere mathematical curiosities but should justifiably be called invariants of measured Internet traffic (Internet invariants, for short). At the same time, it is fair to say that the early architects of the Internet were largely unaware of these properties and certainly did not intend to design a network so that the traffic traversing its links would exhibit self-similar scaling in time or multifractal scaling in the IP address space. In this paper, we resolve this apparent disconnect between architectural intentions and observed behaviors by applying a three-part framework that leverages, at its core, the perspective of Highly Optimized Tolerance (HOT). In particular, we take inspiration from studies on the origins of (temporal) self-similarity in measured Internet traffic but focus on a fundamentally new approach to understanding multifractal (spatial) scaling behavior. Specifically, we examine whether this invariant can be viewed as a visible hallmark of underlying but largely unknown robust design efforts, and explore a reverse-engineering approach to determine the concrete nature of the constrained optimization problems that these robust designs solve. Based on the insights gained from such reverse-engineering efforts, we speculate on the benefits of future efforts at forward-engineering - systematically leveraging the identified robust designs in order to provide scientifically sound intellectual foundations and practical principles for designing future networked systems.

Cite as

Chris Misa, Walter Willinger, Ramakrishnan Durairajan, and Reza Rejaie. There Is More to Internet Invariants Than Meets the Eye. In 1st New Ideas in Networked Systems (NINeS 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 139, pp. 22:1-22:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{misa_et_al:OASIcs.NINeS.2026.22,
  author =	{Misa, Chris and Willinger, Walter and Durairajan, Ramakrishnan and Rejaie, Reza},
  title =	{{There Is More to Internet Invariants Than Meets the Eye}},
  booktitle =	{1st New Ideas in Networked Systems (NINeS 2026)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:26},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-414-7},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{139},
  editor =	{Argyraki, Katerina and Panda, Aurojit},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NINeS.2026.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-256077},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.NINeS.2026.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Internet traffic, self-similarity, multifractal scaling, reverse-engineering}
}
Document
The Secretary Problem with Predictions and a Chosen Order

Authors: Helia Karisani, Mohammadreza Daneshvaramoli, Hedyeh Beyhaghi, Mohammad Hajiesmaili, and Cameron Musco

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
We study a learning-augmented variant of the secretary problem, recently introduced by Fujii and Yoshida (2023). In this variant, the decision-maker has access to machine-learned predictions of candidate values in advance. The key challenge is to balance consistency and robustness: when the predictions are accurate, the algorithm should hire a near-best secretary; however, if they are inaccurate, the algorithm should still achieve a bounded competitive ratio. We consider both the standard Random Order Secretary Problem (ROSP), where candidates arrive in a uniform random order, and a more natural model in the learning-augmented setting, where the decision-maker can choose the arrival order based on the predicted candidate values. This model, which we call the Chosen Order Secretary Problem (COSP), can capture scenarios such as an interview schedule that is set by the decision-maker. We propose a novel algorithm that applies to both ROSP and COSP. Building on the approach of Fujii and Yoshida, our method switches from fully trusting predictions to a threshold-based rule when a large deviation of a prediction is observed. Importantly, unlike the algorithm of Fujii and Yoshida, our algorithm uses randomization as part of its decision logic. We show that if ε ∈ [0,1] denotes the maximum multiplicative prediction error, then for ROSP our algorithm achieves competitive ratio max {0.221, (1-ε)/(1+ε)}, improving on a previous bound of max {0.215, (1-ε)/(1+ε)} due to Fujii and Yoshida [Fujii and Yoshida, 2023]. For COSP, our algorithm achieves max {0.262, (1-ε)/(1+ε)}. This surpasses a 0.25 upper bound on the worst-case competitive ratio that applies to the approach of Fujii and Yoshida, and gets closer to the classical secretary benchmark of 1/e ≈ 0.368, which is an upper bound for any algorithm. Our result for COSP highlights the benefit of integrating predictions with arrival-order control in online decision-making.

Cite as

Helia Karisani, Mohammadreza Daneshvaramoli, Hedyeh Beyhaghi, Mohammad Hajiesmaili, and Cameron Musco. The Secretary Problem with Predictions and a Chosen Order. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 86:1-86:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{karisani_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.86,
  author =	{Karisani, Helia and Daneshvaramoli, Mohammadreza and Beyhaghi, Hedyeh and Hajiesmaili, Mohammad and Musco, Cameron},
  title =	{{The Secretary Problem with Predictions and a Chosen Order}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{86:1--86:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.86},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253734},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.86},
  annote =	{Keywords: Secretary problem, learning-augmented algorithms, online algorithms}
}
Document
The Hardness of Learning Quantum Circuits and Its Cryptographic Applications

Authors: Bill Fefferman, Soumik Ghosh, Makrand Sinha, and Henry Yuen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
We show that concrete hardness assumptions about learning or cloning the output state of a random quantum circuit can be used as the foundation for secure quantum cryptography. In particular, under these assumptions we construct secure one-way state generators (OWSGs), digital signature schemes, quantum bit commitments, and private key encryption schemes. We also discuss evidence for these hardness assumptions by analyzing the best-known quantum learning algorithms, as well as proving black-box lower bounds for cloning and learning given state preparation oracles. Our random circuit-based constructions provide concrete instantiations of quantum cryptographic primitives whose security do not depend on the existence of one-way functions. The use of random circuits in our constructions also opens the door to {NISQ-friendly quantum cryptography}. We discuss noise tolerant versions of our OWSG and digital signature constructions which can potentially be implementable on noisy quantum computers connected by a quantum network. On the other hand, they are still secure against {noiseless} quantum adversaries, raising the intriguing possibility of a useful implementation of an end-to-end cryptographic protocol on near-term quantum computers. Finally, our explorations suggest that the rich interconnections between learning theory and cryptography in classical theoretical computer science also extend to the quantum setting.

Cite as

Bill Fefferman, Soumik Ghosh, Makrand Sinha, and Henry Yuen. The Hardness of Learning Quantum Circuits and Its Cryptographic Applications. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 56:1-56:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{fefferman_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.56,
  author =	{Fefferman, Bill and Ghosh, Soumik and Sinha, Makrand and Yuen, Henry},
  title =	{{The Hardness of Learning Quantum Circuits and Its Cryptographic Applications}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{56:1--56:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.56},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253431},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.56},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantum learning, quantum circuits, cryptographic hardness, one-way state generators}
}
Document
Are Diagnostic Concepts Within the Reach of LLMs?

Authors: Anna Sztyber-Betley, Elodie Chanthery, Louise Travé-Massuyès, Silke Merkelbach, Karol Kukla, Maxence Glotin, Alexander Diedrich, and Oliver Niggemann

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 136, 36th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems (DX 2025)


Abstract
Model-based diagnosis is a cornerstone of system health monitoring, allowing for the identification of faulty components based on observed behavior and a formal system model. However, obtaining a useful and reliable model is often an expensive and manual task. While the generation of a formal model was the aim of previous work, in this paper, we propose a methodology to use large language models to generate Minimal Structurally Overdetermined sets (MSOs). MSOs are specific subsets of the model equations from which diagnosis tests can be obtained. We investigate two different directions: (i) the large-language-models' ability to generate MSO sets for hybrid systems, similar to those generated by the well-known Fault Diagnosis Toolbox (FDT) (ii) the automated generation of MSOs for Boolean circuits, as well as the computation of the diagnoses. We thus show how both dynamic and static systems can be analysed by large-language models and how their output can be used for effective fault diagnosis. We evaluate our approach on a set of arithmetic and logic circuits, using OpenAI’s LLMs 4o-mini, o1, and o3-mini.

Cite as

Anna Sztyber-Betley, Elodie Chanthery, Louise Travé-Massuyès, Silke Merkelbach, Karol Kukla, Maxence Glotin, Alexander Diedrich, and Oliver Niggemann. Are Diagnostic Concepts Within the Reach of LLMs?. In 36th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems (DX 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 136, pp. 2:1-2:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{sztyberbetley_et_al:OASIcs.DX.2025.2,
  author =	{Sztyber-Betley, Anna and Chanthery, Elodie and Trav\'{e}-Massuy\`{e}s, Louise and Merkelbach, Silke and Kukla, Karol and Glotin, Maxence and Diedrich, Alexander and Niggemann, Oliver},
  title =	{{Are Diagnostic Concepts Within the Reach of LLMs?}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems (DX 2025)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:20},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-394-2},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{136},
  editor =	{Quinones-Grueiro, Marcos and Biswas, Gautam and Pill, Ingo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.DX.2025.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-247913},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.DX.2025.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Fault Diagnosis, Large Language Models, LLMs, Model Based Diagnosis, MSO, Redundancy Relations, Conflicts, Diagnoses}
}
Document
Temporal Ensemble Logic for Integrative Representation of the Entirety of Clinical Trials

Authors: Xiaojin Li, Yan Huang, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Zenan Sun, Hongyu Chen, Pengze Li, Xing He, Shiqiang Tao, Cui Tao, Jiang Bian, Licong Cui, and Guo-Qiang Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 355, 32nd International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2025)


Abstract
Clinical trials are typically specified with protocols that define eligibility criteria, treatment regimens, follow-up schedules, and outcome assessments. Temporality is a hallmark of all clinical trials, reflected within and across trial components, with complex dependencies unfolding across multiple time points. Despite their importance, clinical trial protocols are described in free-text format, limiting their semantic precision and the ability to support automated reasoning, leverage data across studies and sites, or simulate trial execution under varying assumptions using Real-World Data. This paper introduces a formalized representation of clinical trials using Temporal Ensemble Logic (TEL). TEL incorporates metricized modal operators, such as "always until t" (□_t) and "possibly until t" (◇_t), where t is a time-length parameter, to offer a logical framework for capturing phenotypes in biomedicine. TEL is more expressive in syntax than classical linear temporal logic (LTL) while maintaining the simplicity of semantic structures. The attributes of TEL are exploited in this paper to formally represent not only individual clinical trial components, but also the timing and sequential dependencies of these components as a whole. Modeling strategies and demonstration case studies are provided to show that TEL can represent the entirety of clinical trials, whereby providing a formal logical framework that can be used to represent the intricate temporal dependencies in trial structure specification. Since clinical trials are a cornerstone of evidence-based medicine, serving as the scientific basis for evaluating the safety, efficacy, and comparative effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, results reported here can serve as a stepping stone that leads to scalable, consistent, and reproducible representation and simulation of clinical trials across all disease domains.

Cite as

Xiaojin Li, Yan Huang, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Zenan Sun, Hongyu Chen, Pengze Li, Xing He, Shiqiang Tao, Cui Tao, Jiang Bian, Licong Cui, and Guo-Qiang Zhang. Temporal Ensemble Logic for Integrative Representation of the Entirety of Clinical Trials. In 32nd International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 355, pp. 13:1-13:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{li_et_al:LIPIcs.TIME.2025.13,
  author =	{Li, Xiaojin and Huang, Yan and Abeysinghe, Rashmie and Sun, Zenan and Chen, Hongyu and Li, Pengze and He, Xing and Tao, Shiqiang and Tao, Cui and Bian, Jiang and Cui, Licong and Zhang, Guo-Qiang},
  title =	{{Temporal Ensemble Logic for Integrative Representation of the Entirety of Clinical Trials}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2025)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-401-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{355},
  editor =	{Vidal, Thierry and Wa{\l}\k{e}ga, Przemys{\l}aw Andrzej},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2025.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244595},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2025.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Temporal ensemble logic, Clinical trials, Logic-based modeling}
}
Document
Composable Byzantine Agreements with Reorder Attacks

Authors: Jing Chen, Jin Dong, Jichen Li, Xuanzhi Xia, and Wentao Zhou

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 354, 7th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2025)


Abstract
Byzantine agreement (BA) is a foundational building block in distributed systems that has been extensively studied for decades. With the growing demand for protocol composition in practice, the security analysis of BA protocols under multi-instance executions has attracted increasing attention. However, most existing adversary models focus solely on party corruption and neglect important threats posed by adversarial manipulations of communication channels in the network. Through channel attacks, messages can be reordered across multiple executions and lead to violations of the protocol’s security guarantees, without the participating parties being corrupted. In this work, we present the first adversary model that combines party corruption and channel attacks. Based on this model, we establish new security thresholds for Byzantine agreement under parallel and concurrent compositions, supported by complementary impossibility and possibility results that match each other to form a tight bound. For the impossibility result, we show that even authenticated Byzantine agreement protocols cannot be secure under parallel composition when n ≤ 3t or n ≤ 2c + 2t + 1, where t and c denote the number of corrupted parties and communication channels, respectively. For the possibility result, we prove the existence of secure protocols for unauthenticated Byzantine agreement under parallel and concurrent composition, when n > 3t and n > 2c+2t+1. More specifically, we provide a general black-box compiler that transforms any single-instance secure BA protocol into one that is secure under parallel executions, and we provide a non-black-box construction for concurrent compositions.

Cite as

Jing Chen, Jin Dong, Jichen Li, Xuanzhi Xia, and Wentao Zhou. Composable Byzantine Agreements with Reorder Attacks. In 7th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 354, pp. 13:1-13:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{chen_et_al:LIPIcs.AFT.2025.13,
  author =	{Chen, Jing and Dong, Jin and Li, Jichen and Xia, Xuanzhi and Zhou, Wentao},
  title =	{{Composable Byzantine Agreements with Reorder Attacks}},
  booktitle =	{7th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2025)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-400-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{354},
  editor =	{Avarikioti, Zeta and Christin, Nicolas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2025.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-247321},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2025.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Byzantine agreement, protocol composition, channel reorder attack, security threshold}
}
Document
RANDOM
List-Recovery of Random Linear Codes over Small Fields

Authors: Dean Doron, Jonathan Mosheiff, Nicolas Resch, and João Ribeiro

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
We study list-recoverability of random linear codes over small fields, both from errors and from erasures. We consider codes of rate ε-close to capacity, and aim to bound the dependence of the output list size L on ε, the input list size 𝓁, and the alphabet size q. Prior to our work, the best upper bound was L = q^O(𝓁/ε) (Zyablov and Pinsker, Prob. Per. Inf. 1981). Previous work has identified cases in which linear codes provably perform worse than non-linear codes with respect to list-recovery. While there exist non-linear codes that achieve L = O(𝓁/ε), we know that L ≥ 𝓁^Ω(1/ε) is necessary for list recovery from erasures over fields of small characteristic, and for list recovery from errors over large alphabets. We show that in other relevant regimes there is no significant price to pay for linearity, in the sense that we get the correct dependence on the gap-to-capacity ε and go beyond the Zyablov-Pinsker bound for the first time. Specifically, when q is constant and ε approaches zero, - For list-recovery from erasures over prime fields, we show that L ≤ C₁/ε. By prior work, such a result cannot be obtained for low-characteristic fields. - For list-recovery from errors over arbitrary fields, we prove that L ≤ C₂/ε. Above, C₁ and C₂ depend on the decoding radius, input list size, and field size. We provide concrete bounds on the constants above, and the upper bounds on L improve upon the Zyablov-Pinsker bound whenever q ≤ 2^{(1/ε)^c} for some small universal constant c > 0.

Cite as

Dean Doron, Jonathan Mosheiff, Nicolas Resch, and João Ribeiro. List-Recovery of Random Linear Codes over Small Fields. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 57:1-57:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{doron_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.57,
  author =	{Doron, Dean and Mosheiff, Jonathan and Resch, Nicolas and Ribeiro, Jo\~{a}o},
  title =	{{List-Recovery of Random Linear Codes over Small Fields}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244239},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: List recovery, random linear codes}
}
Document
RANDOM
Near-Optimal List-Recovery of Linear Code Families

Authors: Ray Li and Nikhil Shagrithaya

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
We prove several results on linear codes achieving list-recovery capacity. We show that random linear codes achieve list-recovery capacity with constant output list size (independent of the alphabet size and length). That is, over alphabets of size at least 𝓁^Ω(1/ε), random linear codes of rate R are (1-R-ε, 𝓁, (𝓁/ε)^O(𝓁/ε))-list-recoverable for all R ∈ (0,1) and 𝓁. Together with a result of Levi, Mosheiff, and Shagrithaya, this implies that randomly punctured Reed-Solomon codes also achieve list-recovery capacity. We also prove that our output list size is near-optimal among all linear codes: all (1-R-ε, 𝓁, L)-list-recoverable linear codes must have L ≥ 𝓁^{Ω(R/ε)}. Our simple upper bound combines the Zyablov-Pinsker argument with recent bounds from Kopparty, Ron-Zewi, Saraf, Wootters, and Tamo on the maximum intersection of a "list-recovery ball" and a low-dimensional subspace with large distance. Our lower bound is inspired by a recent lower bound of Chen and Zhang.

Cite as

Ray Li and Nikhil Shagrithaya. Near-Optimal List-Recovery of Linear Code Families. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 53:1-53:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{li_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.53,
  author =	{Li, Ray and Shagrithaya, Nikhil},
  title =	{{Near-Optimal List-Recovery of Linear Code Families}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{53:1--53:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.53},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244199},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.53},
  annote =	{Keywords: Error-Correcting Codes, Randomness, List-Recovery, Reed-Solomon Codes, Random Linear Codes}
}
Document
RANDOM
Sublinear Space Graph Algorithms in the Continual Release Model

Authors: Alessandro Epasto, Quanquan C. Liu, Tamalika Mukherjee, and Felix Zhou

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
The graph continual release model of differential privacy seeks to produce differentially private solutions to graph problems under a stream of edge updates where new private solutions are released after each update. Thus far, previously known edge-differentially private algorithms for most graph problems including densest subgraph and matchings in the continual release setting only output real-value estimates (not vertex subset solutions) and do not use sublinear space. Instead, they rely on computing exact graph statistics on the input [Hendrik Fichtenberger et al., 2021; Shuang Song et al., 2018]. In this paper, we leverage sparsification to address the above shortcomings for edge-insertion streams. Our edge-differentially private algorithms use sublinear space with respect to the number of edges in the graph while some also achieve sublinear space in the number of vertices in the graph. In addition, for the densest subgraph problem, we also output edge-differentially private vertex subset solutions; no previous graph algorithms in the continual release model output such subsets. We make novel use of assorted sparsification techniques from the non-private streaming and static graph algorithms literature to achieve new results in the sublinear space, continual release setting. This includes algorithms for densest subgraph, maximum matching, as well as the first continual release k-core decomposition algorithm. We also develop a novel sparse level data structure for k-core decomposition that may be of independent interest. To complement our insertion-only algorithms, we conclude with polynomial additive error lower bounds for edge-privacy in the fully dynamic setting, where only logarithmic lower bounds were previously known.

Cite as

Alessandro Epasto, Quanquan C. Liu, Tamalika Mukherjee, and Felix Zhou. Sublinear Space Graph Algorithms in the Continual Release Model. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 40:1-40:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{epasto_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.40,
  author =	{Epasto, Alessandro and Liu, Quanquan C. and Mukherjee, Tamalika and Zhou, Felix},
  title =	{{Sublinear Space Graph Algorithms in the Continual Release Model}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{40:1--40:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244064},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: Differential Privacy, Continual Release, Densest Subgraph, k-Core Decomposition, Maximum Matching}
}
Document
Approximating Prize-Collecting Variants of TSP

Authors: Morteza Alimi, Tobias Mömke, and Michael Ruderer

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 345, 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)


Abstract
We present an approximation algorithm for the Prize-collecting Ordered Traveling Salesman Problem (PCOTSP), which simultaneously generalizes the Prize-collecting TSP and the Ordered TSP. The Prize-collecting TSP is well-studied and has a long history, with the current best approximation factor slightly below 1.6, shown by Blauth, Klein and Nägele [IPCO 2024]. The best approximation ratio for Ordered TSP is 3/2+1/e, presented by Böhm, Friggstad, Mömke, Spoerhase [SODA 2025] and Armbruster, Mnich, Nägele [Approx 2024]. The former also present a factor 2.2131 approximation algorithm for Multi-Path-TSP. We present a 2.097-approximation algorithm for PCOTSP, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first result for this problem. Key ideas in our approach are to sample a set of trees and then to probabilistically pick up some vertices, and to use the pruning ideas of Blauth, Klein, Nägele [IPCO 2024] on the sampled vertices. While the sampling probability of vertices for our problem is lower than for PCTSP, intuitively leaving less spare penalty to spend, we leverage the cycle structure induced by the sampled trees together with a simple combinatorial algorithm to bring the approximation factor below 2.1. Our techniques extend to Prize-collecting Multi-Path TSP, building on results from Böhm, Friggstad, Mömke, Spoerhase [SODA 2025], leading to a 2.41-approximation.

Cite as

Morteza Alimi, Tobias Mömke, and Michael Ruderer. Approximating Prize-Collecting Variants of TSP. In 50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 345, pp. 7:1-7:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{alimi_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.7,
  author =	{Alimi, Morteza and M\"{o}mke, Tobias and Ruderer, Michael},
  title =	{{Approximating Prize-Collecting Variants of TSP}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2025)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-388-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{345},
  editor =	{Gawrychowski, Pawe{\l} and Mazowiecki, Filip and Skrzypczak, Micha{\l}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-241141},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2025.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation Algorithms, TSP}
}
Document
Estimation of Substitution and Indel Rates via k-mer Statistics

Authors: Mahmudur Rahman Hera, Paul Medvedev, David Koslicki, and Antonio Blanca

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 344, 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)


Abstract
Methods utilizing k-mers are widely used in bioinformatics, yet our understanding of their statistical properties under realistic mutation models remains incomplete. Previously, substitution-only mutation models have been considered to derive precise expectations and variances for mutated k-mers and intervals of mutated and non-mutated sequences. In this work, we consider a mutation model that incorporates insertions and deletions in addition to single-nucleotide substitutions. Within this framework, we derive closed-form k-mer-based estimators for the three fundamental mutation parameters: substitution, deletion rate, and insertion rates. We provide theoretical guarantees in the form of concentration inequalities, ensuring accuracy of our estimators under reasonable model assumptions. Empirical evaluations on simulated evolution of genomic sequences confirm our theoretical findings, demonstrating that accounting for insertions and deletions signals allows for accurate estimation of mutation rates and improves upon the results obtained by considering a substitution-only model. An implementation of estimating the mutation parameters from a pair of fasta files is available here: https://github.com/KoslickiLab/estimate_rates_using_mutation_model.git. The results presented in this manuscript can be reproduced using the code available here: https://github.com/KoslickiLab/est_rates_experiments.git.

Cite as

Mahmudur Rahman Hera, Paul Medvedev, David Koslicki, and Antonio Blanca. Estimation of Substitution and Indel Rates via k-mer Statistics. In 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 344, pp. 16:1-16:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{rahmanhera_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2025.16,
  author =	{Rahman Hera, Mahmudur and Medvedev, Paul and Koslicki, David and Blanca, Antonio},
  title =	{{Estimation of Substitution and Indel Rates via k-mer Statistics}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-386-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{344},
  editor =	{Brejov\'{a}, Bro\v{n}a and Patro, Rob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239422},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: k-mers, mutation rate, indel, alignment-free, estimation, substitution, insertion, deletion}
}
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