Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 301, 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)
Matthew D. Laws, Jocelyn Bliven, Kit Conklin, Elyes Laalai, Samuel McCauley, and Zach S. Sturdevant. SPIDER: Improved Succinct Rank and Select Performance. In 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 301, pp. 21:1-21:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{laws_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2024.21, author = {Laws, Matthew D. and Bliven, Jocelyn and Conklin, Kit and Laalai, Elyes and McCauley, Samuel and Sturdevant, Zach S.}, title = {{SPIDER: Improved Succinct Rank and Select Performance}}, booktitle = {22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)}, pages = {21:1--21:18}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-325-6}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {301}, editor = {Liberti, Leo}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.21}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203865}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.21}, annote = {Keywords: Rank and Select, Succinct Data Structures, Data Structres, Cache Performance, Predictions} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 301, 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)
Takehide Soh, Takumu Watanabe, Jun Kawahara, Akira Suzuki, and Takehiro Ito. Scalable Hard Instances for Independent Set Reconfiguration. In 22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 301, pp. 26:1-26:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{soh_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2024.26, author = {Soh, Takehide and Watanabe, Takumu and Kawahara, Jun and Suzuki, Akira and Ito, Takehiro}, title = {{Scalable Hard Instances for Independent Set Reconfiguration}}, booktitle = {22nd International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2024)}, pages = {26:1--26:15}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-325-6}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {301}, editor = {Liberti, Leo}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.26}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203913}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2024.26}, annote = {Keywords: Combinatorial reconfiguration, Benckmark dataset, Graph Algorithm, PSPACE-complete} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)
Andreas Emil Feldmann and Michael Lampis. Parameterized Algorithms for Steiner Forest in Bounded Width Graphs. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 61:1-61:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{feldmann_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.61, author = {Feldmann, Andreas Emil and Lampis, Michael}, title = {{Parameterized Algorithms for Steiner Forest in Bounded Width Graphs}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {61:1--61:20}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.61}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202048}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.61}, annote = {Keywords: Steiner Forest, Approximation Algorithms, FPT algorithms} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)
Boris Klemz and Marie Diana Sieper. Constrained Level Planarity Is FPT with Respect to the Vertex Cover Number. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 99:1-99:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{klemz_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.99, author = {Klemz, Boris and Sieper, Marie Diana}, title = {{Constrained Level Planarity Is FPT with Respect to the Vertex Cover Number}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {99:1--99:17}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.99}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202428}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.99}, annote = {Keywords: Parameterized Complexity, Graph Drawing, Planar Poset Diagram, Level Planarity, Constrained Level Planarity, Vertex Cover, FPT, Computational Geometry} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)
Soh Kumabe and Yuichi Yoshida. Lipschitz Continuous Allocations for Optimization Games. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 102:1-102:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{kumabe_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.102, author = {Kumabe, Soh and Yoshida, Yuichi}, title = {{Lipschitz Continuous Allocations for Optimization Games}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {102:1--102:16}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.102}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202456}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.102}, annote = {Keywords: Cooperative Games, Lipschitz Continuity} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)
Martin Grohe and Daniel Neuen. Isomorphism for Tournaments of Small Twin Width. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 78:1-78:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{grohe_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.78, author = {Grohe, Martin and Neuen, Daniel}, title = {{Isomorphism for Tournaments of Small Twin Width}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {78:1--78:20}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.78}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202216}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.78}, annote = {Keywords: tournament isomorphism, twin width, fixed-parameter tractability, Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)
Shuichi Hirahara and Naoto Ohsaka. Optimal PSPACE-Hardness of Approximating Set Cover Reconfiguration. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 85:1-85:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{hirahara_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.85, author = {Hirahara, Shuichi and Ohsaka, Naoto}, title = {{Optimal PSPACE-Hardness of Approximating Set Cover Reconfiguration}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {85:1--85:18}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.85}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202283}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.85}, annote = {Keywords: reconfiguration problems, hardness of approximation, probabilistic proof systems, FGLSS reduction} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)
Tanmay Inamdar, Pallavi Jain, Daniel Lokshtanov, Abhishek Sahu, Saket Saurabh, and Anannya Upasana. Satisfiability to Coverage in Presence of Fairness, Matroid, and Global Constraints. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 88:1-88:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{inamdar_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.88, author = {Inamdar, Tanmay and Jain, Pallavi and Lokshtanov, Daniel and Sahu, Abhishek and Saurabh, Saket and Upasana, Anannya}, title = {{Satisfiability to Coverage in Presence of Fairness, Matroid, and Global Constraints}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {88:1--88:18}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.88}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202318}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.88}, annote = {Keywords: Partial Vertex Cover, Max SAT, FPT Approximation, Matroids} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)
Christoph Haase, Shankara Narayanan Krishna, Khushraj Madnani, Om Swostik Mishra, and Georg Zetzsche. An Efficient Quantifier Elimination Procedure for Presburger Arithmetic. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 142:1-142:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{haase_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.142, author = {Haase, Christoph and Krishna, Shankara Narayanan and Madnani, Khushraj and Mishra, Om Swostik and Zetzsche, Georg}, title = {{An Efficient Quantifier Elimination Procedure for Presburger Arithmetic}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {142:1--142:17}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.142}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202856}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.142}, annote = {Keywords: Presburger arithmetic, quantifier elimination, parametric integer programming, convex geometry} }
Published in: Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1 (2024)
James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Frank Wolter. Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282). In Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 1-61, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@Article{delgrande_et_al:DagMan.10.1.1, author = {Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank}, title = {{Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 22282)}}, pages = {1--61}, journal = {Dagstuhl Manifestos}, ISSN = {2193-2433}, year = {2024}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, editor = {Delgrande, James P. and Glimm, Birte and Meyer, Thomas and Truszczynski, Miroslaw and Wolter, Frank}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201403}, doi = {10.4230/DagMan.10.1.1}, annote = {Keywords: Knowledge representation and reasoning, Applications of logics, Declarative representations, Formal logic} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 294, 19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024)
Matthew Johnson, Barnaby Martin, Sukanya Pandey, Daniël Paulusma, Siani Smith, and Erik Jan van Leeuwen. Edge Multiway Cut and Node Multiway Cut Are Hard for Planar Subcubic Graphs. In 19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 294, pp. 29:1-29:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
@InProceedings{johnson_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.29, author = {Johnson, Matthew and Martin, Barnaby and Pandey, Sukanya and Paulusma, Dani\"{e}l and Smith, Siani and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan}, title = {{Edge Multiway Cut and Node Multiway Cut Are Hard for Planar Subcubic Graphs}}, booktitle = {19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024)}, pages = {29:1--29:17}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-318-8}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {294}, editor = {Bodlaender, Hans L.}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.29}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-200699}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.29}, annote = {Keywords: multiway cut, planar subcubic graph, complexity dichotomy, graph containment} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 272, 48th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2023)
Matthew Johnson, Barnaby Martin, Sukanya Pandey, Daniël Paulusma, Siani Smith, and Erik Jan van Leeuwen. Complexity Framework for Forbidden Subgraphs III: When Problems Are Tractable on Subcubic Graphs. In 48th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 272, pp. 57:1-57:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)
@InProceedings{johnson_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2023.57, author = {Johnson, Matthew and Martin, Barnaby and Pandey, Sukanya and Paulusma, Dani\"{e}l and Smith, Siani and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan}, title = {{Complexity Framework for Forbidden Subgraphs III: When Problems Are Tractable on Subcubic Graphs}}, booktitle = {48th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2023)}, pages = {57:1--57:15}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-292-1}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2023}, volume = {272}, editor = {Leroux, J\'{e}r\^{o}me and Lombardy, Sylvain and Peleg, David}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2023.57}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-185914}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2023.57}, annote = {Keywords: forbidden subgraphs, independent feedback vertex set, treewidth} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 174, 26th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 26) (2020)
Robert F. Johnson and Lulu Qian. Simplifying Chemical Reaction Network Implementations with Two-Stranded DNA Building Blocks. In 26th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 26). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 174, pp. 2:1-2:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
@InProceedings{johnson_et_al:LIPIcs.DNA.2020.2, author = {Johnson, Robert F. and Qian, Lulu}, title = {{Simplifying Chemical Reaction Network Implementations with Two-Stranded DNA Building Blocks}}, booktitle = {26th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 26)}, pages = {2:1--2:14}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-163-4}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2020}, volume = {174}, editor = {Geary, Cody and Patitz, Matthew J.}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.2020.2}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-129557}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.2020.2}, annote = {Keywords: Molecular programming, DNA computing, Chemical Reaction Networks, DNA strand displacement} }
Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 128, 30th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2019)
Laurent Bulteau, Konrad K. Dabrowski, Guillaume Fertin, Matthew Johnson, Daniël Paulusma, and Stéphane Vialette. Finding a Small Number of Colourful Components. In 30th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 128, pp. 20:1-20:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)
@InProceedings{bulteau_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2019.20, author = {Bulteau, Laurent and Dabrowski, Konrad K. and Fertin, Guillaume and Johnson, Matthew and Paulusma, Dani\"{e}l and Vialette, St\'{e}phane}, title = {{Finding a Small Number of Colourful Components}}, booktitle = {30th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2019)}, pages = {20:1--20:14}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-103-0}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2019}, volume = {128}, editor = {Pisanti, Nadia and P. Pissis, Solon}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2019.20}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-104914}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2019.20}, annote = {Keywords: Colourful component, colourful partition, tree, treewidth, vertex cover} }
Published in: OASIcs, Volume 66, 2018 Imperial College Computing Student Workshop (ICCSW 2018)
Matthew Johnson. Harnessing AI For Research. In 2018 Imperial College Computing Student Workshop (ICCSW 2018). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 66, p. 11:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)
@InProceedings{johnson:OASIcs.ICCSW.2018.11, author = {Johnson, Matthew}, title = {{Harnessing AI For Research}}, booktitle = {2018 Imperial College Computing Student Workshop (ICCSW 2018)}, pages = {11:1--11:1}, series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-097-2}, ISSN = {2190-6807}, year = {2019}, volume = {66}, editor = {Pirovano, Edoardo and Graversen, Eva}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ICCSW.2018.11}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-101922}, doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.ICCSW.2018.11}, annote = {Keywords: Artificial intelligence} }