28 Search Results for "Zimmermann, Olaf"

Volume

OASIcs, Volume 111

Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Microservices 2020/2022, May 10-12, 2022, Paris, France

Editors: Gokila Dorai, Maurizio Gabbrielli, Giulio Manzonetto, Aomar Osmani, Marco Prandini, Gianluigi Zavattaro, and Olaf Zimmermann

Document
Survey
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.4.1.2
Temporal Modelling in Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graphs: Use Cases, Requirements, Evaluation, and Decision Support

Authors: Oleksandra Bruns, Jörg Waitelonis, Jeff Z. Pan, and Harald Sack

Published in: TGDK, Volume 4, Issue 1 (2026). Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 4, Issue 1

Abstract
Our culture, history and world are in constant motion, continuously shaped by the flow of time, evolving narratives, and shifting relationships. Capturing this temporal complexity within cultural heritage (CH) knowledge graphs is essential for preserving the dynamic nature of human heritage. However, standard RDF predicates fail to effectively model the temporal aspects of cultural data, such as changing facts, evolving relationships, and temporal concepts. Over the past two decades, a variety of RDF-based approaches have been proposed to address this limitation, yet guidance is missing on which method best suits specific CH contexts. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of temporal RDF modelling approaches from a CH perspective. Based on an analysis of real-world CH use cases, core temporal requirements are identified that reflect both modelling expressivity and practical concerns. Six prominent approaches - RDF*, tRDF, Named Graphs, Singleton Property, N-ary Relations, and 4D Fluents - are assessed across these requirements. Our findings reveal that no single solution fits all scenarios, but suitable approaches can be selected based on project-specific priorities. To support practitioners, a decision-support tool is introduced to guide them in selecting the most suitable extension for their specific needs. This work provides practical guidance for CH modelling and contributes to the broader development of temporally aware Linked Data.
Cite as

Oleksandra Bruns, Jörg Waitelonis, Jeff Z. Pan, and Harald Sack. Temporal Modelling in Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graphs: Use Cases, Requirements, Evaluation, and Decision Support. In Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 2:1-2:46, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@Article{bruns_et_al:TGDK.4.1.2,
  author =	{Bruns, Oleksandra and Waitelonis, J\"{o}rg and Pan, Jeff Z. and Sack, Harald},
  title =	{{Temporal Modelling in Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graphs: Use Cases, Requirements, Evaluation, and Decision Support}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{2:1--2:46},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{4},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.4.1.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-256871},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.4.1.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Temporal Data Representation, RDF Extensions, Cultural Heritage, Knowledge Graphs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.63
Generalised Quantifiers Based on Rabin-Mostowski Index

Authors: Denis Kuperberg, Damian Niwiński, Paweł Parys, and Michał Skrzypczak

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 364, 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)

Abstract
In this work we introduce new generalised quantifiers which allow us to express the Rabin-Mostowski index of automata. Our main results study expressive power and decidability of the monadic second-order (MSO) logic extended with these quantifiers. We study these problems in the realm of both ω-words and infinite trees. As it turns out, the pictures in these two cases are very different. In the case of ω-words the new quantifiers can be effectively expressed in pure MSO logic. In contrast, in the case of infinite trees, addition of these quantifiers leads to an undecidable formalism. To realise index-quantifier elimination, we consider the extension of MSO by game quantifiers. As a tool, we provide a specific quantifier-elimination procedure for them. Moreover, we introduce a novel construction of transducers realising strategies in ω-regular games with monadic parameters.
Cite as

Denis Kuperberg, Damian Niwiński, Paweł Parys, and Michał Skrzypczak. Generalised Quantifiers Based on Rabin-Mostowski Index. In 43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 364, pp. 63:1-63:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{kuperberg_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2026.63,
  author =	{Kuperberg, Denis and Niwi\'{n}ski, Damian and Parys, Pawe{\l} and Skrzypczak, Micha{\l}},
  title =	{{Generalised Quantifiers Based on Rabin-Mostowski Index}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2026)},
  pages =	{63:1--63:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-412-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{364},
  editor =	{Mahajan, Meena and Manea, Florin and McIver, Annabelle and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.63},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-255526},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2026.63},
  annote =	{Keywords: monadic quantifiers, decidability, quantifier elimination, parity automata, game quantifier, Rabin-Mostowski index}
}
Document
Survey
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.3.1.3
Uncertainty Management in the Construction of Knowledge Graphs: A Survey

Authors: Lucas Jarnac, Yoan Chabot, and Miguel Couceiro

Published in: TGDK, Volume 3, Issue 1 (2025). Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 3, Issue 1

Abstract
Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are a major asset for companies thanks to their great flexibility in data representation and their numerous applications, e.g., vocabulary sharing, Q&A or recommendation systems. To build a KG, it is a common practice to rely on automatic methods for extracting knowledge from various heterogeneous sources. However, in a noisy and uncertain world, knowledge may not be reliable and conflicts between data sources may occur. Integrating unreliable data would directly impact the use of the KG, therefore such conflicts must be resolved. This could be done manually by selecting the best data to integrate. This first approach is highly accurate, but costly and time-consuming. That is why recent efforts focus on automatic approaches, which represent a challenging task since it requires handling the uncertainty of extracted knowledge throughout its integration into the KG. We survey state-of-the-art approaches in this direction and present constructions of both open and enterprise KGs. We then describe different knowledge extraction methods and discuss downstream tasks after knowledge acquisition, including KG completion using embedding models, knowledge alignment, and knowledge fusion in order to address the problem of knowledge uncertainty in KG construction. We conclude with a discussion on the remaining challenges and perspectives when constructing a KG taking into account uncertainty.
Cite as

Lucas Jarnac, Yoan Chabot, and Miguel Couceiro. Uncertainty Management in the Construction of Knowledge Graphs: A Survey. In Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 3:1-3:48, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@Article{jarnac_et_al:TGDK.3.1.3,
  author =	{Jarnac, Lucas and Chabot, Yoan and Couceiro, Miguel},
  title =	{{Uncertainty Management in the Construction of Knowledge Graphs: A Survey}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{3:1--3:48},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{3},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.3.1.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-233733},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.3.1.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Knowledge reconciliation, Uncertainty, Heterogeneous sources, Knowledge graph construction}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.20
On Cascades of Reset Automata

Authors: Roberto Borelli, Luca Geatti, Marco Montali, and Angelo Montanari

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 327, 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)

Abstract
The Krohn-Rhodes decomposition theorem is a pivotal result in automata theory. It introduces the concept of cascade product, where two semiautomata, that is, automata devoid of initial and final states, are combined in a feed-forward fashion. The theorem states that any semiautomaton can be decomposed into a sequence of permutation-reset semiautomata. For the counter-free case, this decomposition consists entirely of reset components with two states each. This decomposition has significantly impacted recent research in various areas of computer science, including the identification of a class of transformer encoders equivalent to star-free languages and the conversion of Linear Temporal Logic formulas into past-only expressions (pastification). The paper revisits the cascade product in the context of reset automata, thus considering each component of the cascade as a language acceptor. First, we give regular expression counterparts of cascades of reset automata. We then establish several expressiveness results, identifying hierarchies of languages based on the restriction of the height (number of components) of the cascade or of the number of states in each level. We also show that any cascade of reset automata can be transformed, with a quadratic increase in height, into a cascade that only includes two-state components. Finally, we show that some fundamental operations on cascades, like intersection, union, negation, and concatenation with a symbol to the left, can be directly and efficiently computed by adding a two-state component.
Cite as

Roberto Borelli, Luca Geatti, Marco Montali, and Angelo Montanari. On Cascades of Reset Automata. In 42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 327, pp. 20:1-20:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{borelli_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2025.20,
  author =	{Borelli, Roberto and Geatti, Luca and Montali, Marco and Montanari, Angelo},
  title =	{{On Cascades of Reset Automata}},
  booktitle =	{42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2025)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-365-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{327},
  editor =	{Beyersdorff, Olaf and Pilipczuk, Micha{\l} and Pimentel, Elaine and Thắng, Nguy\~{ê}n Kim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-228453},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2025.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Automata, Cascade products, Regular expressions, Krohn-Rhodes theory}
}
Document
Resource Paper
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.2.5
The Reasonable Ontology Templates Framework

Authors: Martin Georg Skjæveland and Leif Harald Karlsen

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 2 (2024): Special Issue on Resources for Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 2

Abstract
Reasonable Ontology Templates (OTTR) is a templating language for representing and instantiating patterns. It is based on simple and generic, but powerful, mechanisms such as recursive macro expansion, term substitution and type systems, and is designed particularly for building and maintaining RDF knowledge graphs and OWL ontologies. In this resource paper, we present the formal specifications that define the OTTR framework. This includes the fundamentals of the OTTR language and the adaptions to make it fit with standard semantic web languages, and two serialization formats developed for semantic web practitioners. We also present the OTTR framework’s support for documenting, publishing and managing template libraries, and for tools for practical bulk instantiation of templates from tabular data and queryable data sources. The functionality of the OTTR framework is available for use through Lutra, an open-source reference implementation, and other independent implementations. We report on the use and impact of OTTR by presenting selected industrial use cases. Finally, we reflect on some design considerations of the language and framework and present ideas for future work.
Cite as

Martin Georg Skjæveland and Leif Harald Karlsen. The Reasonable Ontology Templates Framework. In Special Issue on Resources for Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 5:1-5:54, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{skjaeveland_et_al:TGDK.2.2.5,
  author =	{Skj{\ae}veland, Martin Georg and Karlsen, Leif Harald},
  title =	{{The Reasonable Ontology Templates Framework}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{5:1--5:54},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{2},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.2.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-225896},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.2.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Ontology engineering, Ontology design patterns, Template mechanism, Macros}
}
Document
Survey
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3
Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future

Authors: Ansgar Scherp, Gerd Groener, Petr Škoda, Katja Hose, and Maria-Esther Vidal

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract
Ever since the vision was formulated, the Semantic Web has inspired many generations of innovations. Semantic technologies have been used to share vast amounts of information on the Web, enhance them with semantics to give them meaning, and enable inference and reasoning on them. Throughout the years, semantic technologies, and in particular knowledge graphs, have been used in search engines, data integration, enterprise settings, and machine learning. In this paper, we recap the classical concepts and foundations of the Semantic Web as well as modern and recent concepts and applications, building upon these foundations. The classical topics we cover include knowledge representation, creating and validating knowledge on the Web, reasoning and linking, and distributed querying. We enhance this classical view of the so-called "Semantic Web Layer Cake" with an update of recent concepts that include provenance, security and trust, as well as a discussion of practical impacts from industry-led contributions. We conclude with an outlook on the future directions of the Semantic Web. This is a living document. If you like to contribute, please contact the first author and visit: https://github.com/ascherp/semantic-web-primer
Cite as

Ansgar Scherp, Gerd Groener, Petr Škoda, Katja Hose, and Maria-Esther Vidal. Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 3:1-3:37, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{scherp_et_al:TGDK.2.1.3,
  author =	{Scherp, Ansgar and Groener, Gerd and \v{S}koda, Petr and Hose, Katja and Vidal, Maria-Esther},
  title =	{{Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{3:1--3:37},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198607},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linked Open Data, Semantic Web Graphs, Knowledge Graphs}
}
Document
Vision
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.1.1.10
Multilingual Knowledge Graphs and Low-Resource Languages: A Review

Authors: Lucie-Aimée Kaffee, Russa Biswas, C. Maria Keet, Edlira Kalemi Vakaj, and Gerard de Melo

Published in: TGDK, Volume 1, Issue 1 (2023): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 1, Issue 1

Abstract
There is a lack of multilingual data to support applications in a large number of languages, especially for low-resource languages. Knowledge graphs (KG) could contribute to closing the gap of language support by providing easily accessible, machine-readable, multilingual linked data, which can be reused across applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of work in the domain of multilingual KGs with a focus on low-resource languages. We review the current state of multilingual KGs along with the different aspects that are crucial for creating KGs with language coverage in mind. Special consideration is given to challenges particular to low-resource languages in KGs. We further provide an overview of applications that yield multilingual KG information as well as downstream applications reusing such multilingual data. Finally, we explore open problems regarding multilingual KGs with a focus on low-resource languages.
Cite as

Lucie-Aimée Kaffee, Russa Biswas, C. Maria Keet, Edlira Kalemi Vakaj, and Gerard de Melo. Multilingual Knowledge Graphs and Low-Resource Languages: A Review. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 10:1-10:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Article{kaffee_et_al:TGDK.1.1.10,
  author =	{Kaffee, Lucie-Aim\'{e}e and Biswas, Russa and Keet, C. Maria and Vakaj, Edlira Kalemi and de Melo, Gerard},
  title =	{{Multilingual Knowledge Graphs and Low-Resource Languages: A Review}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{10:1--10:19},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{1},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.1.1.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194845},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.1.1.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: knowledge graphs, multilingual, low-resource languages, review}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022
OASIcs, Volume 111, Microservices 2020/2022, Complete Volume

Authors: Gokila Dorai, Maurizio Gabbrielli, Giulio Manzonetto, Aomar Osmani, Marco Prandini, Gianluigi Zavattaro, and Olaf Zimmermann

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 111, Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 111, Microservices 2020/2022, Complete Volume
Cite as

Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 111, pp. 1-156, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Proceedings{dorai_et_al:OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022,
  title =	{{OASIcs, Volume 111, Microservices 2020/2022, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)},
  pages =	{1--156},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-306-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{111},
  editor =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194618},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022},
  annote =	{Keywords: OASIcs, Volume 111, Microservices 2020/2022, Complete Volume}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Gokila Dorai, Maurizio Gabbrielli, Giulio Manzonetto, Aomar Osmani, Marco Prandini, Gianluigi Zavattaro, and Olaf Zimmermann

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 111, Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as

Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 111, pp. 0:i-0:xiv, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{dorai_et_al:OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.0,
  author =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xiv},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-306-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{111},
  editor =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194624},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
Invited Paper
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.1
Microservices Beyond COVID-19 (Invited Paper)

Authors: Antonio Brogi

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 111, Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Abstract
This article summarises the contents of the invited keynote that I gave back in September 2020 at the "Microservices 2020" Conference, which was held entirely online during the COVID-19 pandemic. In that keynote, I started from the question of how we can check whether a software application satisfies the main principles of microservices and -if not- of how should we refactor it. To answer that question, I discussed the capacity of existing techniques to automatically extract an architectural description of a microservice-based application, to identify architectural smells possibly violating microservices’ principles, and to select suitable refactorings to resolve them. I also discussed how a (minimal) modelling of microservice-based applications can considerably simplify their design and automate their container-based deployment. Finally, I tried to point to some interesting directions for future research on microservices.
Cite as

Antonio Brogi. Microservices Beyond COVID-19 (Invited Paper). In Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 111, pp. 1:1-1:3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{brogi:OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.1,
  author =	{Brogi, Antonio},
  title =	{{Microservices Beyond COVID-19}},
  booktitle =	{Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:3},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-306-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{111},
  editor =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194637},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Microservice-based systems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.2
Microservice-Aware Static Analysis: Opportunities, Gaps, and Advancements

Authors: Tomas Cerny and Davide Taibi

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 111, Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Abstract
Microservice architecture is the mainstream to fuel cloud-native systems with small service sets developed and deployed independently. The independent nature of this modular architecture also leads to challenges and gaps practitioners did not face in system monoliths. One of the major challenges with decentralization and its independent microservices that are managed by separate teams is that the evolving system architecture easily deviates far from the original plans, and it becomes difficult to maintain. Literature often refers to this process as system architecture degradation. Especially in the context of microservices, available tools are limited. This article challenges the audience on how static analysis could contribute to microservice system development and management, particularly managing architectural degradation. It elaborates on challenges and needed changes in the traditional code analysis to better fit these systems. Consequently, it discusses implications for practitioners once robust static analysis tools become available.
Cite as

Tomas Cerny and Davide Taibi. Microservice-Aware Static Analysis: Opportunities, Gaps, and Advancements. In Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 111, pp. 2:1-2:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{cerny_et_al:OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.2,
  author =	{Cerny, Tomas and Taibi, Davide},
  title =	{{Microservice-Aware Static Analysis: Opportunities, Gaps, and Advancements}},
  booktitle =	{Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-306-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{111},
  editor =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194647},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Microservice Architecture, Static Analysis, Reasoning, Decentralization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.3
Modular Choreographies: Bridging Alice and Bob Notation to Java

Authors: Luís Cruz-Filipe, Anne Madsen, Fabrizio Montesi, and Marco Peressotti

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 111, Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Abstract
We present Modular Choreographies, a new choreographic programming language that features modular functions. Modular Choreographies is aimed at simplicity: its communication abstraction follows the simple tradition from the "Alice and Bob" notation. We develop a compiler toolchain that translates choreographies into modular Java libraries, which developers can use to participate correctly in choreographies. The key novelty is to compile through the Choral language, which was previously proposed to define object-oriented choreographies: our toolchain compiles Modular Choreographies to Choral, and then leverages the existing Choral compiler to generate Java code. Our work is the first to bridge the simplicity of traditional choreographic programming languages with the requirement of generating modular libraries in a mainstream language (Java).
Cite as

Luís Cruz-Filipe, Anne Madsen, Fabrizio Montesi, and Marco Peressotti. Modular Choreographies: Bridging Alice and Bob Notation to Java. In Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 111, pp. 3:1-3:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{cruzfilipe_et_al:OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.3,
  author =	{Cruz-Filipe, Lu{\'\i}s and Madsen, Anne and Montesi, Fabrizio and Peressotti, Marco},
  title =	{{Modular Choreographies: Bridging Alice and Bob Notation to Java}},
  booktitle =	{Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:18},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-306-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{111},
  editor =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194650},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Choreographic Programming, Choreographies, Modularity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.4
ZVAX - A Microservice Reference Architecture for Nation-Scale Pandemic Management

Authors: Oliver Cvetkovski, Carlo Field, Davide Trinchi, Christof Marti, and Josef Spillner

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 111, Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Abstract
Domain-specific Microservice Reference Architectures (MSRA) have become relevant study objects in software technology. They facilitate the technical evaluation of service designs, compositions patterns and deployment configurations in realistic operational practice. Current knowledge about MSRA is predominantly confined to business domains with modest numbers of users per application. Due to the ongoing massive digital transformation of society, people-related online services in e-government, e-health and similar domains must be designed to be highly scalable at entire nation level at affordable infrastructure cost. With ZVAX, we present such a service in the e-health domain. Specifically, the ZVAX implementation adheres to an MSRA for pandemic-related processes such as vaccination registration and passenger locator form submission, with emphasis on selectable levels of privacy. We argue that ZVAX is valuable as study object for the training of software engineers and for the debate on arbitrary government-to-people services at scale.
Cite as

Oliver Cvetkovski, Carlo Field, Davide Trinchi, Christof Marti, and Josef Spillner. ZVAX - A Microservice Reference Architecture for Nation-Scale Pandemic Management. In Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 111, pp. 4:1-4:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{cvetkovski_et_al:OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.4,
  author =	{Cvetkovski, Oliver and Field, Carlo and Trinchi, Davide and Marti, Christof and Spillner, Josef},
  title =	{{ZVAX - A Microservice Reference Architecture for Nation-Scale Pandemic Management}},
  booktitle =	{Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:16},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-306-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{111},
  editor =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194669},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Nation-scale applications, microservices, digital transformation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.5
Custom Serverless Function Scheduling Policies: An APP Tutorial

Authors: Giuseppe De Palma, Saverio Giallorenzo, Jacopo Mauro, Matteo Trentin, and Gianluigi Zavattaro

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 111, Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)

Abstract
State-of-the-art serverless platforms use hard-coded scheduling policies that hardly accommodate users in implementing functional or performance-related scheduling logic of their functions, e.g., preserving the execution of critical functions within some geographical boundaries or minimising data-access latencies. We addressed this problem by introducing {APP}: a declarative language for defining per-function scheduling policies which we also implemented as an extension of the open-source OpenWhisk serverless platform. Here, we present a gentle introduction to {APP} through an illustrative application developed over several incremental steps.
Cite as

Giuseppe De Palma, Saverio Giallorenzo, Jacopo Mauro, Matteo Trentin, and Gianluigi Zavattaro. Custom Serverless Function Scheduling Policies: An APP Tutorial. In Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 111, pp. 5:1-5:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{depalma_et_al:OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.5,
  author =	{De Palma, Giuseppe and Giallorenzo, Saverio and Mauro, Jacopo and Trentin, Matteo and Zavattaro, Gianluigi},
  title =	{{Custom Serverless Function Scheduling Policies: An APP Tutorial}},
  booktitle =	{Joint Post-proceedings of the Third and Fourth International Conference on Microservices (Microservices 2020/2022)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:16},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-306-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{111},
  editor =	{Dorai, Gokila and Gabbrielli, Maurizio and Manzonetto, Giulio and Osmani, Aomar and Prandini, Marco and Zavattaro, Gianluigi and Zimmermann, Olaf},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194671},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Microservices.2020-2022.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Serverless, Function Scheduling, Declarative Languages, Tutorial}
}
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