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Documents authored by Didimo, Walter

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.23
Simple Realizability of Abstract Topological Graphs

Authors: Giordano Da Lozzo, Walter Didimo, Fabrizio Montecchiani, Miriam Münch, Maurizio Patrignani, and Ignaz Rutter

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 322, 35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024)

Abstract
An abstract topological graph (AT-graph) is a pair A = (G, X), where G = (V,E) is a graph and X ⊆ binom(E,2) is a set of pairs of edges of G. A realization of A is a drawing Γ_A of G in the plane such that any two edges e₁,e₂ of G cross in Γ_A if and only if (e₁,e₂) ∈ X; Γ_A is simple if any two edges intersect at most once (either at a common endpoint or at a proper crossing). The AT-graph Realizability (ATR) problem asks whether an input AT-graph admits a realization. The version of this problem that requires a simple realization is called Simple AT-graph Realizability (SATR). It is a classical result that both ATR and SATR are NP-complete [Kratochvíl, 1991; Kratochvíl and Matoušek, 1989]. In this paper, we study the SATR problem from a new structural perspective. More precisely, we consider the size λ(A) of the largest connected component of the crossing graph of any realization of A, i.e., the graph C(A) = (E, X). This parameter represents a natural way to measure the level of interplay among edge crossings. First, we prove that SATR is NP-complete when λ(A) ≥ 6. On the positive side, we give an optimal linear-time algorithm that solves SATR when λ(A) ≤ 3 and returns a simple realization if one exists. Our algorithm is based on several ingredients, in particular the reduction to a new embedding problem subject to constraints that require certain pairs of edges to alternate (in the rotation system), and a sequence of transformations that exploit the interplay between alternation constraints and the SPQR-tree and PQ-tree data structures to eventually arrive at a simpler embedding problem that can be solved with standard techniques.
Cite as

Giordano Da Lozzo, Walter Didimo, Fabrizio Montecchiani, Miriam Münch, Maurizio Patrignani, and Ignaz Rutter. Simple Realizability of Abstract Topological Graphs. In 35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 322, pp. 23:1-23:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{dalozzo_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.23,
  author =	{Da Lozzo, Giordano and Didimo, Walter and Montecchiani, Fabrizio and M\"{u}nch, Miriam and Patrignani, Maurizio and Rutter, Ignaz},
  title =	{{Simple Realizability of Abstract Topological Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2024)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-354-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{322},
  editor =	{Mestre, Juli\'{a}n and Wirth, Anthony},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-221501},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2024.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Abstract Topological Graphs, SPQR-Trees, Synchronized PQ-Trees}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.32
On the Complexity of Recognizing k^+-Real Face Graphs

Authors: Michael A. Bekos, Giuseppe Di Battista, Emilio Di Giacomo, Walter Didimo, Michael Kaufmann, and Fabrizio Montecchiani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 320, 32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024)

Abstract
A nonplanar drawing Γ of a graph G divides the plane into topologically connected regions, called faces (or cells). The boundary of each face is formed by vertices, crossings, and edge segments. Given a positive integer k, we say that Γ is a k^+-real face drawing of G if the boundary of each face of Γ contains at least k vertices of G. The study of k^+-real face drawings started in a paper by Binucci et al. (WG 2023), where edge density bounds and relationships with other beyond-planar graph classes are proved. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of recognizing k^+-real face graphs, i.e., graphs that admit a k^+-real face drawing. We study both the general unconstrained scenario and the 2-layer scenario in which the graph is bipartite, the vertices of the two partition sets lie on two distinct horizontal layers, and the edges are straight-line segments. We give NP-completeness results for the unconstrained scenario and efficient recognition algorithms for the 2-layer setting.
Cite as

Michael A. Bekos, Giuseppe Di Battista, Emilio Di Giacomo, Walter Didimo, Michael Kaufmann, and Fabrizio Montecchiani. On the Complexity of Recognizing k^+-Real Face Graphs. In 32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 320, pp. 32:1-32:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bekos_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2024.32,
  author =	{Bekos, Michael A. and Di Battista, Giuseppe and Di Giacomo, Emilio and Didimo, Walter and Kaufmann, Michael and Montecchiani, Fabrizio},
  title =	{{On the Complexity of Recognizing k^+-Real Face Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-343-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{320},
  editor =	{Felsner, Stefan and Klein, Karsten},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-213167},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Beyond planarity, k^+-real face drawings, 2-layer drawings, recognition algorithm, NP-hardness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.26
Rectilinear-Upward Planarity Testing of Digraphs

Authors: Walter Didimo, Michael Kaufmann, Giuseppe Liotta, Giacomo Ortali, and Maurizio Patrignani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 283, 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)

Abstract
A rectilinear-upward planar drawing of a digraph G is a crossing-free drawing of G where each edge is either a horizontal or a vertical segment, and such that no directed edge points downward. Rectilinear-Upward Planarity Testing is the problem of deciding whether a digraph G admits a rectilinear-upward planar drawing. We show that: (i) Rectilinear-Upward Planarity Testing is NP-complete, even if G is biconnected; (ii) it can be solved in linear time when an upward planar embedding of G is fixed; (iii) the problem is polynomial-time solvable for biconnected digraphs of treewidth at most two, i.e., for digraphs whose underlying undirected graph is a series-parallel graph; (iv) for any biconnected digraph the problem is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the number of sources and sinks in the digraph.
Cite as

Walter Didimo, Michael Kaufmann, Giuseppe Liotta, Giacomo Ortali, and Maurizio Patrignani. Rectilinear-Upward Planarity Testing of Digraphs. In 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 283, pp. 26:1-26:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{didimo_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.26,
  author =	{Didimo, Walter and Kaufmann, Michael and Liotta, Giuseppe and Ortali, Giacomo and Patrignani, Maurizio},
  title =	{{Rectilinear-Upward Planarity Testing of Digraphs}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-289-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{283},
  editor =	{Iwata, Satoru and Kakimura, Naonori},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-193283},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph drawing, orthogonal drawings, upward drawings, rectilinear planarity, upward planarity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2019.13
Upward Book Embeddings of st-Graphs

Authors: Carla Binucci, Giordano Da Lozzo, Emilio Di Giacomo, Walter Didimo, Tamara Mchedlidze, and Maurizio Patrignani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 129, 35th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2019)

Abstract
We study k-page upward book embeddings (kUBEs) of st-graphs, that is, book embeddings of single-source single-sink directed acyclic graphs on k pages with the additional requirement that the vertices of the graph appear in a topological ordering along the spine of the book. We show that testing whether a graph admits a kUBE is NP-complete for k >= 3. A hardness result for this problem was previously known only for k = 6 [Heath and Pemmaraju, 1999]. Motivated by this negative result, we focus our attention on k=2. On the algorithmic side, we present polynomial-time algorithms for testing the existence of 2UBEs of planar st-graphs with branchwidth b and of plane st-graphs whose faces have a special structure. These algorithms run in O(f(b)* n+n^3) time and O(n) time, respectively, where f is a singly-exponential function on b. Moreover, on the combinatorial side, we present two notable families of plane st-graphs that always admit an embedding-preserving 2UBE.
Cite as

Carla Binucci, Giordano Da Lozzo, Emilio Di Giacomo, Walter Didimo, Tamara Mchedlidze, and Maurizio Patrignani. Upward Book Embeddings of st-Graphs. In 35th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 129, pp. 13:1-13:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{binucci_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2019.13,
  author =	{Binucci, Carla and Da Lozzo, Giordano and Di Giacomo, Emilio and Didimo, Walter and Mchedlidze, Tamara and Patrignani, Maurizio},
  title =	{{Upward Book Embeddings of st-Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2019)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-104-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{129},
  editor =	{Barequet, Gill and Wang, Yusu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2019.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-104170},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2019.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Upward Book Embeddings, st-Graphs, SPQR-trees, Branchwidth, Sphere-cut Decomposition}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.08191.5
08191 Working Group Report – X-graphs of Y-graphs and their Representations

Authors: Vladimir Batagelj, Franz J. Brandenburg, Walter Didimo, Guiseppe Liotta, and Maurizio Patrignani

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 8191, Graph Drawing with Applications to Bioinformatics and Social Sciences (2008)

Abstract
We address graph decomposition problems that help the hybrid visualization of large graphs, where different graphic metaphors (node-link, matrix, etc.) are used in the same picture. We generalize the $X$-graphs of $Y$-graphs model introduced by Brandenburg (Brandenburg, F.J.: Graph clustering I: Cycles of cliques. In Di Battista, G., ed.: Graph Drawing (Proc. GD '97). Volume 1353 of Lecture Notes Comput. Sci., Springer-Verlag (1997) 158--168) to formalize the problem of automatically identifying dense subgraphs ($Y$-graphs, clusters) that are prone to be collapsed and shown with a matricial representation when needed. We show that (planar, $K_5$)-recognition, that is, the problem of identifying $K_5$ subgraphs such that the graph obtained by collapsing them is planar, is NP-hard. On the positive side, we show that it is possible to determine the highest value of $k$ such that $G$ is a (planar,$k$-core)-graph in $O(m + n log(n))$ time.
Cite as

Vladimir Batagelj, Franz J. Brandenburg, Walter Didimo, Guiseppe Liotta, and Maurizio Patrignani. 08191 Working Group Report – X-graphs of Y-graphs and their Representations. In Graph Drawing with Applications to Bioinformatics and Social Sciences. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 8191, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{batagelj_et_al:DagSemProc.08191.5,
  author =	{Batagelj, Vladimir and Brandenburg, Franz J. and Didimo, Walter and Liotta, Guiseppe and Patrignani, Maurizio},
  title =	{{08191 Working Group Report – X-graphs of Y-graphs and their Representations}},
  booktitle =	{Graph Drawing with Applications to Bioinformatics and Social Sciences},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8191},
  editor =	{Stephen P. Borgatti and Stephen Kobourov and Oliver Kohlbacher and Petra Mutzel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.08191.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-15563},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.08191.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph drawing, X-graphs of Y-graphs, visualization of large graphs}
}
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